专英课本完整版.docx
- 文档编号:17240262
- 上传时间:2023-04-24
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:40
- 大小:57.89KB
专英课本完整版.docx
《专英课本完整版.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《专英课本完整版.docx(40页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
专英课本完整版
CONTENTS
CharacteristicsofSpecialpurposeEnglish:
2
LESSON15MaterialsScience7
LESSON16ChemicalProcessSafety9
LESSON17PlantDesignandGeneralConsiderations12
LESSON19ProcessReactorDesign14
LESSON21Bioengineering16
LESSON22GeneticEngineering19
LESSON23HowWeDigestCarbohydrates21
LESSON26GreenHouseEffect23
LESSON28NomenclatureofChemicalCompounds27
LESSON1ChemicalEngineering30
LESSON3UnitOperations34
LESSON5Filtration36
LESSON6HeatTransfer39
LESSON7AbsorptionofGases42
LESSON8DistillationOperations45
LESSON9SolventExtraction48
LESSON10DryingofSolids50
LESSON11PackedTowers53
CharacteristicsofSpecialpurposeEnglish:
1:
Language
词汇意义比较单一,不具有情感内容,很少使用比喻,排比,夸张等修辞手法。
常会出现难看,难念,难听的词。
2:
Vocabulary
国际性强:
很多从拉丁语或希腊语中派生出来。
很少口语词汇,常用单个动词代替动词短语:
Absorb—takein;discover---findout;assemble---puttogether.
利用前缀后缀派生的词很多。
专业,科技词汇占1/4。
3:
Grammar
大量使用名词和名词词组beveryimportant---beofgreatimportance
大量使用被动语态
大量使用非谓语动词词组
长句结构多
HeyJude
Beatles
HeyJude,don'tmakeitbad.嘿!
Jude,不要沮丧
Takeasadsongandmakeitbetter 唱首悲伤的歌曲来舒缓自己的心情
Remembertoletherintoyourheart 请将她存放于心
Thenyoucanstarttomakeitbetter. 生活才会更美好
HeyJude,don'tbeafraid 嘿Jude不要害怕
Youweremadetogooutandgether. 你生来就是要得到她
Theminuteyouletherunderyourskin, 在将她深藏于心的那一刻
Thenyoubegintomakeitbetter. 你已经开始过的更好
Andanytimeyoufeelthepain, 无论何时,当你感到痛苦
heyJude,refrain, 嘿Jude停下来
Don'tcarrytheworlduponyourshoulders. 不要把全世界都扛在肩上
Forwellyouknowthatit'safoolwhoplaysitcool 你应该懂得傻瓜才会假装坚强
Bymakinghisworldalittlecolder. 才会把自己的世界变得冷漠
HeyJudedon'tletmedown 嘿Jude别让我失望
Youhavefoundher,nowgoandgether. 你已遇见她现在就去赢得她芳心
Remembertoletherintoyourheart, 请将她深藏于心
Thenyoucanstarttomakeitbetter. 生活才会更美好
Soletitoutandletitin,heyJude,begin, 遇事要拿得起放得下嘿!
Jude,振作起来
You'rewaitingforsomeonetoperformwith. 你一直期待有人同你一起成长
Anddon'tyouknowthatit'sjustyou,heyJude,you'lldo 你不明白?
只有你Jude嘿你行的
Themovementyouneedisonyourshoulder 未来肩负在你身上
HeyJude,don'tmakeitbad. 嘿不要消沉Jude
Takeasadsongandmakeitbetter 唱首忧伤的歌曲让自己振作些
Remembertoletherunderyourskin 记得心中常怀有她
Thenyou'llbegintomakeitbetter 生活才会变得更美好
Betterbetterbetterbetterbetterbetter,Oh. 更美好
Someonelikeyou另寻沧海
Adele阿黛尔
Iheardthatyou’resettleddown.已闻君,诸事安康。
Thatyoufoundagirlandyou’remarriednow.遇佳人,不久婚嫁。
Iheardthatyourdreamscametrue.已闻君,得偿所想。
Guessshegaveyouthings,Ididn’tgivetoyou.料得是,卿识君望。
Oldfriend,whyareyousoshy?
旧日知己,何故张皇?
