英语高三英语阅读理解科普环保题20套带答案文档格式.docx

英语高三英语阅读理解科普环保题20套带答案文档格式.docx

《英语高三英语阅读理解科普环保题20套带答案文档格式.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《英语高三英语阅读理解科普环保题20套带答案文档格式.docx（20页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

Fittedwithacollision-avoidancesystem,thedroneuseslaserimagingdetectionandrangingtechnologytodetectanobjectinitspathandstoporbackupiftheobjectapproaches."

Ourdronesaredesignedtomovethroughawatersystem,whetherit'

saroundtheperimeter（周边）orthroughthecityitself.Thedronesarethatlastlineofdefensebetweenthecityandtheopenocean,"

addedCunningham."

WasteSharksareoperatinginDubai,SouthAfricaandtheNetherlandsandcost$17,000fortheremote-controlledmodelandjustunder$23,000fortheautonomousmodel."

Dubai-basedoperatorEcocoasthastwoWasteSharkdrones.Co-founderDanaLipartssaystheywillcleanwaterfrontsforclientsincludinghotelsandenvironmentalauthoritiesandthatEcocoast'

intentionistohavethecollectedrubbishrecycledorupcycled.However,Lipartsarguesthatcleaningwaterwaysdoesn'

thaveaone-size-fits-allsolutionandrequiresacombinationofnewtechnology,preventativemeasuresandchangingpeople'

sattitudestowardslittering.

（1）WhatdoweknowabouttheWasteShark?

A. 

Itcanfrightensharksaway.

B. 

Itisanoceanexplorer.

C. 

Itisarubbishcollector.

D. 

Itcancatchfishinsteadofpeople.

（2）WhatdoesParagraph4mainlytellus?

Thecausesofoceanpollution.

Thedangersofusingplastics.

Theseverityofoceangarbagepollution.

Theimportanceofoceanprotection.

（3）WhatwilltheWasteSharkdowithanapproachingobject?

Avoidcrashingintoit. 

Breakitintopieces. 

Swallowit. 

Flyoverit.

（4）WhichofthefollowingideasdoesLipartsagreewith?

TheWasteSharkshouldbeusedmorewidely.

Moremeasuresshouldbetakentomakewaterclean.

TheproductioncostofWasteSharksshouldbereduced.

Peopleshouldtakeapositiveattitudetonewtechnology.

【答案】

（1）C

（2）C

（3）A

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍一种水上无人机可以用于清理浮在水面上的垃圾。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“Responsibleforcollectingwaste,thedronewillbeginoperationsinDubaiMarinainNovemberafterayearoftrialswithlocalpartnerEcocoast.”可知，这种无人机是用来清理垃圾的，故选C。

（2）考查段落大意。

根据第四段中的“By2016therewereapproximately150milliontonsofplasticintheworld'

soceans.OnepaperfromDecember2014estimatedthatoveraquarterofamilliontonsofoceanplasticpollutionwasafloat.”可知，预计到2016年，海洋里会有1.5亿吨垃圾，估计约有25万吨垃圾漂浮在海洋上，故可知，本段主要讲述海洋垃圾的严重性，故选C。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第五段中的"

可知，配备防碰撞系统，无人机使用激光来探测物体，用测距技术来探测前方是否有物体，如果探测到物体，无人机就会停下来或者后退，故选A。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“However,Lipartsarguesthatcleaningwaterwaysdoesn'

sattitudestowardslittering.”可知，这种无人机并非解决水上垃圾污染的万全之策，需要多措并举，才能达到目的，故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和段落大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科教类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．犇犇Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.

Whilefakingandfiercelooksareamonganimalsgreatdefenses,manyspeciesknowthateveryonerunsfromabigstink（臭气）too.

Vulture（秃鸳）

Vultures,arestreetsweepersthatfeastontherottingfleshofdeadanimals,whichbenefitsusbyriddingourhighwaysandlandscapesofanimalbodiesandthebacteriatheymightcarry.Whenvulturesfeelthreatenedtheyvomit,andthesmellofvomited-ondeadbodiesputsofmostpredators.Throwingupallowsthevulturetoflyawaymorequickly-andthevomitcanhurttheaggressor'

seyesandface.

Opossum（负鼠）

Insomewaysopossumshaveiteasy.Inordertobecome"

dead"

theydon'

thavetofaxanyoneadeathcertificate.Theyjustlietherewiththeirtongueshangingoutwiththesmellofdeadflesh,sometimesforhours,effectivelyconvincingpotentialpredatorstheycanfindamuchfreshermealelsewhere.Eveniftheykeepgettingattacked,theywon'

tmoveanymorethanahumanstatueuntilthethreathaspassed.

