四级真题Word文件下载.docx

四级真题Word文件下载.docx

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　　Directions:

Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonthetopicofCreatingaGreenCampus.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow:

　　1.建设绿色校园很重要来源：

2.绿色校园不仅指绿色的环境……

　　3.为了建设绿色校园，我们应该……

　　CreatingaGreenCampus

　　PartⅡReadingComprehension（SkimmingandScanning）（15minutes）

Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA）,B）,C）andD）.Forquestion8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.

　　Collegestakinganotherlookatvalueofmerit-basedaid

　　Goodgradesandhightestsscoresstillmatter—alot—tomanycollegesastheyawardfinancialaid.

　　Butwithlow-incomestudentsprojectedtomakeupanever-largershareofthecollege-boundpopulationincomingyears,someschoolsarere-examiningwhetherthataid,typicallyknownas“meritaid”,isthemosteffectiveuseofpreciousinstitutionaldollars.

　　GeorgeWashingtonUniversityinWashington,D.C.,forexample,saidlastweekthatitwouldcutthevalueofitsaveragemeritscholarshipsbyaboutone-thirdandreducethenumberofrecipients（接受者）,pouringthesavings,about$2.5million,intoneed-basedaid.AlleghenyCollegeinMeadville,Pa.,madeasimilardecisionthreeyearsago.

　　Now,HamiltonCollegeinClinton,N.Y.,saysitwillphaseoutmeritscholarshipsaltogether.Nocurrentmerit-aidrecipientswilllosetheirscholarships,butneed-basedaidalonewillbeawardedbeginningwithstudentsenteringinfall2008.

　　Notallcollegesoffermeritaid;

generally,themoreselectiveaschool,thelesslikelyitistodoso.HarvardandPrinceton,forexample,offergenerousneed-basedpackages,butmanyfamilieswhodon’tmeetneedeligibility（资格）havebeenwillingtopaywhatevertheymustforabig-nameschool.

　　Forsmallregionalcollegesthatstrugglejusttofillseats,meritaidcanbeanimportantrevenue-builderbecausemanyrecipientsstillpayenoughtuitiondollarsoverandabovethescholarshipamounttokeeptheinstitutionrunning.

　　Butforrankings-consciousschoolsinbetween,meritaidhasservedprimarilyasatooltorecruittopstudentsandtoimprovetheiracademicprofits.“They’retryingtobuystudents,”saysSkidmoreCollegeeconomistSandyBaum.

　　Studiesshowmeritaidalsotendstobenefitdisproportionatelystudentswhocouldaffordtoenrollwithoutit.

　　“Aswelooktothefuture,weseeamorepressingneedtoinvestinneed-basedaid,”saysMonicaInzer,deanofadmissionandfinancialaidatHamilton,whichhasofferedmeritscholarshipsfor10years.Duringthattime,itroseinUSNews&

WorldReport’srankingofthebestliberalartscolleges,from25to17.

　　Meritaid,whichbenefitedabout75studentsayear,orabout4%ofitsstudentbody,atacostofabout$1millionayear,“serveduswell,”Inzersays,but“tobediscountingthepriceforfamiliesthatdon’tneedfinancialaiddoesn’tfeelrightanymore.”

　　Need-basedaidremainsbyfarthelargestshareofallstudentaid,whichincludesstate,federalandinstitutionalgrants.Butmeritaid,offeredprimarilybyschoolsandstates,isgrowingfaster,bothoverallandattheinstitutionallevel.

　　Between1995-96and2003-04,institutionalmeritaidaloneincreased212%,comparedwith47%forneed-basedgrants.Atleast15statesalsooffermeritaid,typicallyinabidtoenrolltopstudentsinthestate’spublicinstitutions.

　　Butinrecentyears,agrowingchorus（异口同声）ofcriticshasbegunpressuringschoolstodropthepractice.RecentdecisionsbyHamiltonandothersmaybe“asignthatpeoplearestartingtorealizethatthere’sthisdestructivecompetitiongoingon,”saysBaum,co-authorofarecentCollegeReportthatraisesconcernsabouttheroleofinstitutionalaidnotbasedonneed.

　　DavidLaird,presidentoftheMinnesotaPrivateCollegeCouncil,saysmanyofhisschoolswouldliketoreducetheirmeritaidbutfearthatindoingso,theywouldlosetopstudentstotheircompetitors.

　　“Noonecantakeone-sidedaction,”saysLaird,whoisexploringwhethertoseekanexemption（豁免）fromfederalanti-trustlawssomembercollegescandiscusshowtheycouldjointlyreducemeritaid,“Thisisamerry-go-roundthat’sgoingveryfast,andnoneoftheinstitutionsbelievetheycansustaintherisksoftryingtobreakawaybythemselves.”

　　Acomplicatingfactoristhatmeritaidhasbecomesopopularwithmiddle-incomefamilies,whodon’tqualifyforneed-basedaid,thatmanyhavecometodependonit.And,astuitionscontinuetoincrease,thelinebetweenmeritandneedblurs.

　　That’sonereasonAlleghenyCollegedoesn’tplantodropmeritaidentirely.

　　“Westillbelieveinrewardingsuperiorachievementsandknowthatthesetopstudentstrulyvaluethescholarship,”saysScottFriedhoff,Allegheny’svicepresidentforenrollment.

