选修7 Unit 4 SharingGrammar定语从句文档格式.docx
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选修7 Unit 4 SharingGrammar定语从句文档格式.docx
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四、知能提升
(一)知识讲解
【认知讲解】
●教材原句呈现
I’veincludedsomephotoswhichwillhelpyoupicturetheplacesItalkabout.
TheonlypossessionsIcouldseewereonebroom,afewtinplatesandcupsandacoupleofjars.
对比分析
第一个句子中的which引导的定语从句修饰前面的photos,而后面的Italkabout也是一个定语从句,只不过是省略了引导词that。
第二个句子中的Icouldsee也是一个定语从句,其前也是省略了关系代词that。
【重、难点】
I.概念:
(1)定语从句:
在主从复合句中用作定语的从句叫定语从句。
定语从句一般紧接在先行词后面。
(2)先行词:
被定语从句修饰的成分。
先行词可以为一个名词、代词,有时候还可是一个短语或整个主句。
(3)关系词:
引导定语从句的词叫关系词,分为关系代词和关系副词。
关系词的作用:
1)引导定语从句,连接主句和从句,相当于一个连词;
2)必在从句中作某种句子成分(可作主语,宾语,表语,定语,状语)
常用的关系代词:
that(在从句中作主语,宾语,表语;
可指人或物)
which(在从句中作主语,宾语,表语或定语;
只可指物)
who(主格,在从句中作主语,在口语或非正式用法中可作宾语;
只可指人)
whom(宾格,在从句中作宾语;
whose(属格,在从句中作定语,可指人或物)
as(在从句中作主语,宾语,表语;
可指人或物,通常指代事物);
常用的关系副词(在从句中只作状语):
when(时间状语),why(原因状语),where(地点状语)
II.几个关系代词的基本用法:
一)that:
①可指人或物;
②在定语从句中作主语,宾语,表语(指人时,相当于who或whom;
指物时,相当于which);
③一般不用于非限制性定语从句;
④不可置于介词后作宾语。
【例句】
1.Aletterthat/whichiswritteninpencilisdifficulttoread.(主语)
2.Doyouknowthegentlemanthat/whospokejustnow?
3.Youcantakeanything(that)youlike.(宾语)
4.Whatisthequestion(that/which)theyaretalkingabout?
5.Hereistheman(who/whom/that)youwanttosee.
6.She’snolongerthegirl(that)sheusedtobebefore.(表语)
7.Ourhometownisnolongertheone(that)itusedtobe.
=Ourhometownisnotthesameasitusedtobe.
=Ourhometownisdifferentfromwhatitusedtobe.(宾语从句)
=Ourhometownisnotwhatitusedtobe.(表语从句)
【考点】当先行词既有人又有物的时候,关系代词往往要用that。
【考题链接】
Theoldcoupletalkedforalmosttwohoursaboutthemenandthings________theycouldremember.
A.whichB.whenC.thatD.who
答案:
C
解题思路:
先行词既有人又有物,要用为that引导定语从句。
二)which:
①指物;
②在定语从句中作主语,宾语,表语,定语。
【例句】
1.Thebookwhich/thatwasonthedeskwasboughtbymyfather.(主语)
2.Thebook(which/that)Iboughtyesterdayisveryinteresting.(宾语)
3.Thefactoryinwhichhisfatherworksisfarfromhere.
4.Hewasproud,whichhisbrotherneverwas.(表语)
5.Tomspentfouryearsincollege,duringwhichtimehelearnedFrench.(定语)
6.Hemaybelate,inwhichcaseweoughttowaitforhim.(定语)
【考点】which作定语往往是高考中的热点和难点。
Markwasastudentatthisuniversityfrom1999to2003,____hestudiedveryhardandwasmadeChairmanoftheStudents’Union.
A.duringwhichtimeB.forwhichtimeC.duringwhosetimeD.bythattime
A
这里的which作定语修饰time。
三)who,whom,whose:
①who:
主格,在从句中作主语,在口语或非正式用法中可作宾语;
只可指人。
②whom:
宾格,在从句中作宾语;
③whose:
属格,在从句中作定语,既可指人也可指物。
1.Ilikethestudentswho/thatworkhard.(主语)
2.Allwhoheardthestorywereamazed.(代词如he,they,any,those,all,one等后多用who。
)
3.Chaplin,forwhomlifehadoncebeenveryhard,wasasuccessasanactor.(宾语)
4.He’samanfromwhomweshouldlearn.(宾语)
=He’saman(whom/who/that)weshouldlearnfrom.
5.比较:
Heisthestudentwhomyouthinktobeworthyofyourpraise.(宾语)
Heisthestudentwhoyouthinkisworthpraising.(主语)
6.Achildwhoseparentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.(指人)
7.I’dlikearoomwhosewindowfacessouth.(指物)
=I’dlikearoomofwhichthewindowfacessouth.
=I’dlikearoomthewindowofwhichfacessouth.
8.ThereisateapotshapedlikeaChineseduck,outofwhosemouthteaissupposedtocome.
【考点】whose既可指人又可指物,用来表示所属关系。
是高考考查的热点。
Iliveinthehouse____windowsfacesouth.
A.ofwhichB.whoseC.whereD.inthat
B
这里house与windows存在所属关系,所以whose是正确答案。
四)as
①as引导定语从句,在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语。
②如为限制性定语从句,多用于thesame…as;
thesameas;
such…as…;
asmany/muchas;
so…as等结构中。
Ihavethesamebookasyou(have).(宾语)
Herattitudetohimwasquitethesameasithadalwaysbeen.(宾语)
(关系代词as和指示代词same连用,在从句中用作表语,先行词是same。
—Whydidn’tyoumentionthatinfaceofthepolicejustnow?
—Ithoughtitwassuchaminordetailaswashardlyworthmentioning.(主语)
Wewillonlydiscusssuchproblemsashavesomethingtodowithourowninterests.(主语)
Don’tdosuchthingsasyouarenotsureabout.(宾语)
比较:
Iliveinthesamehousethatheusedtolivein.(同一房子)
I’mwearingthesameshirtasyouworeyesterday.(两件衬衫)
Hereissobigastoneasnoonecanlift.(定语从句)
Hereissobigastonethatnoonecanliftit.(结果状语从句)
③如为非限制性定语从句,as多单独引导一个定语从句,这种定语从句可置于句首,句中或句尾,译为“正如,这一点”。
(动词常为know,see,expect,pointout,etc。
1.Asweallknow,smokingisharmfultoone'
shealth.(as作宾语)
=Asisknowntoall,smokingisharmfultoone'
shealth.(as作主语)
=It'
sknowntoallthatsmokingisharmfultoone'
shealth.
=Smokingisharmfultoone'
shealth,asweallknow.(as作宾语)
=Smoking,asweallknow,isharmfultoone'
2.Hewasaforeigner,asIknewfromhisaccent.(as作宾语,先行词是其前的整个句子)
①Weshouldreadsuchbooks____willmakeusbetterandwiser.
A.whenB.asC.whoseD.what
先行词被such修饰,要用as引导定语从句。
②Youmustshowmywifethesamerespect____youshowme.
先行词前有same修饰时,定语从句往往要用as引导。
III.关系副词引导的定语从句:
一)when
①指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语。
②其先行词是表时间的名词(如:
time,day,week,year,month,etc。
1.HecamelastnightwhenIwasout.
2.Wewillputoffthepicnicuntilnextweek,whentheweatherwouldbebetter.
【考点】先行词为“时间名词”
①可用when引导定语从句,when在定语从句中作时间状语;
②还可用which或that引导定语从句,which或that在从句中作主语或宾语。
1.Istillrememberthedaywhenmybrotherjoinedthearmy.
Nextmonth,whenyouwillbeinyourhometown,isjustaroundthecorner.(作时间状语)
2.Istillrememberthedayswhich/thatwespenttogether.
Nextwinterwhich/thatyou’llspendinHarbin,I’msure,willbeexciting.(作宾语)
3.IshallneverforgetthedaywhenShenZhouⅤwaslaunched,whichhasagreateffectonmylife.(作状语)
Thereareoccasionswhenjokingisnotpermissible.(作状语)
①Doyourememberthosedays____wespentalongtheseashoreveryhappily?
②Doyourememberthosedays____weplayedalongtheseashoreveryhappily?
A.whenB.whereC.whichD.who
C/A
第一小题中选择which是因为spend为及物动词,which作其宾语,而第二小题中的played为不及物动词,所以用when作时间状语。
二)where先行词为“地点名词”
①指地点,在定语从句中作地点状语。
②其先行词是表示地点的名词,如:
place,school,factory,room,etc。
1.ThisistheplacewhereIwasborn.
2.Iliveintheroomwhere/inwhichheusedtolive.
【考点】①定语从句可用where引导。
②定语从句可用which或that引导,which/that在从句中作主语或宾语。
1.Thisisthefactorywhere/inwhichheworkedlastyear.(作状语)
Thetreatmentwillcontinueuntilthepatientreachesthepointwherehecanwalkcorrectlyandsafely.(作状语)
Ithinkyouhavegottothepointwhereachangeisneeded,oryouwouldfail.(作状语)
Governmentreports,legalpapersandmostbusinesslettersarethemainsituationswhereEnglishisused.(作状语)
He’sgothimselfintoadangeroussituationwherehe’slikelytolosecontroloftheplane.(作状语)
ThesmallmountainvillagewherewespentourholidaylastmonthliesintheplacewhichisnowpartofHubei.(作状语,作主语)
2.Thisistheparkwhich/thattheyvisitedlastyear.(作宾语)
Nothavingbeentherebefore,hesimplyhadnoideaabouttheplace,whicheveryonesaysisworthvisiting.(作主语)
①Thisistheschool____wevisitedthreedaysago.
A.whereB./C.whenD.what
设空处省略了关系代词that或which,在定语从句中作visited的宾语。
②Thisisthefactory____weworkedayearago.
A.whereB.thatC.whichD.onwhich
设空处后面的句子是完整的,所以where作地点状语。
三)why
①指原因,在定语从句中作原因状语。
②先行词为reason时,可用forwhich指代;
③当关系词在从句中作主语或宾语时,则用which或that引导。
Thereasonwhy/forwhich/(that)hedidn’tattendthemeetingwasthathewasill.(作状语)
Idon’tbelievethereason(that/which)hegaveme.(作宾语)
Haveyouaskedhimthereasonthatmayexplainhissuccess?
(作主语)
①Doyouknowthereason____shehaschangedhermind?
②Doyouknowthereason____shegaveforherbeingabsent?
A.whyB.whichC.forthatD.ofwhich
A\B
第一小题中成分完整,所以选why作原因状语,而第二小题选which作gave的宾语。
四)当先行词为way时。
①定语从句常用that,inwhich或how引导,that常可省略。
②如果关系词在句中作主语或宾语时,则用which或that引导。
Thisistheway(that)/inwhichIdosuchthings.
Pleasedotheexperimentintheway(that/which)Ihaveshownyou.
Idon’tlike____youspeaktoher.
A.thewayB.thewayinthatC.thewaywhichD.thewayofwhich
way后的定语从句有三种情况,A项是其中一种。
IV.几组引导词的区别:
(A)that&
which:
不用which的情况:
(1)先行词为不定代词或被不定代词修饰时,如all,much,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,theone等。
【例句】Weshoulddoallthatisusefultothepeople.
There’snothingthatcanbesaidaboutit.
Doyoumeantheonethatwasboughtyesterday?
Finally,thethiefhandedovereverything____hehadstolentothepolice.
A.thatB.whichC.whateverD.all
先行词为everything,定语从句的引导词要用that。
(2)先行词被only,any,few,little,no,just,very,oneof等词修饰时。
Theonlythingthatwecoulddowastowait.
That’stheverywordthatiswronglyused.
Thelastplace(that)wevisitedwasthechemicalworks.
Youcantakeanyseatthatisfree.
IhopethelittlethatIcanwillbeofsomehelptothem.
比较*Thisisoneofthebestnovelsthatwerepublishedlastyear.
*Thisistheonlyoneofthebestnovelsthatwaspublishedlastyear.
Thisistheveryletter____camelastnight.
A.whoB.whichC.thatD.as
先行词前面有very修饰,后面的定语从句要用that来引导。
(3)先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。
WhenwetalkaboutWuxi,thefirstthatcomesintomindisTaiLake.
Thisisthethirdfilmthathasbeenshowninourschoolthisterm.
(4)先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时。
Thisisthebestthatcanbedonenow.
Themostimportantthingthatshouldbedonerightnowishowtostophimfromgoingon.
(5)先行词既有人又有物,用which和who都不适合,要用that。
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- 选修7 Unit SharingGrammar定语从句 选修 SharingGrammar 定语 从句
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