非谓语知识点Word文档下载推荐.docx
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非谓语知识点Word文档下载推荐.docx
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状语
2)不定式的时态与语态
四种形式
主动
被动
一般式
todo
tobedone
完成式
tohavedone
tohavebeendone
进行式
tobedoing
/
完成进行式
tohavebeendoing
3)不定式5大易犯错误
.That’snormaltomakemistakes.wrong
把that改成it
It’snormaltomakemistakes.
形式主语主语
It+todosth.(形式主语)
It’salwayseasytosaybuthardtodo.
Ifindithardtohatehim.
形式宾语宾语
Idon’tknowiftohelphimornot.Wrong
Idon’tknowwhethertohelphimornot.
表示是否时,只能用whether,不用if
v.+(what/who/which/how/when/where/whether)+todo
.Iappreciateyoutohelpmesomuch.Wrong
appreciate后不能加不定式
应改成:
Iappreciateyourhelping.
Iappreciateyourhelp.
这些动词后只能加不定式
afford,aim,appear,bother,care,happen,
force,permit,enable,
longdesire,determine,expect,hope,promise,
fail,hesitate,prepare,pretend,refuse,endeavor,
seem,tend,ought,…
Ineedsomepapertowrite.Wrong
towrite作定语修饰paper,把paper带进去writeonthepaper
Ineedsomepapertowriteon.
Ihavealettertowrite.
Ineedsomepapertowriteon.
Ineedapentowritewith.
Tosavemoney,everymeanshasbeentried.Wrong
savemoney的逻辑主语是人,而句子的主语是everymeans逻辑不一致
Tosavemoney,hehastriedeverymeans.
TolearnEnglishwell,(字典必不可缺。
)
heshouldhaveadictionary
heneedsadictionary
不能写成adictionaryisnecessary
4.不定式to省略的2种情况
感官动词之后
see,watch,observe,notice,hear,feel
+do 表示动作的完整性,真实性;
Isawhimworkinthegardenyesterday.看他工作劳动的整个过程
+doing表示动作的连续性,进行性
Isawhimworkinginthegardenyesterday.看他工作这件事,看到的是片段,不是全过程
注:
感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词
Thecaketastesgood;
Itfeelscomfortable.
使役动词have/bid/make/let等词后
I’dliketohaveLeondoit.
感官动词和使役动词变被动,需要还原to
Amanwasseentoentertheshop.
被动的时候一定要把省略的to加上
真题链接(题号为在真题中的顺序)
68.Mrs.Brownissupposed________forItalylastweek.(1990-1)
A)tohaveleft
B)tobeleaving
C)toleave
D)tohavebeenleft
61.Mr.Johnsonpreferred________heavierworktodo.(1993-6)
A)tobegiven
B)tobegiving
C)tohavegiven
D)havinggiven
47.ThereismorelandinAustraliathanthegovernmentknows________.(1989-1)
A)whattodowith
B)howtodo
C)todowithit
D)todoit
87.Charitygroupsorganizedvariousactivities________________(为地震幸存者筹款)。
(2011-12)
toraisemoneyforthesurvivorsoftheearthquake
87.___________________________(为了确保他参加会议),Icalledhimupinadvance.(2010-12)
(Inorder)Toensurehimtoattendthemeeting
Toensurehisattendanceatthemeeting
动名词
1.动名词在句中的作用
Collectingstampsismyhobby.
主语
Idreamaboutbeingwithyouforever.
Myjobisprotectingyou.
表语
2.只能加动名词的情况
这些动词后
admit,advise,appreciate,avoid,ban,
consider,delay,deny,discuss,dislike,enjoy,
endure,escape,excuse,finish,forbid,forgive,
imagine,keep,mention,mind,miss,pardon,
permit,practise,prevent,prohibit,risk
这些动词短语后
can’thelp,feellike,
putoff,giveup,keepon
objectto,payattentionto,stickto,getdownto开始认真做,be[get]usedto习惯于,leadto导致,bedevotedto致力于,专用于,taketo开始喜欢做,beopposedto,
这里的to都是介词,因此后面加动名词
这些表达后
it'
snogood;
it'
sno/little/hardlyanyuse;
it‘sworthwhile;
spendmoney/time;
there’snopointin(干某事没有意义);
there'
snothingworsethan...
3.动名词的时态语态
一般形式:
IlikewatchingTV.doing
完成形式:
Iregretnothavingtakenyouradvice.havingdone
被动形式:
Thisquestionisfarfrombeingsettled.beingdone
真题链接
89.Welookforwardto(被邀请出席开幕式).(2010-06)
beinginvitedtoattendtheopeningceremony
48.Thematchwascancelledbecausemostofthemembers________amatchwithoutastandardcourt.(1991-6)
A)objectedtohaving
B)wereobjectedtohave
C)objectedtohave
D)wereobjectedtohaving
68.Shewassoangrythatshefeltlike.somethingathim.(1992-6)
A).tothrow
B)throwing
C)tohavethrown
D)havingthrown
51.Iappreciate________toyourhome.(1991-6)
A)tobeinvited
B)tohaveinvited
C)havinginvited
D)beinginvited
69.Ourmoderncivilizationmustnotbethoughtofasinashortperiodoftime.(cet4)
A)beingcreated
B)tohavebeencreated
C))havingbeencreated
D)tobecreated
补充1:
动名词与不定式都可以作主语、宾语、表语,它们有什么区别?
Swimmingismyfavoritesport.
ToswimwithJaneiswhatI’mgoingtodothisafternoon.
动名词:
泛指的、经常性的
不定式:
具体的、一次性的、将来的
补充2:
这些动词后即可加不定式,也可加动名词,有什么区别
.demand,deserve,need,require,want表需要的动词
v.+doing/tobedone意思一致,无区别
Mycarneedsrepairing.=Mycarneedstoberepaired.
48.Yourhairwants________.You’dbetterhaveitdonetomorrow.(1997-6)
A)cut
B)tocut
C)cutting
D)beingcut
也可以说tobecut
.remember,forget,regret,
v.+不定式,表示记得/忘记/后悔/…要去做某事
v.+动名词,表示记得/忘记/后悔…做过某事
64.Johnregretted________tothemeetinglastweek.(1990-1)
A)notgoing
B)nottogo
C)nothavingbeengoing
D)nottobegoing
43.I’llneverforget________youforthefirsttime.(2001-1)
A)tomeet
B)meeting
C)tohavemet
D)havingtobemeeting
Don’tforgettowalkthedogwhileIamaway,(1993-1)
.stop,continue,goon
v+不定式,表示停下/继续去做另一事
v+动名词,表示停下/继续正在做的事
(2005-1)
Tonyshouldcontinuetakingthecourse.现在上课,继续上课
Theywillcontinuetoexistalongwithon-lineeducation.以前不存在,现在有了,并且将继续存在
.try
try+不定式,表示作了一番努力,试图完成某事
try+动名词,表示做某事试试(看有什么效果)。
I’lltrytocometomorrow.我明天设法来。
Let’stryknockingatthebackdoor.咱们敲敲后门试试。
.mean
mean+不定式,表示打算(想要)做某事
mean+动名词,表示意味着…
Hedidnotmeantohurtyou.他不是有意要伤害你。
Thisillnesswillmeangoingtohospital.得了这种病就意味着要住院。
分词
现在分词doing:
表示主动的,正在进行的动作
过去分词done:
表示被动的,已完成的动作
分词在句中的作用
afallenleaf
afallingleaf
作定语修饰leaf,看动作进行中还是已完成决定
Thereisnothingleft.
Thereisnothinginteresting.
作nothing补语,看分词与nothing的关系决定
Shelookedtiredwithcooking.
Youareamazing.
作表语,看分词与主语的主被动关系决定
Havingalreadybeentoldmanytimes,hefinallychangethebadhabit.
Notreceivinganyletterfromhim,Igavehimacall.
作状语,看分词与主句主语的主被动关系
作插入语
Generallyspeaking,
talkingof…
judgingfrom…
真题链接
inthisway,thesituationdoesn’tseemsodisappointing.(2000-01)
A)Tolookat
B)Lookingat
C)Lookedat
D)Tobelookedat
47.________withthesizeofthewholeearth,thehighestmountaindoesnotseemhighatall.(1990-1)
A)Whencompared
B)Compare
C)Whilecomparing
D)Comparing
46.________inarecentsciencecompetition,thethreestudentswereawardedscholarshipstotaling$21,000.(2001-1)
A)Judgedthebest
B)Judgingthebest
C)Tobejudgedthebest
D)Havingjudgedthebest
独立主格
Hewentoff,holdingaguninhishand.
非谓语,主语一致
Hewentoff,gunheldinhand.
独立主格,带有自己主语的非谓语
Hewentoff,guninhand.
独立主格,带有自己主语
在分句部分有自己的主语的,叫做独立主格
分词主被动取决于与其主语的关系
68.Anewtechnique________,theyieldsasawholeincreasedby20percent.
A)wordingout
B)havingwordedout
C)havingbeenwordedout
D)tohavebeenwordedout
55.Thechildrenwenttheretowatchtheirontower________.(1990-1)
A)toerect
B)beerected
C)erecting
D)beingerected
58Theprojectbytheendof2010,willexpandthecity’stelephonenetworktocover1,000,000users.(1999-06)
A)accomplished
B)beingaccomplished
C)tobeaccomplished
D)havingbeenaccomplished
非谓语口诀
a.非谓语不做谓语
(换而言之,它就可以做主语,或其实修饰的成分,例如定、补、状、表、插入语等)
b.不定式动名词都可以用时:
不定式表将来的,特指的;
动名词表示经常性的、泛指的
c.分词:
现在分词主动的,正在进行的
过去分词被动的,已完成的
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