　　EmoryUniversityinAtlanta,whichboastsa$4.7billionendowment（捐赠）,meanwhile,istakinganotherapproach.Thisyear,itannounceditwouldeliminateloansforneedystudentsandcapthemformiddle-incomefamilies.Atthesametime,itwouldexpandits28-year-oldmeritprogram.

　　“Yeah,we’replayingthemeritgame,”acknowledgesTomLancaster,associatedeanforundergraduateeducation.Butithasitsstrongpoint,too,hesays.“Thefactofthematteris,it’snotjustaboutthelowest-incomepeople.It’stheaverageAmericanmiddle-classfamilywho’sbeingpricedoutofthemarket.”

　　*Afewwordsaboutmerit-basedaid:

来源：

　　Merit-basedaidisaidofferedtostudentswhoachieveexcellenceinagivenarea,andisgenerallyknownasacademic,athleticandartisticmeritscholarships.

　　Academicmeritscholarshipsarebasedonstudents’grades,GPAandoverallacademicperformanceduringhighschool.Theyaretypicallymeantforstudentsgoingstraighttocollegerightafterhighschool.However,therearescholarshipsforcurrentcollegestudentswithexceptionalgradesaswell.Thesemeritscholarshipsusuallyhelpstudentspaytuitionbills,andtheycanberenewedeachyearaslongastherecipientscontinuetoqualify.Insomecases,studentsmayneedtoberecommendedbytheirschoolorateacheraspartofthequalificationprocess.

　　Athleticmeritscholarshipsaremeantforstudentsthatexcel（突出）insportsofanykind,fromfootballtotrackandfieldevents.Recommendationforthesescholarshipsisrequired,sinceexceptionalathleticperformancehastoberecognizedbyacoachorareferee（裁判）.Applicantsneedtosendinatapecontainingtheirbestperformance.

　　Artisticmeritscholarshipsrequirethatapplicantsexcelinagivenartisticarea.Thisgenerallyincludesanycreativefieldsuchasart,design,fashion,music,danceorwriting.Applyingforartisticmeritscholarshipsusuallyrequiresthatstudentssubmitaportfolio（选辑）ofsomesort,whetherthatincludesacollectionofartwork,arecordingofamusicalperformanceoravideoofthemdancing.

　　1.Withmoreandmorelow-incomestudentspursuinghighereducation,anumberofcollegesare________.

　　A）offeringstudentsmoremerit-basedaid

　　B）revisingtheirfinancialaidpolicies

　　C）increasingtheamountoffinancialaid

　　D）changingtheiradmissionprocesses

　　2.WhatdidAlleghenyCollegeinMeadvilledothreeyearsago?

　　A）Ittriedtoimplementanovelfinancialaidprogram.

　　B）Itadded$2.5milliontoitsneed-basedaidprogram.

　　C）Itphasedoutitsmerit-basedscholarshipsaltogether.

　　D）Itcutsitsmerit-basedaidtohelptheneedystudents.

　　3.Thechiefpurposeofrankings-consciouscollegesinofferingmeritaidisto______.

　　A）improveteachingqualityB）boosttheirenrollments

　　C）attractgoodstudentsD）increasetheirrevenues

　　4.MonicaInzer,deanofadmissionandfinancialaidatHamilton,believes______.

　　A）itdoesn’tpaytospend$1millionayeartoraiseitsranking

　　B）itgivesstudentsmotivationtoawardacademicachievements

　　C）it’sillogicaltousesomuchmoneyononly4%ofitsstudents

　　D）it’snotrighttogiveaidtothosewhocanaffordthetuition

　　5.Inrecentyears,merit-basedaidhasincreasedmuchfasterthanneed-basedaiddueto______.

　　A）moregovernmentfundingtocolleges

　　B）fiercecompetitionamonginstitutions

　　C）theincreasingnumberoftopstudents

　　D）schools’improvedfinancialsituations

　　6.Whatistheattitudeofmanyprivatecollegestowardmeritaid,accordingtoDavidLaird?

　　A）Theywouldliketoseeitreduced.

　　B）Theyregarditasanecessaryevil.

　　C）Theythinkitdoesmoreharmthangood.来源：

考试大的美女编辑们

　　D）Theyconsideritunfairtomiddle-classfamilies.

　　7.Whydoesn’tAlleghenyCollegeplantodropmeritaidentirely?

　　A）Raisingtuitionshavemadecollegeunaffordableformiddle-classfamilies.

　　B）Withrisingincomes,fewerstudentsareapplyingforneed-basedaid.

　　C）Manystudentsfrommiddle-incomefamilieshavecometorelyonit.

　　D）Risingincomeshavedisqualifiedmanystudentsforneed-basedaid.

　　8.Annualrenewalofacademicmeritscholarshipsdependsonwhethertherecipientsremain______.

　　9.Applicantsforathleticmeritscholarshipsneedarecommendationfromacoachorarefereewho______theirexceptionalathleticperformance.

　　10.Applicantsforartisticmeritscholarshipsmustproduceevidencetoshowtheir______inaparticularartisticfield

PartⅢListeningComprehension（35minutes）

　　SectionA

Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedabou