胡壮麟《语言学教程》测试题及答案Word格式文档下载.docx
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胡壮麟《语言学教程》测试题及答案Word格式文档下载.docx
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3。
Thefunctionofthesentence“Waterboilsat100degreesCentigrade.”is__________.
interrogative
B。
directive
informative
D。
performative
4.
InChinesewhensomeonebreaksabowloraplatethehostorthepeoplepresentarelikelytosay“碎碎(岁岁)平安”asameansofcontrollingtheforceswhichtheybelievesfeelmightaffecttheirlives.Whichfunctionsdoesitperform?
A.Interpersonal
B.Emotive
C.Performative
D.Recreational
5.
Whichofthefollowingpropertyoflanguageenableslanguageuserstoovercomethebarrierscausedbytimeandplace,duetothisfeatureoflanguage,speakersofalanguagearefreetotalkaboutanythinginanysituation?
Transferability
B。
Duality
Displacement
D。
Arbitrariness
6。
Studythefollowingdialogue.Whatfunctiondoesitplayaccordingtothefunctionsoflanguage?
—Aniceday,isn’tit?
-Right!
Ireallyenjoythesunlight。
Emotive
Phatic
Performative
Interpersonal
7.
__________referstotheactualrealizationoftheideallanguageuser’sknowledgeoftherulesofhislanguageinutterances.
A.Performance
B.Competence
Langue
D.Parole
8.
Whenadogisbarking,youassumeitisbarkingforsomethingoratsomeonethatexistshearandnow。
Itcouldn’tbesorrowfulforsomelostloveorlostbone。
Thisindicatesthedesignfeatureof__________。
A.culturaltransmission
B.productivity
displacement
duality
9。
__________answerssuchquestionsashowweasinfantsacquireourfirstlanguage.
A.Psycholinguistics
Anthropologicallinguistics
Sociolinguistics
D.Appliedlinguistics
10。
__________dealswithlanguageapplicationtootherfields,particularlyeducation.
Linguistictheory
B。
Practicallinguistics
Appliedlinguistics
D。
Comparativelinguistics
II。
Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.(10%)
11.
Languageisameansofverbalcommunication.Therefore,thecommunicationwayusedbythedeaf-muteisnotlanguage。
12。
Languagechangeisuniversal,ongoingandarbitrary.
13.
Speakingisthequickestandmostefficientwayofthehumancommunicationsystems.
14.
Languageiswrittenbecausewritingistheprimarymediumforalllanguages.
15。
Wewereallbornwiththeabilitytoacquirelanguage,whichmeansthedetailsofanylanguagesystemcanbegeneticallytransmitted.
16。
Onlyhumanbeingsareabletocommunicate。
17.
。
DeSaussure,whomadethedistinctionbetweenlangueandparoleintheearly20thcentury,wasaFrenchlinguist.
18.
AstudyofthefeaturesoftheEnglishusedinShakespeare'
stimeisanexampleofthediachronicstudyoflanguage。
19.
Speechandwritingcameintobeingatmuchthesametimeinhumanhistory。
20。
Allthelanguagesintheworldtodayhavebothspokenandwrittenforms。
III。
Fillintheblanks.(10%)
21。
Language,broadlyspeaking,isameansof__________communication。
22。
Inanylanguagewordscanbeusedinnewwaystomeannewthingsandcanbecombinedintoinnumerablesentencesbasedonlimitedrules.Thisfeatureisusuallytermed__________.
23。
Languagehasmanyfunctions.Wecanuselanguagetotalkaboutitself.Thisfunctionis__________。
24.
Theorythatprimitivemanmadeinvoluntaryvocalnoiseswhileperformingheavyworkhasbeencalledthe__________theory。
25。
Linguisticsisthe__________studyoflanguage。
26。
Modernlinguisticsis__________inthesensethatthelinguisttriestodiscoverwhatlanguageisratherthanlaydownsomerulesforpeopletoobserve。
27。
Onegeneralprincipleoflinguisticanalysisistheprimacyof__________overwriting.
28。
Thedescriptionofalanguageasitchangesthroughtimeisa__________study。
29。
Saussureputforwardtwoimportantconcepts。
__________referstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallmembersofaspeechcommunity。
30.
LinguisticpotentialissimilartoSaussure’slangueandChomsky'
s__________.
IV。
Explainthefollowingterms,usingexamples。
(20%)
31.
Designfeature
32。
Displacement
33。
Competence
34。
Synchroniclinguistics
V.
Answerthefollowingquestions.(20%)
35。
Whydopeopletakedualityasoneoftheimportantdesignfeaturesofhumanlanguage?
Canyoutelluswhatlanguagewillbeifithasnosuchdesignfeature?
(南开大学,2004)
36。
Whyisitdifficulttodefinelanguage?
(北京第二外国语大学,2004)
VI。
Analyzethefollowingsituation。
(20%)
37.
Howcanalinguistmakehisanalysisscientific?
(青岛海洋大学,1999)
第二章:
语音
I.
Choosethebestanswer.(20%)
Pitchvariationisknownas__________whenitspatternsareimposedonsentences。
intonation
tone
C.pronunciation
D.voice
Conventionallya__________isputinslashes(//).
allophone
phone
C.phoneme
morpheme
3.
Anaspiratedp,anunaspiratedpandanunreleasedpare__________ofthepphoneme。
analogues
tagmemes
C.morphemes
allophones
4。
Theopeningbetweenthevocalcordsissometimesreferredtoas__________。
A.glottis
vocalcavity
C.pharynx
D.uvula
Thediphthongsthataremadewithamovementofthetonguetowardsthecenterareknownas__________diphthongs。
A.wide
B.closing
narrow
centering
6.
Aphonemeisagroupofsimilarsoundscalled__________.
A.minimalpairs
B.allomorphs
C.phones
Whichbranchofphoneticsconcernstheproductionofspeechsounds?
Acousticphonetics
Articulatoryphonetics
C.Auditoryphonetics
D.Noneoftheabove
8。
Whichoneisdifferentfromtheothersaccordingtoplacesofarticulation?
[n]
B.[m]
C.[b]
D.[p]
Whichvowelisdifferentfromtheothersaccordingtothecharacteristicsofvowels?
A.[i:
]
[u]
C.[e]
D.[i]
Whatkindofsoundscanwemakewhenthevocalcordsarevibrating?
A.Voiceless
B.Voiced
C.Glottalstop
Consonant
Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse。
(10%)
11。
Suprasegmentalphonologyreferstothestudyofphonologicalpropertiesofunitslargerthanthesegment—phoneme,suchassyllable,wordandsentence。
Theairstreamprovidedbythelungshastoundergoanumberofmodificationtoacquirethequalityofaspeechsound.
13。
Twosoundsareinfreevariationwhentheyoccurinthesameenvironmentanddonotcontrast,namely,thesubstitutionofonefortheotherdoesnotproduceadifferentword,butmerelyadifferentpronunciation。
[p]isavoicedbilabialstop。
15.
Acousticphoneticsisconcernedwiththeperceptionofspeechsounds.
Allsyllablesmusthaveanucleusbutnotallsyllablescontainanonsetandacoda.
Whenpurevowelsormonophthongsarepronounced,novowelglidestakeplace。
18。
Accordingtothelengthortensenessofthepronunciation,vowelscanbedividedintotensevs。
laxorlongvs。
short.
19。
ReceivedPronunciationisthepronunciationacceptedbymostpeople。
Themaximalonsetprinciplestatesthatwhenthereisachoiceastowheretoplaceaconsonant,itisputintothecodaratherthantheonset。
Fillintheblanks。
21.
Consonantsoundscanbeeither__________or__________,whileallvowelsoundsare__________。
Consonantsoundscanalsobemadewhentwoorgansofspeechinthemoutharebroughtclosetogethersothattheairispushedoutbetweenthem,causing__________.
23.
Thequalitiesofvowelsdependuponthepositionofthe__________andthelips.
Oneelementinthedescriptionofvowelsisthepartofthetonguewhichisatthehighestpointinthemouth。
Asecondelementisthe__________towhichthatpartofthetongueisraised。
Consonantsdifferfromvowelsinthatthelatterareproducedwithout__________.
26.
Inphonologicalanalysisthewordsfail/veilaredistinguishablesimplybecauseofthetwophonemes/f/-/v/.Thisisanexampleforillustrating__________.
InEnglishthereareanumberof__________,whichareproducedbymovingfromonevowelpositiontoanotherthroughinterveningpositions。
28.
__________referstothephenomenonofsoundscontinuallyshowtheinfluenceoftheirneighbors.
__________isthesmallestlinguisticunit。
Speechtakesplacewhentheorgansofspeechmovetoproducepatternsofsound。
Thesemovementshaveaneffectonthe__________comingfromthelungs。
Soundassimilation
Suprasegmentalfeature
33.
Complementarydistribution
34.
Distinctivefeatures
Whatisacousticphonetics?
(中国人民大学,2003)
36.
Whatarethedifferencesbetweenvoicedsoundsandvoicelesssoundsintermsofarticulation?
(南开04)
VI.
Writethesymbolthatcorrespondstoeachofthefollowingphoneticdescriptions;
thengiveanEnglishwordthatcontainsthissound。
Example:
voicedalveolarstop[d]dog。
(青岛海洋大学,1999)
(1)
v
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