Ain’tlikeyoutoholdbackorhidefromthelie.遮遮掩掩,欲盖弥彰。
Ihatetoturnupoutoftheblueuninvited.客有不速,实非我所想。
ButIcouldn’tstayaway,Icouldn’tfightit.避之不得,遑论与相抗。
I’dhopedyou’dseemyface&thatyou’dbereminded,异日偶遇,识得依稀颜。
Thatforme,itisn’tover.再无所求,涕零而泪下。
Nevermind,I’llfindsomeonelikeyou.毋须烦恼,终有弱水替沧海。
Iwishnothingbutthebest,foryoutoo.抛却纠缠,再把相思寄巫山。
Don’tforgetme,Ibeg,Irememberyousaid:
勿忘昨日,亦存君言于肺腑。
“Sometimesitlastsinlovebutsometimesithurtsinstead”“情堪隽永,也善心潮掀狂澜。
”
Sometimesitlastsinlovebutsometimesithurtsinstead,yeah.情堪隽永,也善心潮掀狂澜,然。
Youknow,howthetimeflies,光阴常无踪,词穷不敢道荏苒。
Onlyyesterday,wasthetimeofourlives.欢笑仍如昨,今却孤影忆花繁。
Wewerebornandraisedinasummeryhaze.彼时初执手,夏雾郁郁湿衣衫。
Boundbythesurpriseofourglorydays.自缚旧念中,诧喜荣光永不黯。
Ihatetoturnupoutoftheblueuninvited.客有不速,实非我所想。
ButIcouldn’tstayaway,Icouldn’tfightit.避之不得,遑论与相抗。
Ihadhopedyou’dseemyfaceandthatyou’dbereminded,异日偶遇,识得依稀颜。
Thatforme,itisn’tover.再无所求,涕零而泪下。
Nevermind,I’llfindsomeonelikeyou.毋须烦恼,终有弱水替沧海。
Iwishnothingbutthebest,foryoutoo.抛却纠缠,再把相思寄巫山。
Don’tforgetme,Ibeg,Irememberyousaid:
勿忘昨日,亦存君言于肺腑。
“Sometimesitlastsinlovebutsometimesithurtsinstead”“情堪隽永,也善心潮掀狂澜。
”
Sometimesitlastsinlovebutsometimesithurtsinstead,yeah.情堪隽永,也善心潮掀狂澜,然。
Nothingcompares,noworriesorcares.无可与之相提,切莫忧心同挂念。
Regret’sandmistakesthey’rememoriesmade.糊涂遗恨难免,白璧微瑕方可恋。
Whowouldhaveknownhowbittersweetthiswouldtaste?
此中酸甜苦咸,世上谁人堪相言?
Nevermind,I’llfindsomeonelikeyou.毋须烦恼,终有弱水替沧海。
Iwishnothingbutthebest,foryoutoo.抛却纠缠,再把相思寄巫山。
Don’tforgetme,Ibeg,Irememberyousaid:
勿忘昨日,亦存君言于肺腑。
“Sometimesitlastsinlovebutsometimesithurtsinstead”“情堪隽永,也善心潮掀狂澜。
”
Sometimesitlastsinlovebutsometimesithurtsinstead,yeah.情堪隽永,也善心潮掀狂澜,然。
Nevermind,I’llfindsomeonelikeyou.毋须烦恼,终有弱水替沧海。
Iwishnothingbutthebest,foryoutoo.抛却纠缠,再把相思寄巫山。
Don’tforgetme,Ibeg,Irememberyousaid:
勿忘昨日,亦存君言于肺腑。
“Sometimesitlastsinlovebutsometimesithurtsinstead”“情堪隽永,也善心潮掀狂澜。
”
Sometimesitlastsinlovebutsometimesithurtsinstead,yeah.情堪隽永,也善心潮掀狂澜,然。
LESSON15MaterialsScience
Materialsscienceisthestudyofthenpropertiesofsolidmaterialsandhowthosepropertiesaredeterminedbyamaterial’scompositionandstructure.Thestudyencompassestheentirerangofproperties,includingmechanic,thermal,chemical,electric,magnetic,andopticalbehavior.Itgrewoutofamalgamofsolid-statephysics,metallurgy,andchemistry,sincetherichvarietyofmaterialspropertiescannotbeunderstoodwithinthecontextofanysingleclassicaldiscipline.Theoptionaluseofmaterialsinapplicationssuchaspackaging,construction,magnets,batteries,engines,automobilebodies,insulation,catalyticcracking,electrics,andcomputersdependsontheintelligentexplosionoftheseproperties.Withabasicunderstandingoftheoriginalsofproperties,materialscanbeselectedordesignedforanenormousvarietyofapplications,rangingfromstructuralsteelstocomputermicrochips.MaterialsScienceisthereforeimportanttomanyengineeringactivitiessuchaselectronics,aerospace,telecommunications,informationprocessing,nuclearpower,andenergyconversion.
