现在完成时与过去完成时讲解.doc
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现在完成时与过去完成时讲解.doc
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现在完成时
1.现在完成时态表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
本时态标志词:
already(“已经”,用于肯定句中,放在have/has之后或句尾);
yet(“仍然”“还”,用于疑问句或否定句的句尾)
just(“刚刚”,放在have/has之后);
before(“以前”,放在句尾);
ever(“曾经”,放在have/has之后)
never(“从没有”,在have/has之后)
例句:
1.Ourteacherhasjustleft.
2.WehavestudiedEnglishalready.
3.Ihavenotfinishedthehomeworkyet.
4.HehasneverbeentoBeijingbefore.
例:
I have just turned off the light. 我刚刚把灯关上。
(结果是灯已经关上了)
She has lost her bike. 她把自行车丢了。
(影响是他现在没有自行车骑了)
The rain has stopped now. 雨已经停了。
(结果是我们可以出门了)
I have already read the book. 我已读过这本书了。
(结果是已知道这本书的内容)
She has had a good education. 她受到过良好的教育。
(影响是她文化水平高,有修养)
2.某个动作从过去已经开始,一直持续到现在,还有可能持续到将来.(也可能不继续下去),常同包括现在在内的时间状语连用,如:
today, now, this week, this morning, these days, this afternoon, recently, so far等
动作的持续性要通过一段时间来表示一段时间的表达方法有两种:
for:
+一段时间forayearfortwoweeksforthreeyears
Since+过去的某一时刻,sinceninesincelastweek
Since+一般过去时态的时间状语从句sinceyoucame;sinceyougothome.
例:
We have had much snow this winter. 今年冬天多雪。
She has taught in the school for ten years. 她在这所学校教书已经10年了。
I haven't eaten anything since breakfast. 我从早饭起就一直没有吃东西。
We have been busy this morning. 今天上午我们一直很忙。
I have known her since we were children. 我从小就认识她。
I haven't seen John today. 我今天没有见到约翰。
It has rained a lot these days. 这些天多雨。
注意:
结束性动词不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用,但是它们可以转换成相应的延续性动词.
1.直接用延续性动词
buy–have;catch(get)acold–haveacold;borrow—keep;become—be;puton--wear
2.转换成be+名词
jointhearmy–beasoldier;jointheParty–beaPartymember;
gotoschool–beastudent
3转换成be+形容词或副词
die—bedead;finish–beover;begin—beon;leave—beaway;fallsleep–beasleepclose–beclosedcometo/goto/arriveat(in)+某地—bein(at)+某地
4.转换成be+介词短语gotoschool–beinschool;getup_beup;
) 表示从过去某一时间到说话时这段时间中反复发生的动作或多次动作的总和,常同频度副词always, often, seldom, never等连用
例:
He has done a lot of work in the past two years. 在过去两年中他做了许多工作。
I have learned about two hundred English words this morning. 本月我学了大约200个英语单词。
I have been to the Great Wall twice. 我曾经去过长城两次
It has rained every day this week. 这个星期天天下雨。
She has always walked to school. 她一直步行去学校。
I have never seen such a beautiful bird. 我从没见过这么美丽的鸟。
I have often met the old man on my way to work. 我在上班的路上常常遇见那位老人。
4) 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
1.现在完成时强调过去发生的动作对现在的影响和结果,而一般过去时与现在没有联系,只是说明某个动作发生的时间是在过去。
比:
I have washed the car. 我洗过了车。
(看上去很漂亮)
I washed the car a moment ago. 我刚才洗过车了。
She has watered the flowers. 她已经浇了花。
(不需要再浇了)
She watered the flowers yesterday. 她昨天浇的花。
I have written the letter but I haven't posted it yet. 信我已经写好了,但还没有寄出。
I wrote the letter last week and I posted it three days ago. 我上周写的那封信,3天前寄出的。
2.现在完成时表示的动作或状态延续到现在并可能延续下去,而一般过去时则单纯表示过去某段时间内的经历。
比:
It has rained for five hours. 雨已经下了5个小时了。
It rained for live hours yesterday. 昨天下了5个小时的雨。
He has waited for her for two hours. 他等她已经两个小时了。
He waited for her two hours and then went home. 他等她等了两个小时,然后就回家了。
I have reviewed two lessons this morning. 今天上午我已经复习了两课。
(说话时还在上午)
I reviewed two lessons this morning. 今天上午我复习了两课。
(说话时已是下午或晚上)
3.现在完成时与一般过去时的时间状语不同 现在完成时时间标志词:
现在完成时态常见标志词
1.already(已经),just(刚刚),never(从未/从没有),ever(曾经),yet(仍然/还),before(以前(句尾时)
2.since+点时刻或从句;for+段时间;howlong(疑问句中用来提问since/for短语的)
3.sofar;tillnow;bynow(到目前为止;迄今)
4.recently近来 inthepast/last+段时间在过去的几年中
5.once(一次),twice, three(four…)times
6.Itisthe+最高级+n.+(that)sb.haveeverdone
专项练习:
一、单选
1Youhave_____atallyoungman.
Agrown Bgrown into Cgrownus Dgrownup
2Hehas____thewatchforayear.
Abuy Bbought Chave Dhad
3Hasyourbrother_____thedog?
Akeptin Bfed Cfedon Dkepton
4I_____thisbookfortwoweeks,Ihavetoreturnitnow.
Aborrowed Bhave borrowed Ckept Dhavekept
5Haveyouever_____totheGreatWall?
It'sverybeautiful.
Agone Bbeen Cwent Dgo
6Herbrother_____thePartysince1978.
Ajoined Bhasjoined Chasbeenin Dwasin
7TheGreens_____manyplacesofinterestsincetheycametoChina.
Awillvisit Bvisited Chavevisited Dvisit
8I'msorry,I____yourname.
Ahadforgotten Bforgot Chaveforgotten Dforgotten
9Thebookshop_____foreightyears.
Ahasbeenopen Bhasbeenopened Chasopened Dhasopen
10Wehave allthepapersoweneedtobuysome.
Ausedup Bmadeof Cfilledwith Dhuntedfor
11TheflowerI____grownup.
Aplantedhas Bplantedhave Chasplanted Dhaveplanted
二、填空
1Haveyouever______(take)atrain?
2It_________(be)morethanthreeyearssinceJim______(leave)here.
3Haveyou_____(make)friendswithyournewclassmatesyet?
4I_______(have)mylunchandI'mnothungrynow.
5Jimhasnever
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