自考英语本科《英美文学选读》重要资料文档格式.docx
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自考英语本科《英美文学选读》重要资料文档格式.docx
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一、学习目的和要求
通过本章学习,了解文艺复兴运动和人文主义思潮产生的历史,文化背景,认识该时期文学创作的基本特征和基本主张,及其对同时代及后世英国文学乃至文化的影响;
了解该时期重要作家的文学生涯,创作思想,艺术特色及其代表作品的主题结构,人物刻画,语言风格,思想意义等;
同时结合注释,读懂所选作品,了解其思想内容和写作特色,培养理解和欣赏文学作品的能力。
二、考核要求
(一)文艺复兴时期概述
1.识记:
(1)文艺复兴时期的界定
(2)历史文化背景
2.领会:
(1)文艺复兴运动的意义与影响
(2)文艺复兴时期的文学特点
(3)人文主义的主张及对文学的影响
3.应用:
文艺复兴,人文主义及玄学诗等名词的解释
BriefIntroductiontotheRenaissancePeriod
I.应用
DefinitionsoftheLiteraryTerms:
1.TheRenaissance:
TheRenaissancemarksatransitionfromthemedievaltothemodernworld.Generally,itreferstotheperiodbetweenthe14th&
17thcenturies.ItfirststartedinItaly,withthefloweringofpainting,sculpture&
literature.FromItalythemovementwenttoembracetherestofEurope.TheRenaissance,whichmeans\"
rebirth\"
or\"
revival,\"
isactuallyamovementstimulatedbyaseriesofhistoricalevents,suchasthere-discoveryofancientRoman&
Greekculture,thenewdiscoveriesingeography&
astrology,thereligiousreformation&
theeconomicexpansion.TheRenaissance,therefore,inessenceisahistoricalperiodinwhichtheEuropeanhumanistthinkers&
scholarsmadeattemptstogetridofthoseoldfeudalistideasinmedievalEurope,tointroducenewideasthatexpressedtheinterestsoftherisingbourgeoisie,&
torecoverthepurityoftheearlychurchfromthecorruptionoftheRomanCatholicChurch.
2.Humanism:
HumanismistheessenceoftheRenaissance.ItsprangfromtheendeavortorestoreamedievalreverencefortheancientauthorsandisfrequentlytakenasthebeginningoftheRenaissanceonitsconscious,intellectualside,fortheGreekandRomancivilizationwasbasedonsuchaconceptionthatmanisthemeasureofallthings.Throughthenewlearning,humanistsnotonlysawtheartsofsplendorandenlightenment,butthehumanvaluesrepresentedintheworks.Renaissancehumanistsfoundintheclassicsajustificationtoexalthumannatureandcametoseethathumanbeingsweregloriouscreaturescapableofindividualdevelopmentinthedirectionofperfections,andthattheworldtheyinhabitedwastheirsnottodespisebuttoquestion,explore,andenjoy.Thus,byemphasizingthedignityofhumanbeingsandtheimportanceofthepresentlife,theyvoicedtheirbeliefsthatmandidnotonlyhavetherighttoenjoythebeautyofthislife,buthadtheabilitytoperfecthimselfandtoperformwonders.ThomasMore,ChristopherMarloweandWilliamShakespearearethebestrepresentativesoftheEnglishhumanists.
3.Spenserianstanza:
SpenserianstanzawasinventedbyEdmundSpenser.Itisastanzaofninelines,withthefirsteightlinesiniambicpentameter&
thelastlineiniambichexameter,rhymingababbcbcc.
4.Metaphysicalpoetry:
Theterm\"
metaphysicalpoetry\"
iscommonlyusedtonametheworkofthe17thcenturywriterswhowroteundertheinfluenceofJohnDonne.Witharebelliousspirit,themetaphysicalpoetstriedtobreakawayfromtheconventionalfashionoftheElizabethanlovepoetry.ThedictionissimpleascomparedwiththatoftheElizabethanortheNeoclassicperiods,andechoesthewordsandcadencesofcommonspeech.Theimageryindrawnfromtheactuallife.Theformisfrequentlythatofanargumentwiththepoet\'
sbeloved,withGod,orwithhimself.
5.TheRenaissancehero:
ARenaissanceheroreferstoonecreatedbyChristopherMarloweinhisdrama.Suchaheroisalwaysindividualisticandfullofambition,facingbravelythechallengefrombothgodsandmen.HeembodiesMarlowe\'
shumanisticidesofhumandignityandcapacity.Differentfromthetragicheroinmedievalplays,whoseeksthewaytoheaventhroughsalvationandgod\'
swill,heisagainstconventionalmoralityandcontrivestoobtainheavenonearththroughhisownefforts.Withtheendlessaspirationforpower,knowledge,andglory,theherointerpretsthetrueRenaissancespirit.BothTamburlaineandFaustusaretypicalinpossessingsuchaspirit.
(二)该时期的重要作家
1.一般识记:
重要作家的文学生涯
2.识记:
重要作品及主要内容
3.领会:
重要作家的创作思想,艺术特色及其代表作品的主题结构,人物塑造,语言风格,艺术手法,社会意义等。
4.应用:
(1)莎士比亚和邓恩诗歌的主题,意象
(2)喜剧《威尼斯商人》的主题和主要人物性格分析
(3)哈姆雷特的性格分析
(4)史诗《失乐园》的结构,人物性格,语言特点等的分析
I.EdmundSpenser
1.一般识记
BriefIntroductiontotheAuthor
Englishpoet,borninLondon,England,about1552,anddiedinLondon,Jan13,1599.
