高校许多大学生受到鼓舞去贫困地区支教Word格式文档下载.docx

高校许多大学生受到鼓舞去贫困地区支教Word格式文档下载.docx

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2.支教活动的意义。

　　3.我的看法。

　　提示:

在实考试卷中，该试题在答题卡1上。

　　Aid--EducationinChina

　　PartⅡReadingComprehension（SkimmingandScanning）（15minutes）

Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,mark

　　Y（forYES）ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage;

　　N（forNO）ifthestatementcontradictstheinformationgiveninthepassage;

　　NG（forNOTGIVEN）iftheinformationisnotgiveninthepassage.

　　Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswithinformationgiveninthepassage.

　　WillWeRunOutofWater?

　　Picturea“ghostship”sinkingintothesand,lefttorotondrylandbyarecedingsea.Thenimagineduststormssweepinguptoxicpesticidesandchemicalfertilizersfromthedryseabedandspewingthemacrosstownsandvillages.

　　Seemlikeascenefromamovieabouttheendoftheworld?

ForpeoplelivingneartheAralsea（咸海）inCentralAsia,it’salltooreal.Thirtyyearsago,governmentplannersdivertedtheriversthatflowintotheseainordertoirrigate（providewaterfor）farmland.Asaresult,theseahasshrunktohalfitsoriginalsize,stranding（使搁浅）shipsondryland.Theseawaterhastripledinsaltcontentandbecomepolluted,killingall24nativespeciesoffish.

　　Similarlarge--scaleeffortstoredirectwaterinotherpartsoftheworldhavealsoendedinecologicalcrisis,accordingtonumerousenvironmentalgroups.Butmanycountriescontinuetobuildmassivedamsandirrigationsystems,eventhoughsuchprojectscancreatemoreproblemsthantheyfix.Why?

Peopleinmanypartsoftheworldaredesperateforwater,andmorepeoplewillneedmorewaterinthenextcentury.

　　“Growingpopulationswillworsenproblemswithwater,”saysPeterH.Gleick,anenvironmentalscientistatthePacificInstituteforstudiesinDevelopment,Environment,andSecurity,aresearchorganizationinCalifornia.Hefearsthatbytheyear2025,asmanyasone--thirdoftheworld’sprojected（预测的）8.3billionpeoplewillsufferfromwatershortages.

　　WHEREWATERGOES

　　Only2.5percentofallwateronEarthisfreshwater,watersuitablefordrinkingandgrowingfood,saysSandraPostel,directoroftheGlobalWaterPolicyProjectinAmherst,Mass.Two--thirdsofthisfreshwaterislockedinglaciers（冰山）andicecaps（冰盖）.Infact,onlyatinypercentageoffreshwaterispartofthewatercycle,inwhichwaterevaporatesandrisesintotheatmosphere,thencondensesandfallsbacktoEarthasprecipitation（rainorsnow）.

　　Someprecipitationrunsofflandtolakesandoceans,andsomebecomesgroundwater,waterthatseepsintotheearth.MuchofthisrenewablefreshwaterendsupinremoteplacesliketheAmazonriverbasininBrazil,wherefewpeoplelive.Infact,theworld’spopulationhasaccesstoonly12,500cubickilometersoffreshwater—abouttheamountofwaterinLakeSuperior（苏必利尔湖）.Andpeopleusehalfofthisamountalready.“Ifwaterdemandcontinuestoclimbrapidly,”saysPostel,“therewillbesevereshortagesanddamagetotheaquatic（水的）environment.”

　　CLOSETOHOME

　　Waterwoes（灾难）mayseemremotetopeoplelivinginrichcountriesliketheUnitedStates.ButAmericanscouldfaceseriouswatershortages,tooespeciallyinareasthatrelyongroundwater.Groundwateraccumulatesinaquifers（地下蓄水层），layersofsandandgravelthatliebetweensoilandbedrock.（Foreveryliterofsurfacewater,morethan90litersarehiddenunderground.）AlthoughtheUnitedStateshaslargeaquifers,farmers,ranchers,andcitiesaretappingmanyofthemforwaterfasterthannaturecanreplenish（补充）it.InnorthwestTexas,forexample,overpumpinghasshrunkgroundwatersuppliesby25percent,accordingtoPostel.

　　Americansmayfaceevenmoreurgentproblemsfrompollution.DrinkingwaterintheUnitedStatesisgenerallysafeandmeetshighstandards.Nevertheless,oneinfiveAmericanseverydayunknowinglydrinkstapwatercontaminatedwithbacteriaandchemicalwastes,accordingtotheEnvironmentalProtectionAgency.InMilwaukee,400,000peoplefellillin1993afterdrinkingtapwatertaintedwithcryptosporidium（隐孢子虫），amicrobe（微生物）thatcausesfever,diarrhea（腹泻）andvomiting.

　　THESOURCE

　　Wheresocontaminantscomefrom?

Indevelopingcountries,peopledumpraw（未经处理的）sewage（污水）intothesamestreamsandriversfromwhichtheydrawwaterfordrinkingandcooking;

about250millionpeopleayeargetsickfromwaterborne（饮水传染的）diseases.