Thepropertiesofmaterialsaredeterminedarebytheirinternalstructure—thatis,thewayinwhichthefundamentalpartsofthematerialsareputtogether.Thus,theatomicstructureisthearrangementoftheatomsinspace,theelectronstructureisthedistributionoftheelectronsinspaceandinenergy,thedefectstructureisthedistributionofcrystalflaws,(suchasimpurities,vacantatomicsites,anddislocation),andthemicroscopicstructureisthesizeandarrangementofmicroscopicgrainsandprecipitates.Thesestructures,andtheirinteractions,areresponsibleforthebehaviorofmaterials.Forexample,thecombinationofatomicandelectricstructurecontrolstheeasewithwhichelectioncanmoveinorthroughasolidandthereforedetermineswhetheritwillbeaninsulator,aconductor,orasemiconductor;theatomicanddefectstructurecontroltheeasewithwhichamechanicaldisturbancecanmovethroughasolidandthereforedetermineitsdegreeofductilityorbrittleness;andthedistributionofspinningelectronsgivesrisetomagneticproperties.
AfterWorldWarⅡ,economicprogressandnationaldefenseneedsrequiredthedevelopmentofsophisticatedmaterials,anditwassoonapparentthatanintegrationoftheknowledgeandmethodsofmetallurgy,chemistry,andphysicswasessentialfortheirdevelopment.Thefieldofsemiconductorelectronicswasaprimeexampleofthis.Thebasicworkwasdonebyphysicists,whowereorientedtowardtheanalysisofelectronicpropertiesofpure,samplesolids.Butthesuccessfulproduction,ofgoodsemiconductordevicesrequiredaknowledgeofdefectstructure,traditionallytheprovinceofthemetallurgist,andtheimportanceofimpuritycontrolwasinmanyrespectsaproblemofchemistry.
By1960theintegrationofthethreefieldsintoanewactivitywaswellunderway.Inthelate1950stheAdvancedResearchProjectsAgencyoftheU.S.DepartmentofDefense,incooperationwithresearchuniversities,sponsoredanopencompetitiontoestablishgovernment-supportedresearchlaboratoriesatalimitednumberofuniversitytopursuetheintegratedstudyofmaterialsandtoeducategraduatestudentsinthenewfield.AdozensuchfacilitiesweresetupintheUnitedSates.
Themethodsofmaterialssciencehavebeenextendedtothestudyofpolymers,glasses,ceramics,amorphousmetals,andevenbiologicalmaterialssuchasbone.Thesimpleconceptofrelatingpropertiestostructurehasresultedinanastonishingvarietyofadvancedmaterialsofgreatutility.
LESSON16ChemicalProcessSafety
In1978,RobertM.Solow,aneconomistattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology,receivedtheNobelPrizeineconomicsforhisworkindeterminingthesourceofeconomicgrowth.ProfessorSolowconcludedthatthebulkofaneconomy’sgrowthistheresultoftechnologicaladvances.
Itisreasonabletoconcludethatthegrowthofanindustryisalsodependentontechnologicaladvances.Thisisespeciallytrueinthechemicalindustry,whichisenteringaneraofmorecomplexprocesses:
higherpressure,morereactivechemicals,andexoticchemistry.
Morecomplexprocessesrequiremorecomplexsafetytechnology.Manyindustrialistsevenbelievethatthedevelopmentandtheapplicationofsafetytechnologyisactuallyaconstraintonthegrowthofthechemicalindustry.Aschemicalprocesstechnologybecomesmorecomplex,chemicalengineerswillneedamoredetailedandfundamentalunderstandingofsafety.H.H.Fawcetthassaidthattoknowistosurviveandtoignorefundamentalsidtocourtdisaster.
Since1950,significanttechnologicaladvanceshavebeenmadeinchemicalprocesssafety.Today,safetyisequalinimportancetoproductionandhasdevelopedintoa
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 课本 完整版