2.识记HisMajorWorks
Spenser\'
smostimportantwork&
masterpieceisTheFaerieQueene,agreatpoemofitsage.Acomplexmoral,religious,&
politicalallegory,itisalsoanepicthatexaltsQueenElizabethⅠ&
theEnglishnation.AccordingtoSpenser\'
sownexplanation,hisprincipalintentionistopresentthrougha\"
historicalpoem\"
theexampleofaperfectgentleman:
\"
tofashionagentlemanornoblepersoninvirtuous&
gentlediscipline.\"
ItsprincipalheroistheArthurofmedievallegend.Thesixbooksofthepoemillustratethenatureofparticularvirtues,suchas,temperance&
justice.OthermajorworksofSpenserareTheShepheardesCalender(1579),apoemconsistingof12eclogues-correspondingtothe12monthsoftheyear;
Epithalamion(1595),apoemexpressingthedeeppersonalfeelingsoccasionedbythepoetssecondmarriage;
Amoretti(1595),aseriesofsonnets.
3.领会HisInfluence
1)MainqualitiesofSpenser\'
spoetry
①aperfectmelody
②araresenseofbeauty
③asplendidimagination
④aloftymoralpurity&
seriousness
⑤adedicatedidealism
2)Inhiswriting,Spenserdrewontheconventions&
thoughtofClassical,medieval,&
Renaissanceliterature.However,headdedtohisfusionofthesediverseelementsmuchthatwasoriginal,&
hisworksinspiredmanylaterEnglishpoets.Hecreatedanewstanza,calledtheSpenserianstanza,whichiswellsuitedtonarrativeverse.HisskillsinwritingmelodiousEnglishverse&
hiscombinationofemotion,erudition,&
spiritualvisionhavewonhimtheadmirationofgenerationsofEnglishpoets.Itishisidealism,hisloveofbeauty,&
hisexquisitemelodythatmakehimknownas\"
thepoets\'
poet.\"
4.应用
TheFaerieQueene:
1)Itisalong,allegoricalpoem.Inthepoem,Spenserdramatizedpolitical,religious,&
moralthemesbypersonifyingthem,ormakingthemcharacters.
2)Plot:
Thestory,whichissetagainstabackgroundofArthur&
medievallegend,dealswiththeadventuresofsixknightsofthecourtofthefairyqueennamedGloriana,whorepresentsQueenElizabethⅠofEnglish.
ThefaerieQueenwasleftunfinishedatSpenser\'
sdeath.Itwasoriginallyplannedasa12-bookpoem.Butonly6bookswerecompleted.Thepoemisparticularlyadmiredforthemelodicbeautyofitslanguage&
foritsrichcontentofphilosophical&
mythologicalmaterialpresentedintheformofvividnarratives.
II.ChristopherMarlowe
BriefIntroduction
Englishdramatist&
poet,borninCanterbury,England,Feb,6,1567,diedinDeptford,England,May30,1593.MarlowewasthefirstgreatEnglishDramatist.HebroughttotheEnglishstageanewconceptoftragedy,oneinwhichthedramacentersaroundthestrugglesofamanoverwhelmedbyhispassions&
ambitions.
2.识记
HisMajorWorks
HismostfamoustragediesareDoctorFaustus,TheJewofMalta,Tamburlaine&
EdwardⅡ.Inhisplays,Marloweusedblankverse,whichhemoldedintoasuperbinstrumentforexpressingintenseemotions.AfterhisdevelopmentofblankverseitbecamethestandardmediumforEnglishdramatic&
epicpoetry.Hisnon-dramaticpoetryincludesHero&
Leander,\"
thePassionateshepherdtoHislove,\"
&
aversetranslationofOvid\'
sAmores.
Marlowe\'
sDoctorFaustus(about1589),generallyconsideredhisbestplay,wasbasedonarealDr.Faustus,whowaslaterassociatedwithamedievallegendofamansellinghissoultothedevil.Theplay\'
sdominantmoralishumanratherthanreligious.Itcelebratesthehumanpassionforknowledge,power&
happiness;
italsorevealsman\'
sfrustrationinrealizingthehighaspirationsinahostilemoralorder.Thelastscene,inwhichFaustusconfrontshisdoom,brilliantlyrendersthefear&
agonyofacondemnedman.
TheJewofMalta(about1589)illustratesMarlowe\'
soutstandingportrayalofcharacter.Itshero,BarabastheJew,servedasthemodelforShylockinShakespeare\'
sTheMerchantofVenice.Inabout1592.MarlowewroteoneofthefirstsuccessfulEnglishhistoricaldramas,EdwardⅡ。
Itishismostdramaticallymatureplay&
exhibitshismasteryofcharacterization,stagecraft&
rhetoric.
Tamburlaineisaplayaboutanambitious&
pitilessTartarconquerorinthefourteenthcenturywhorosefromashepherdtoanoverpoweringKing.Bydepictingagreatherowithhighambition&
sheerbrutalforceinconqueringonee
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