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AbstractAbstract|Figures/TablesFigures/Tables|ReferencesReferences

Abstract

Wehaveexaminedtheeffectofriluzole,aneuroprotectiveagentwithanticonvulsantproperties,onthereleaseofendogenousglutamatefromratcerebrocorticalsynaptosomesusinganon-lineenzyme-coupledfluorometricassay.Riluzoleinhibitedthecalcium-dependentreleaseofglutamatethatwasevokedbyexposingcerebrocorticalsynaptosomestothepotassiumchannelblocker4-aminopyridine,andthispresynapticinhibitionwasconcentration-dependent.Riluzoledidnotaltereither4-aminopyridine-evokeddepolarizationofthesynaptosomalmembranepotentialorionomycin-mediatedglutamaterelease,indicatingthatriluzole-mediatedinhibitionofglutamatereleaseisnotduetoadecreaseinsynaptosomalexcitabilityoradirecteffectontheexocytoticmachinery.ExaminationoftheeffectofriluzoleonCa2+influxrevealedthatthediminutionofglutamatereleasecouldbeattributedtoareductionincytosoliccalcium.ApossibleeffectofriluzoleonsynaptosomalcalciumchannelswasconfirmedinexperimentswheresynaptosomespretreatedwithP/Q-typecalciumchannelblockerω-agatoxinIVA,whichabolishedtheriluzole-mediatedinhibitionofglutamaterelease.Inaddition,pretreatmentofsynaptosomeswitheithertheGi/GoproteininhibitorpertussistoxinortheGABABreceptoragonistbaclofen,completelypreventedtheinhibitoryeffectofriluzoleon4-aminopyridine-evokedglutamaterelease.

Itisconcludedthatriluzoleexertstheirpresynapticinhibition,likelythroughareductioninthecalciuminfluxmediatedbyP/Q-typecalciumchannels,andtherebyinhibitsthereleaseofglutamatefromratcerebrocorticalnerveterminals.Thisreleaseinhibitionmayinvolveapertussistoxin-sensitiveGproteinsignallingpathway.Thisfindingprovidesfurthersupportthatpresynapticcalciumchannelblockadeconcomitantwithinhibitionofglutamatereleasecouldbeanimportantmechanismunderlyingthetherapeuticactionsofthisdrug.

ArticleOutline

•Experimentalprocedures

•Materials

•Synaptosomalpreparation

•Glutamatereleaseassay

•MembranepotentialmeasurementusingDiSC3（5）

•CytosolicCa2+measurementsusingfura-2

•Statisticalanalysis

•Results

•Discussion

•Mechanismsofriluzole-mediatedinhibitionofglutamaterelease

•Acknowledgements

•References

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$31.50

582

AnalysisofSCTPandTCPbasedcommunicationinhigh-speedclusters 

NuclearInstrumentsandMethodsinPhysicsResearchSectionA:

Accelerators,Spectrometers,DetectorsandAssociatedEquipment,Volume559,Issue1,1April2006,Pages85-89

M.Kozlovszky,T.Berceli,L.Kutor

PerformanceandfinancialconstraintsarepushingmodernDAQs（DataAcquisitionSystems）tousedistributedclusterenvironmentsinsteadofmonolithone-boxsystems.Insideclustersapplicationcommunicationlayersshouldsupportoutstandinghighperformancerequirements.Wearecurrentlyinvestigatingdifferentnetworkprotocolsthatcouldmeettherequirementsofhighspeed/lowlatencypeer-to-peercommunicationwithinDAQclusters.WehavecarriedoutvariousperformancemeasurementswithTCPandSCTPoverFastandGigabitEthernet.WearefocusingonEthernetTechnologies,becausethistransportmediumisbroaddeployed,costefficientandithasmuchbettercost/throughputratiothanotheravailablecommunicationalternatives（e.g.:

Myrinet,Infiniband）.Duringthisstudy,aprotocolperformancemeasurementapplicationwithdifferentpeertransportcomponentshasbeendeveloped.Inthefirstpartofthepaper,wegiveashortcomparisonofthetwoprotocols（SCTPandTCP）,andanintroductionofthetransportlayerstructuredeveloped.Lateronwediscusstheperformanceresultsofsingle/multi-streampeer-to-peercommunication,giveoverviewaboutapplicationcodetransitionpossibilitiesfromapplicationdeveloperpointofviewbetweenthetwoprotocols,anddrawconclusionsaboutusability.

