陕西省咸阳市高考英语二轮复习 阅读理解选练4Word文档格式.docx
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陕西省咸阳市高考英语二轮复习 阅读理解选练4Word文档格式.docx
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kind;
type;
category;
class;
form
表评论、评价
comment(on);
remark(on/upon);
assessment
表方式、方法
means;
way;
method;
approach(todoingsth.)
表问题
problem;
question;
issue
表建议
suggestion;
advice;
tip
表要求、需求
demand;
need;
requirement;
qualification
表态度、观点
attitude;
idea;
opinion;
viewpoint;
view
表情绪、感觉
feeling;
emotion;
motivation
表用途、功能
use;
usage;
function
表步骤
step;
procedure;
process
表描述
description;
appearance;
look;
color;
size;
length;
width;
distance;
height;
shape;
name;
age;
cost;
event
表关系
relation;
relationship;
connection
表来源、历史
history;
source;
origin
表异同
difference;
similarity
表影响、结果
effect(on);
influence;
impact;
result;
consequence
表反应
response;
reaction
表措施、行动
measure;
action;
activity;
behavior
表定义
definition
表利弊
benefit;
advantage;
disadvantage;
convenience
表质量、数量
quality;
quantity;
amount;
number
表情形、状况
situation;
condition
表建立
build;
create;
establish;
found
表必要、必需
must;
necessity
表实现、完成
reach;
realize;
accomplish
表重要
value;
importance;
significance
表比较
contrast;
comparison
表背景
setting;
background
任务型阅读常见同义转换
1.takeadvantageof=makeuseof
2.byaccident/chance=accidentally
3.takesth.intoconsideration/account=consider
4.inall/total=totally
5.opposesth.=beagainststh.=objecttosth.=disagreewithsth.
6.inthebeginning=atfirst
7.beresponsiblefor=take/shoulder/bearresponsibilityfor
8.takeanactivepartinsth.=takepartinsth.actively
9.approveof=infavorof=agreeto=favor=subscribeto
10.havefaith/trustin=trust=believein
11.outofbreath=breathlessly
12.copewith=dealwith=handle
13.inahurry/rush=hurriedly
14.despite=inspiteof
15.valuable=beofvalue
16.makeanapology=apologize
17.encourageparticipationin=takepartin=playarolein=participatein
18.understandclearly=haveaclearunderstandingof
19.matter=count=beveryimportant=beofimportance=makesense=makeadifference
20.explain=makeanexplanation
21.offersth.tosb.=providesb.withsth.=supplysth.tosb.
22.haveaccessto=beaccessibleto=beavailableto
23.useup=runoutof
24.stop=quit=giveup
25.beaccusedof=bechargedwith
26.mostofthepeople=themajorityofthepeople
27.benefit=bebeneficialto=beofbenefitto
28.catertoone’sneeds/demands/requirements=satisfyone’sneeds/demands/requirements=meetone’sneeds/demands/requirements
29.starvetodeath=dieofhunger/starvation
30.allatonce=allofasudden=suddenly
31.inparticular=particularly
32.deliberately=onpurpose
33.outofthequestion=impossible=lesslikely
34.taketheriskofdoingsth.=riskdoingsth.
35.respectsb.=showrespectforsb.=lookuptosb.=berespectfultosb.
36.prepare=makepreparationsfor=getreadyfor
37.takein=absorb
38.appear=turnup=showup
39.giveadescriptionof=describe
40.leadto=cause=bringabout=resultin
41.bedifferentfrom=differfrom
42.commitsuicide=killoneself
43.succeedindoingsth.=managetodosth.
44.beinresponsetosth.=respondto=reactto
45.makeupsomethingnew=invent
46.apersonwithaphysicaldisability=adisabledperson
47.gothrough=experience
48.varietiesof=differentkindsof=avarietyof=various
49.makecontributionsto=contributeto
50.standfor=represent
51.bewillingtodosth.=dosth.willingly
52.givepermissionto=permit
53.thatistosay=inotherwords=namely
54.cometosb’said=aid
55.damage=causedamageto
56.alltheyearround=throughouttheyear
57.inanycase=atanyrate=atanyprice/cost
58.withoutdoubt=undoubtedly
59.makeanimpression=impress
60.putupwith=stand=bear=endure
以2013江苏高考题为例
QuietVirtue:
TheConscientious
Theeverydaysignsofconscientiousness(认真尽责)—beingpunctual,carefulindoingwork,self-disciplined,andscrupulous(一丝不苟的)inattendingtoresponsibilities—aretypicalcharacteristicsofthemodelorganizationalcitizen,thepeoplewhokeepthingsrunningastheyshould.Theyfollowtherules,helpout,andareconcernedaboutthepeopletheyworkwith.It’stheconscientiousworkerwhohelpsnewcomersorupdatespeoplewhoreturnafteranabsence,whogetstoworkontimeandneverabusessickleaves,whoalwaysgetsthingsdoneondeadline.
Conscientiousnessisakeytosuccessinanyfield.Instudiesofjobperformance,outstandingeffectivenessforalmostalljobs,fromsemi-skilledlabortosalesandmanagement,dependsonconscientiousness.Itisparticularlyimportantforoutstandingperformanceinjobsatthelowerlevelsofanorganization:
thesecretarywhosemessagetakingisperfect,thedeliverytruckdriverwhoisalwaysontime.
AmongsalesrepresentativesforalargeAmericancarmanufacturer,thosewhoweremostconscientioushadthelargestvolumeofsales.Conscientiousnessalsooffersabuffer(缓冲)againstthethreatofjoblossintoday’sconstantlychangingmarket,becauseemployeeswiththisqualityareamongthemostvalued.Forthesalesrepresentatives,theirlevelofconscientiousnessmatteredalmostasmuchastheirsalesindeterminingwhostayedon.
Thereisanairaroundhighlyconscientiouspeoplethatmakesthemseemevenbetterthantheyactuallyare.Theirreputationfordependabilityinfluencesmanagers’evaluationsoftheirwork,givingthemhigherevaluationsthanobjectivemeasuresoftheirperformancewouldpredict.
Butconscientiousnessintheabsenceofsocialskillscanleadtoproblems.Sinceconscientiouspeopledemandsomuchofthemselves,theycanholdotherpeopletotheirownstandards,andsobeoverlyjudgmentalwhenothersdon’tshowthesamehighlevelsofmodelbehavior.FactoryworkersinGreatBritainandtheUnitedStateswhowereextremelyconscientious,forexample,tendedtocriticizeco-workersevenaboutfailuresthatseemedunimportanttothosetheycriticized,whichdamagedtheirrelationships.
Whenconscientiousnesstakestheformoflivinguptoexpectations,itcandiscouragecreativity.Increativeprofessionslikeartoradvertising,opennesstowildideasandspontaneity(自发性)arescarceandindemand.Successinsuchoccupationscallsforabalance,however;
withoutenoughconscientiousnesstofollowthrough,peoplebecomemeredreamers,withnothingtoshowfortheirimaginativeness.
