小男孩在老人与海中的作用Word下载.docx
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小男孩在老人与海中的作用Word下载.docx
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XiaoganUniversity
Abstract
TheOldManandtheSeatellsthefrustratedexperiencethattheoldfishermanfishesinthecourse.Thethemeisdeep,anditisasongofpraiseofheroism.“Butmanisnotmadefordefeat.Amancanbedestroyedbutnotdefeated”hasbeentheclassicsayingandtheoldmanalsohasbeenthemosttypicalandthemostrepresentativeoftheHemingway’s“toughguy”.WhenHemingwaytalkedaboutthesuccessfulfactorslater,thelittleboywasmentionedinthesamebreathwiththeoldman.
Thispaperstartswiththedetailsanditisdividedintotwomainpartstodiscusstheindispensablerolesofthelittleboyinthenovel.Itishimwhohelpstoperformthethemeof“graceunderpressure”:
during40days,theoldmanwiththelittleboywenttofishbutwithouttakingafish,whenhissituationwasgettingworsestepbystep,thelittleboy’sleavingwastheheavypressurethatachievedtheextremesternforcertain.However,itwasso“heavypressure”thathismannerwasgracefulwhentheoldmanfacedafterwardsdefeatandhisoptimistic,generouslifeattitudewasworthytastingbypeoplecarefully;
itishimwhoplaystheroleofleading,inspiringtothereaders,andincreasingtheappealofthework,enrichingthecontentofthework:
althoughthelittleboyappearsonlyatthebeginningandtheendinginthenovel,thereisnothinginhisinnerstatebuttheoldman,sohisattitudeandemotionstowardstheoldmanaffectsthereaders’emotionsfortheoldmanquietlyandgradually.Anditisunavoidablethathisinnerfeelingleadsandimpactsthereaders’emotions.
Keywords:
roles;
thelittleboy;
theoldman;
graceunderpressure;
TheOldManandtheSea
小男孩在《老人与海》中的作用
摘要
《老人与海》讲述了老渔夫捕鱼过程中的坎坷经历,主题深刻,是一部英雄主义的赞歌。
“一个人不是生来就要被打败的,你可以消灭他,但就是打不败他。
”已经成为至理名言,老人也成为海明威式“硬汉子”的最典型、最完美的代表。
当海明威谈到小说成功的因素时,曾颇为自得地将小男孩与老人相提并论。
本文拟从有关细节入手,分析讨论小男孩在《老人与海》中所起的微妙且不可或缺的作用:
是他帮助表现了“重压下的优雅风度”这一主题:
在老人84天没有捕到鱼,处境一步步恶化的厄运中,小男孩的离去无疑让老人的“重压”达到了极度严峻的地步,然而正是由于如此的“重压”,老人后来面对失败时的态度才可谓“优雅”,所表现的大度、乐观的人生态度才值得人们仔细地品味;
是他对读者发挥着一定的牵引、打动和启发作用,从而增强了作品的感染力,丰富了作品的内涵:
孩子虽然只出现在小说的首尾两处,但是孩子的内心世界里别无他物,只有老人,他对老人的态度和感情潜移默化地左右着读者对老人的感受,他的内心情感无可避免地要牵动影响着读者的情绪。
关键词:
作用;
小男孩;
老人;
重压下的优雅风度;
《老人与海》
Contents
1.Introduction1
1.1Aboutthebackground1
1.2Aboutthenovel1
2.TherolesoftheboyinTheOldManandTheSea2
2.1Helpingshowtheoldman’spressure2
2.2Offeringamethodtoperformtheoldman’sgrace3
2.3Thelittleboyisthebestcomplementtotheoldman’scharacter4
3.Therolesinmovingandinspiringreaders7
3.1Thelittleboy’semotion7
3.2Thelittleboy’ssympathyinthestaticstage…8
3.3Thelittleboy’srespectandworryinthesubtle,fluctuatingstage8
3.4Thelittleboy’saffirmationintheoutbreakstage8
4.Conclusion9
Notes
Bibliography
Acknowledgements
TheRolesoftheBoyinTheOldManandtheSea
1.Introduction
1.1Aboutthebackground
Before1952,Hemingwayhasmetthecoldshoulderandattackinthesectorwhichlastsfornearlyadecade.Torescuethedecliningreputation,hepublishesanewwork,thatis,TheOldManandtheSea.Hebelievesfirmlythatitisthebestworkhecanwriteinhislifetime.WilliamFaulknerconsidersitasthemostexcellentworkinthisgeneration.BecauseofthisworkHemingwaywinsthePulitzerin1952andtheNobelPrizeforliteraturein1954whichpushhiswritingcareertothepeak.
TheOldManandtheSeaissoimportanttoHemingwayandtheAmericanliteraturethattherearelotsofcommentsaboutit.Buttheresearchonthelittleboy,Mandolin,isminimal.Itseemsthathisroleisirrelevantandunimportanttothenovel.Infact,theappearanceofthelittleboyistheemergenceofacoincidenceaccordingtohisroleinthework.
HemingwaypublishedapieceofcommunicationentitledOntheBlueWaterintheEsquireinApril,1936.TheOldManandtheSeaiswrittenonthebasicofthematerial.Inthemiddleofthenovel,wecanalwaysfeeltheexistenceoftheboy,becausetheoldmanthinksofthelittleboyformorethantentimesduringthethreeintenseandarduousdays.Moreover,whenHemingwaytalkedaboutthefactorsofthenovel’ssuccesslater,thelittleboyismentionedinthesamebreathwiththeoldmanthatheisluckytohaveagoodoldmanandalittleboy,andsomewritershaveforgottenthesethingsrecent.ThisshowsHemingwaylayshisartisticcreativityandingenuityonthelittleboy.Sothelittleboy’sroleinthisnovelisworthybeingconsideredbycriticsandreaders.