1.Introduction

2.Comparisonissues

2.1.Codetransitionandusability

3.Transportlayerapplicationoverview

3.1.Mainproperties

3.2.Functionaldescription

4.Environmentsetup

4.1.Testbedhardware

4.2.Testbedsoftware

5.Performancetuning

5.1.Jumboframe

5.2.Additionalsoftwareparameters

6.Measurements

6.1.Socketconnectiondelay

6.2.Throughput

6.2.1.Singlestreamcommunication

6.2.2.Multi-streamcommunication

6.3.Multihoming

6.4.CPUusage

6.4.1.Communicationbetweensinglenetworkinterfacecards

6.4.2.Communicationbetweenmultiplenetworkinterfacecards

7.Conclusions

References

$35.95

583

Developmentofelectrochromicevacuatedadvancedglazing 

EnergyandBuildings,Volume38,Issue12,December2006,Pages1455-1467

S.Papaefthimiou,G.Leftheriotis,P.Yianoulis,T.J.Hyde,P.C.Eames,Y.Fang,P.-Y.Pennarun,P.Jannasch

Electrochromicevacuatedadvancedglazinghasbeendeveloped,combiningoptimumdynamiccontrolofthesolarradiationpenetratingintobuildingswithahighdegreeofthermalinsulation.Thiswasachievedbytheoptimisationoftheelectrochromicdevicematerials（electrochromic,ionstorage,protectivelayers,transparentconductorsandpolymerelectrolytes）andbytherefinementofasealingmethodforevacuatedglazing.Electrochromicevacuatedglazingprototypeswithdimensionsupto40 

cm 

×

40 

cmhavebeenfabricatedusingvacuumtechniquesandchemicalmethods.Theprototypesexhibitexcellentopticalandthermalperformance,withacontrastratioupto1:

32（visibledynamictransmittancerangeTlum,bleached 

= 

63%andTlum,colored 

2%）,colorationefficiencyupto92 

cm2/Candmid-paneU-valuesaslowas0.86 

W 

m−2 

K−1.Theirdurabilityinrelationtorealworkingenvironmentalconditionshasbeenassessedthroughindoorandoutdoortesting.Suchaglazingcanbeusedinbuildingapplicationstoimproveoccupantthermalcomfort,contributetoareductioninspaceheatingandcoolingloadsandallowforincreasedareasoffenestrationtherebyreducingartificiallightingloads.Thesefactorsreducetheenergydemandforthebuildingandthereforecontributetothereductionofcarbondioxideemissions.

1.Introduction

1.1.Switchableglazing:

state-of-the-art

1.2.Evacuatedglazing

1.3.Electrochromicevacuatedwindows

2.Developmentandfabricationoftheelectrochromicdevice

2.1.Transparentelectricalconductors

2.2.Activeelectrochromicfilm

2.3.Ionstorageandprotectivelayers

2.4.Electrolytematerialsforelectrochromicwindowsapplications

2.4.1.State-of-the-artelectrolytes

2.4.2.Preparationandselectionofboron-containingelectrolytes

2.5.Proposedoptimumelectrochromicdevice

2.6.Depositionofmaterialsfortheelectrochromiccomponents

3.Developmentandfabricationoftheevacuatedglazing

3.1.Samplepreparationandmanufacture

3.2.Testingandmodificationofthefabricationprocess

3.3.Supportpillardesign

3.4.Fabricatedevacuatedglazingsamples

4.Developmentoftheelectrochromicevacuatedprototype

4.1.Fabricationoftheelectrochromicevacuatedprototypes

4.1.1.4-glassprototypes

4.1.2.3-glassprototypes

4.2.Problems/defectsoftheelectrochromicevacuatedprototypes

5.Testingoftheprototypes

5.1.Electrochromicproperties

5.2.Cyclingreversibility

5.3.UVtestingofprototypes

5.4.Thermaltesting

5.5.Durabilitytestingoftheevacuatedglazing

5.6.Thermalcycling

5.7.Solarsimulatortesting

6.Comparisonwithequivalentproducts

6.1.Electrochromicdevices

6.2.Insulatingglazing

Acknowledgements

584

Greenhousegasfootprintingforsmallbusinesses—Theuseofinput–outputdata 

ScienceofTheTotalEnvironment,Volume409,Issue5,1February2011,Pages883-891

M.Berners-Lee,D.C.Howard,J.Moss,K.Kaivanto,W.A.Scott

Tomitigateanthropogenicclimatechangegreenhousegasemissions（GHG）mustbereduced;

theirmajorsourceisman'

suseofenergy.Akeywaytomanageemissionsisfortheenergyconsumertounderstandtheirimpactandtheconsequencesofchangingtheiractivities.Thispaperaddressesthechallengeofdeliveringrelevant,practicalandreliablegreenhousegas‘footprint’informationforsmallandmediumsizedbusinesses.Thetoolwedescribeiscapableofascribingpartsofthetotalfootprinttospecificactionstowhichthebusinesscanrelateandissensitiveenoughtoreflecttheconsequencesofchange.Itprovidesacomprehensivedescriptionofallemissionsforeachbusinessandsetstheminthecontext