【解题步骤】
1.通读全文,掌握大意,理顺文章结构。
读懂文章是解题的第一环。
要特别注意小标题,它通常是段落和表格的主题句。
标题有助于理解文章的大意和表格的结构。
2.对照表格,比照阅读,试填答案,先易后难。
在本例题中,通览表格后,我们不难发现,第一大栏与文章第一段对应;
第二大栏与文章第二、三段对应;
第三大栏与文章最后三段对应。
掌握了整体对应关系后,我们就可以逐一试填答案,通过复读文章相应的段落,得出答案。
试填的过程中,遵循“先易后难,各个击破”的原则。
3.复核答案,注意词性、词形的正确性。
试填完成后,要复读表格内容,注意检查答案。
检查的内容:
句子是否通顺,大小写、词性或拼写是否正确,句意与原文是否一致等。
【技巧剖析】
1.捕捉信息
捕捉信息题首先要浏览表格,借助图表结构抓住文章主旨、结构层次以及文章的脉络,并确定表格中某一行或某一列与文章中某一段落之间的对应关系。
在文章中标出与表格中空格前后给出的关键词句相符合或一致的句子。
如:
第75题由第二段第二句Instudiesofjobperformance,outstandingeffectivenessforalmostalljobs…中的performance可知答案。
第78题由第四段的…givingthemhigherevaluationsthanobjectivemeasuresoftheirperformancewouldpredict中的higher可知答案。
第80题由第六段的…itcandiscouragecreativity中的discourage可知答案。
2.组织信息
组织信息题的答案是不能直接在文章中找到原词的,这需要我们对文章进行加工或变通,通常与语法知识、短语和句型有关。
考查学生对于有效信息的理解和加工能力。
需要考生在捕捉到相关信息之后,将其进行同义转换。
(1)词性转换
72.helpful/good
【解析】第一段中的It’stheconscientiousworkerwhohelpsnewcomersorupdatespeople…中的动词help转化而来,而good意思相近,也可作为答案。
76.fired/dismissed/jobless
【解析】第三段的Conscientiousnessalsooffersabufferagainstthethreatofjoblossintoday’sconstantlychangingmarket…可知,他们不容易失去工作,名词转化为动词,可得到答案。
jobless也符合句意。
(2)表达方式的变化
71.strict
【解析】根据第一段中讲述的尽职尽责的人的特点:
beingpunctual,carefulindoingwork,self-disciplined,andscrupulousinattendingtoresponsibilities可知,他们守时、工作细心、自律、一丝不苟,这些都说明他们对自己要求很严格,构成bestrictwith“对……要求严格”。
74.running/working/going/operating/functioning
【解析】根据第一段中的…thepeoplewhokeepthingsrunningastheyshould可知,第74空应该是认真的人使得机构运营得很好。
故此处应用动词run的现在分词作宾补或与其同义的operate,go,function,work的适当形式。
79.tense/damaged/poor/bad
【解析】根据第五段中的…andsobeoverlyjudgmentalwhenothersdon’tshowthesamehighlevelsofmodelbehavior.FactoryworkersinGreatBritainandtheUnitedStateswhowereextremelyconscientious,forexample,tendedtocriticizeco-workers…可知,他们对同事苛求,可能更容易批评同事,从而造成人际关系紧张。
3.综合概括
综合概括题通常要求考生概括文章的主题或行(列)的标题。
大多是归纳某一段落的大意,有时是概括全文的主旨。
通常我们可以从下面的单元格向上概括,或从右边的单元格向左归纳。
73.Functions/Roles/Importance/Significance
【解析】根据第二、三段以及表格右栏讲述的责任心强的人使得机构运营得很好,责任心强的雇员有杰出的表现等可知本栏讲的是责任心的作用或者重要性。
77.problems/troubles
【解析】从表格右栏里的内容和第五段的第一句Butconscientiousnessintheabsenceofsocialskillscanleadtoproblems可知答案。
阅读理解
AlthoughIstartedlearningEnglishduringmycollegeyears,whenIenteredtheStates,IonlyunderstoodtwoEnglishwords“Yes”and“No”.WelearnedmanygrammarrulesbutwecouldnotmakethelanguageconnectionstotherealEnglishworld.Languagefrustrationworriesalmostallfirstgenerationimmigrants.Forexample,IgotaletterfromaChinese-AmericanwhohaslivedintheStatesforalongtimeandhasagoodITjobsaying“My11-year-oldgirlwritesquitewell,butasherparents,wecouldnotevenreadherarticle.”Inaddition,myChinese-Americanprofessorfriendhasdifficultyreadinganovel.ImprovingourEnglishskillshasbecomealongjou
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