　　Indevelopedcountries,manufacturersuse100,000chemicalcompoundstomakeawiderangeofproducts.Toxicchemicalspollutewaterwhenreleaseduntreatedintoriversandlakes.（Certaincompounds,suchaspolychlorinatedbiphenyls（多氯化联二苯），orPCBs,havebeenbannedintheUnitedStates.）

　　Butalmosteveryonecontributestowaterpollution.Peopleoftenpourhouseholdcleaners,carantifreeze,andpaintthinners（稀释剂）downthedrain;

allofthesecontainhazardouschemicals.ScientistsstudyingwaterintheSanFranciscoBayreportedin1996that70percentofthepollutantscouldbetracedtohouseholdwaste.

　　Farmershavebeencriticizedforoverusingherbicidesandpesticides,chemicalsthatkillweedsandinsectsbutinsectsbutthatpollutewateraswell.Farmersalsousenitrates,nitrogen--richfertilizerthathelpsplantsgrowbutthatcanwreakhavoc（大破坏）ontheenvironment.Nitratesaresweptawaybysurfacerunofftolakesandseas.Toomanynitrates“overenrich”thesebodiesofwater,encouragingthebuildupofalgae,ormicroscopicplantsthatliveonthesurfaceofthewater.Algaedeprivethewaterofoxygenthatfishneedtosurvive,attimeschokingofflifeinanentirebodyofwater.

　　WHAT’STHESOLUTION?

　　WaterexpertGleickadvocatesconservationandlocalsolutionstowater--relatedproblems;

governments,forinstance,wouldbebetteroffbuildingsmall--scaledamsratherthanhugeanddisruptiveprojectsliketheonethatruinedtheAralSea.

　　“Morethan1billionpeopleworldwidedon’thaveaccesstobasiccleandrinkingwater,”saysGleick.“Therehastobeastrongpushonthepartofeveryone—governmentsandordinarypeople—tomakesurewehavearesourcesofundamentaltolife.”

在实考试卷中，8-10题在答题卡1上。

　　1.ThatthehugewaterprojectshavedivertedtheriverscausestheAralSeatoshrink.

　　2.Theconstructionofmassivedamsandirrigationprojectsdoesmoregoodthanharm.

　　3.Thechiefcausesofwatershortagearepopulationgrowthandwaterpollution.

　　4.TheproblemsAmericansfaceconcerningwateraregroundwatershrinkageandtapwaterpollution.

　　5.Accordingtothepassageallwaterpollutantscomefromhouseholdwaste.

　　6.ThepeoplelivingintheUnitedStateswillnotbefacedwithwatershortages.

　　7.WaterexpertGleickhascomeupwiththebestsolutiontowater—relatedproblems.

　　8.AccordingtoPeterH.Gleick,bytheyear2025,asmanyasoftheworld’speoplewillsufferfromwatershortages.

　　9.TwothirdsofthefreshwateronEarthislockedin.

　　10.Indevelopedcountries,beforetoxicchemicalsarereleasedintoriversandlakes,theyshouldbetreatedinordertoavoid.

　　PartⅣReadingComprehension（ReadinginDepth）（25minutes）

　　SectionA

Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.

　　Questions47to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

　　Ifoursocietyeverneededareadingrenaissance（复兴）,it’snow.TheNationalEndowmentfortheArtsreleased“ReadingatRisk”lastyear,astudyshowingthatadultreading47havedropped10percentagepointsinthepastdecade,withthesteepestdropamongthose18to24.“Onlyonehalfofyoungpeoplereadabookofanykindin2002.Wesetthebaralmostontheground.Ifyoureadoneshortstoryinateen—agermagazine,thatwouldhave48,”lamentsadirectorofresearchandanalysis.He49thelossofreaderstotheboomingworldoftechnology,whichattractswould—beleisurereaderstoE—mail,IMchats,andvideogamesandleavesthemwithnotimetocopewithanovel.

　　“Thesenewformsofmediaundoubtedlyhavesomebenefits,”saysStevenJohnson,authorofEverythingBadIsGoodforYou.Videogames

　　50problem—solvingskills;

TVshowspromotementalgymnasticsby

　　51viewerstofollowcomplexstorylines.Butbooksofferexperiencethatcan’tbegainedfromtheseothersources,from52vocabularytostretchingtheimagination.“Ifthey’renotreadingatall,”saysJohnson,“that’sahugeproblem.”

　　Infact,fewerkidsarereadingforpleasure.Accordingtodata53lastweekfromtheNationalCenterforEducationalStatistic’slong—termtrendassessment,thenumberof17—year—oldswhoreportedneverorhardlyeverreadingforfun

　　54from9percentin1984to19percentin2004.Atthesametime,the

　　55of17—year—oldswhoreaddailydroppedfrom31to22.

　　Thisslowbutsteadyretreatfrombookshasnotyettakenatollonreadingability.Scoresforthenation’syouthhave56constantoverthepasttwodecades（withanencouragingupswingamong9—year—olds）.Butgiventhestrongapparentcorrelationbetweenpleasurereadingandreadingskills,thismeanspoorlyforthefuture.