Hoatzin（磨雉）

Holdyournoseandmeetthehoatzin,abirdofdistinctions,nottheleastofwhichisthatitsmellslikefreshcowshit.Theanimalmostlyeatsleavesandit'

stheonlybirdknowntodigestbyfermentation,likeacow.Thisprocessiswhatcausesitssmellandhasearneditthenicknamethe"

stinkbird

Millipedes（千足虫）

Millipedesaretricky.Forstarterstheylookwormy.Theirnameisdeceptive,too:

Theirlegsnumberabout750.Theirmajordefenseistocurlupintoaball.They,though,alsoreleaseaharmeyes,andleaveahorriblesmellontheirattackers.

SeaHare（海兔）

Thegracefulseahareisplainintasteinthefirstplace,soit'

snotthemostpopulardishintheseafoodchain.Nonethelessthistypeofseacreaturehasaprettycreativesmell-relateddefensethatisalmosttheoppositeofitssmellycompanionsonthislist.Theseaharegivesoutaslimy,purpleink,thesubstancewhichmakesfoodlesspalatabletopredators.

Researchersusinglobsters（2-f）asmodelpredatorsfoundthattheseablocksthelobstersreceptivemechanism.Inotherwords,theseaharegivesitsattackertheequivalentofastuffynosesotheydon'

tknowhowappealingitis.

（1）Theseaharedefendsitselffrompredatorsby________.

becomingplainintasteatthediscoveryofapredator

givingoutpurpleinktomakeitselfinvisibletopredators

releasingsubstancetomakepredatorsunabletosmellit

givingoffsmellygastotrytodrivepredatorsaway

（2）WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

Thevulturecarriesbacteriasothatpredatorsdarenotgetclosetoit.

Theopossumfakesitsdeathtoavoidbeingtargetedbypredators.

Thehoatzineatscowshitsothatitisnick-namedas"

stinkbird"

.

Thegasreleasedbymillipedewasbasicallyharmless.

（3）Thespeciesthatenjoysmorethanonedefensemechanismis________.

vulture 

opossum 

millipede 

seahare

（2）B

（3）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一些野生动物是如何进行自身防御的。

根据 

SeaHare（海兔）部分中的“Theseaharegivesoutaslimy,purpleink,thesubstancewhichmakesfoodlesspalatabletopredators.”可知，海兔身上散发出黏糊糊的紫色墨水，这种物质使得捕食者对食物不那么感兴趣，从而保护自己免受捕食者的伤害。

故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。

Opossum（负鼠）部分中的“Inordertobecome‘dead’,theydon'

thavetofaxanyoneadeathcertificate.Theyjustlietherewiththeirtongueshangingoutwiththesmellofdeadflesh,sometimesforhours,effectivelyconvincingpotentialpredatorstheycanfindamuchfreshermealelsewhere.”可知，负鼠假装死亡，让捕食者在其他地方找到更新鲜的食物，以避免成为捕食者的目标。

故选B。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据Millipedes（千足虫）部分中的“Theirmajordefenseistocurlupintoaball.They,though,alsoreleaseaharmeyes,andleaveahorriblesmellontheirattackers.”可知，千足虫主要防守是蜷成一团。

然而，它们也会释放出有害的 

眼睛，并在攻击者身上留下可怕的气味。

从而可以推断出，千足虫是拥有多种防御机制的物种。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

3．犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Whydoestimeseemtoflybyfasteraswegetold?

You'

vegotyouragingbraintoblame.Thisislikelyduelargelytothephysicalchangesofournervesandneurons（神经元）.Newresearchsuggests'

rapidfire'

abilitiesoftheyoungbrainallowustoprocessmoreinformationduringyouth,causingthedaystoseemlongerearlierinlife.However,aswegetold,researcherssaytheolderbraintakesmoretimetoprocessinformation.

ThenewfindingputforwardbyaDukeUniversityresearcherwaspublishedinapaperinthejournalEuropeanReviewthisweekAccordingtoAdrianBejan,theJ.AJonesProfessorofMechanicalEngineeringatDuke,thephysicalchangesofournervesandneuronsplay,amajorroleinourperception（知觉）oftimeaswegetold.Overtheyearsthesestructuresbecomemorecomplexandeventuallybegintodegrade.

Littlebabies,forexample,movetheireyesmuchmoreoftenthanadultsbecausethey'

reprocessingimagesatafasterrate,"

Beiansays,Forolderpeople,thismeansfewerimagesarebeingprocessedinthesameamountoftime,causingexperiencestoseemasthoughthey'

rehappeningmorequickly.

（1）Whatcausestimetoflyfasteraswegetold?

Changesofournervesandneurons.

Informationinourbrain.

Theelectricalsignals.

Rapidfireabilities.

（2）Whatisunavoidableintheprocessofgettingold?

Longerdays. 

Agingbrains. 

Moreimages. 

Lessexperience.