1.2Aboutthenovel
TheOldManandtheSeaearneditsauthorthePulitzerPrizeforfictionin1952,andwasinstrumentalinwinninghimtheNobelPrizeforliteraturetwoyearslater.ItisashortnovelaboutSantiago,anoldCubanfishermanwhohasgonefor84dayswithouttakingafish.Therefore,theboy,Mandolin,whousedtosailwithhim,isforcedtoleavehimandcatchinanotherboat.Theoldmaninsistsonfishingaloneandatlast,hehooksaneighteen-foot,giantmarlin,thelargesthehaseverknown.Butthefishisverypowerfulanddisobedient.Ittowstheoldmanandhisboatbuttoseefor48hours,withtheoldmanhearingthewholeweightofthefishthroughthelineonhisback.Theoldman,withlittlefoodandsleep,hastoenduremuchpainandfightsagainsthistreacheroushandcramp.Tohisgreatexcitement,onhisthirddayatsea,hesucceedsindrawingtheweekendmarlintothesurfaceandharpoonsit.Onhiswayhome,helashesmarlinalongsidehisboatbecauseit’stoobigtobepulledintotheboat.But,unfortunately,thecomeacrosssharksasmuchmightandmanyweaponsashecansummon,butonlytofindagiantskeletonofhismarlinleftafterhisdesperatedefense.Atlast,Santiago,havinglostwhathefoughtfor,reachedtheshoreandstrugglestohisshack.Hefallsintosoundsleep,dreamingofAfricaandthelionsagain.Hisstrugglewinshismuchrespect.
2.TherolesoftheboyinTheOldManandtheSea
2.1Helpingshowtheoldman’spressure
OneofthebrightestspotsinTheOldManandtheSeaistheperfectexpressionofHemingway’squalityofgraceunderpressure,whichiscomposedoftwofactors:
pressureandgrace.Andpressureisthepremise:
onlyunderthebackgroundofpressurewilltheherohavetheelegantmannersintherealsignificance.Thesetwofactorsaremostlyshownbythelittleboy.Toshowpressure,Hemingwaydescribesthebackgroundofthestoryinfourlevelsbypicturingthedetailswhenthelittleboyleavestheoldman.Inthisway,hestressestheheavypressureattheverybeginningofthenovel,whichlaysanecessarypremiseandanatmospherefortheso-calledgrace.Toshowthegrace,Hemingwaydescribesseveraldetailswhentheoldmangetstogetherwiththelittleboyunderthepressureatthebeginningandtheendofthenovel,drawingtheimageandtargetsindescribingtheimageoftheoldman.
Firstistheheavypressure.Thefirstsentenceofthisnovelaccountsthedifficultiesthattheoldmanfaced:
theoldmanhasbeenfutilefor84days.Thisisofcourse,sympathetictopeople,butitisnotenoughtoarousepeople’ssympathyonlybyanumberandthepressureitstatedisalsoambiguous.What’smore,themannerslaterdiscussedisdifficulttomovethereadersandthenovel’sdepthwillbeaffectedwhileitisdifficulttomakeaclearsensethroughafewwordsandtheoldman’saloneappearinginthenovel.SoHemingwaygivesaconsiderabledescriptionofthelittleboyinordertosetoffagradualdeteriorationsituationoftheoldman.Inthisincreasingpressure,theoldman’sfailureisparticulartragic,andthemanneroftheoldmantothefailureiselegant.
Atthebeginning,theoldmanandthelittleboysailedtogethereveryday,buttheydonotcatchanyfishformorethan40days,whichisquite“unlucky”,[1]thisisthefirstlayerofpressure.Atthistime,theboyisforcedtoleavetheoldmanandcatchesonanotherboatfollowedhisparents’order,thustheoldmanisleftaloneinhisboatwhichisasymbolofhisfailure.Obviously,failureandlonelinessisthesecondlevelofpressure.Theboybegantolearntofishfollowingtheoldmanwhenheisonlyfive.Theoldman’swifepassedawayseveralyearsago,sothechildisactualhisonlycompanioninhislonelylife,andthedepartureofthelittleboyatthisunfortunatemomentisundoutableaheavyblowtohim.Previously,ithassaidthatthelittleboydoesnotappearinthematerialonwhichthestorybased.ThelittleboyisimagedbyHemingwayasthesolepartnerandassistantoftheoldman,andthentakeshimawayfromtheoldmanmercilessly,whichistheso-called“givingitbeforetakingit”.Inthisway,theoldman’smiserablesituationbecomesevenworse.Moreover,aftertheboy’sleaving,theoldmandoesnotcatchanyfishfor44dayswhichmakesbearanalmostdesperatefeeling.Thisisthethirdlevelofpressure.Althoughthefirstandthirdlevelofthepressurehavingnothingtodowiththelittleboy,theboy’sleavingdividesthe84daysintothreelevelstoincreasethepressurelayerbylayer,therebycreatingasenseofmoreandmore,dignified.
Ontheotherhand,“theboyhasgoneattheirorderinanotherboatwhichcaughtthreegoodfishthefirstweek”[2],afterhisleaving,soitformsasharpcontrastbetweentheoldman’sdeterioratefateandthelittleboy’s.Asweallknown,thefishermenallbelieveintheluckverymuch.Inthenovel,Hemingwaydeliberatelyusestheword“salao”andstressesitisthesuperiordegreeofthe“unlucky”.Andwecanseethattheoldmanalsobelievesfirmlyinfortunefromthewordsheusuallyusessuchas“lucky”,“gamble”,“takeyourchance”,[3]andthedeta
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