TED英语演讲稿我们为什么快乐Word文档下载推荐.docx
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TED英语演讲稿我们为什么快乐Word文档下载推荐.docx
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suptherewithopposablethumbsandstandinguprightandlanguageasoneofthethingsthatgotourspeciesoutofthetreesandintotheshoppingmall.
Now--(Laughter)--allofyouhavedonethis.Imean,youknow,BenandJerry'
sdoesn'
thaveliver-and-onionicecream,andit'
snotbecausetheywhippedsomeup,trieditandwent,"
Yuck."
It'
sbecause,withoutleavingyourarmchair,youcansimulatethatflavorandsay"
yuck"
beforeyoumakeit.
Let'
sseehowyourexperiencesimulatorsareworking.Let'
sjustrunaquickdiagnosticbeforeIproceedwiththerestofthetalk.Here'
stwodifferentfuturesthatIinviteyoutocontemplate,andyoucantrytosimulatethemandtellmewhichoneyouthinkyoumightprefer.Oneofthemiswinningthelottery.Thisisabout314milliondollars.Andtheotherisbecomingparaplegic.So,justgiveitamomentofthought.Youprobablydon'
tfeellikeyouneedamomentofthought.
Interestingly,therearedataonthesetwogroupsofpeople,dataonhowhappytheyare.Andthisisexactlywhatyouexpected,isn'
tit?
Butthesearen'
tthedata.Imadetheseup!
Thesearethedata.Youfailedthepopquiz,andyou'
rehardlyfiveminutesintothelecture.Becausethefactisthatayearafterlosingtheuseoftheirlegs,andayearafterwinningthelotto,lotterywinnersandparaplegicsareequallyhappywiththeirlives.
Now,don'
tfeeltoobadaboutfailingthefirstpopquiz,becauseeverybodyfailsallofthepopquizzesallofthetime.Theresearchthatmylaboratoryhasbeendoing,thateconomistsandpsychologistsaroundthecountryhavebeendoing,haverevealedsomethingreallyquitestartlingtous,somethingwecallthe"
impactbias,"
whichisthetendencyforthesimulatortoworkbadly.Forthesimulatortomakeyoubelievethatdifferentoutcomesaremoredifferentthaninfacttheyreallyare.
Fromfieldstudiestolaboratorystudies,weseethatwinningorlosinganelection,gainingorlosingaromanticpartner,gettingornotgettingapromotion,passingornotpassingacollegetest,onandon,havefarlessimpact,lessintensityandmuchlessdurationthanpeopleexpectthemtohave.Infact,arecentstudy--thisalmostfloorsme--arecentstudyshowinghowmajorlifetraumasaffectpeoplesuggeststhatifithappenedoverthreemonthsago,withonlyafewexceptions,ithasnoimpactwhatsoeveronyourhappiness.
Why?
Becausehappinesscanbesynthesized.SirThomasBrownwrotein1642,"
Iamthehappiestmanalive.Ihavethatinmethatcanconvertpovertytoriches,adversitytoprosperity.IammoreinvulnerablethanAchilles;
fortunehathnotoneplacetohitme."
Whatkindofremarkablemachinerydoesthisguyhaveinhishead?
Well,itturnsoutit'
spreciselythesameremarkablemachinerythatalloffushave.Humanbeingshavesomethingthatwemightthinkofasa"
psychologicalimmunesystem."
Asystemofcognitiveprocesses,largelynon-consciouscognitiveprocesses,thathelpthemchangetheirviewsoftheworld,sothattheycanfeelbetterabouttheworldsinwhichtheyfindthemselves.LikeSirThomas,youhavethismachine.UnlikeSirThomas,youseemnottoknowit.(Laughter)
Wesynthesizehappiness,butwethinkhappinessisathingtobefound.Now,youdon'
tneedmetogiveyoutoomanyexamplesofpeoplesynthesizinghappiness,Isuspect.ThoughI'
mgoingtoshowyousomeexperimentalevidence,youdon'
thavetolookveryfarforevidence.
Asachallengetomyself,sinceIsaythisonceinawhileinlectures,ItookacopyoftheNewYorkTimesandtriedtofindsomeinstancesofpeoplesynthesizinghappiness.Andherearethreeguyssynthesizinghappiness."
Iamsomuchbetteroffphysically,financially,emotionally,mentallyandalmosteveryotherway."
"
Idon'
thaveoneminute'
sregret.Itwasagloriousexperience."
Ibelieveitturnedoutforthebest."
Whoarethesecharacterswhoaresodamnhappy?
Well,thefirstoneisJimWright.Someofyouareoldenoughtoremember:
hewasthechairmanoftheHouseofRepresentativesandheresignedindisgracewhenthisyoungRepublicannamedNewtGingrichfoundoutaboutashadybookdealhehaddone.Helosteverything.ThemostpowerfulDemocratinthecountry,helosteverything.Helosthismoney;
helosthispower.Whatdoeshehavetosayalltheseyearslateraboutit?
Iamsomuchbetteroffphysically,financially,mentallyandinalmosteveryotherway."
Whatotherwaywouldtherebetobebetteroff?
Vegetably?
Minerally?
Animally?
He'
sprettymuchcoveredthemthere.
MoreeseBickhamissomebodyyou'
veneverheardof.MoreeseBickhamutteredthesewordsuponbeingreleased.Hewas78yearsold.Hespent37yearsinaLouisianaStatePenitentiaryforacrimehedidn'
tcommit.Hewasultimatelyexonerated,attheageof78,throughDNAevidence.Andwhatdidhehavetosayabouthisexperience?
Glorious!
Thisguyisnotsaying,"
Well,youknow,thereweresomeniceguys.Theyhadagym."
s"
glorious,"
awordweusuallyreserveforsomethinglikeareligiousexperience.
HarryS.Langermanutteredthesewords,andhe'
ssomebodyyoumighthaveknownbutdidn'
t,becausein1949hereadalittlearticleinthepaperaboutahamburgerstandownedbythesetwobrothersnamedMcDonalds.Andhethought,"
That'
sareallyneatidea!
"
Sohewenttofindthem.Theysaid,"
Wecangiveyouafranchiseonthisfor3,000bucks."
HarrywentbacktoNewYork,askedhisbrotherwho'
saninvestmentbankertoloanhimthe3,000dollars,andhisbrother'
simmortalwordswere,"
Youidiot,nobodyeatshamburgers."
Hewouldn'
tlendhimthemoney,andofcoursesixmonthslaterRayCrochadexactlythesameidea.Itturnsoutpeopledoeathamburgers,andRayCroc,forawhile,becametherichestmaninAmerica.
Andthenfinally--youknow,thebestofallpossibleworlds--someofyourecognizethisyoungphotoofPeteBest,whowastheoriginaldrummerfortheBeatles,untilthey,youknow,senthimoutonanerrandandsnuckawayandpickedupRingoonatour.Well,in1994,whenPeteBestwasinterviewed--yes,he'
sstilladrummer;
yes,he'
sastudiomusician--hehadthistosay:
I'
mhappierthanIwouldhavebeenwiththeBeatles."
Okay.There'
ssomethingimportanttobelearnedfromthesepeople,anditisthesecretofhappiness.Hereitis,finallytoberevealed.First:
accruewealth,power,andprestige,thenloseit.(Laughter)Second:
spendasmuchofyourlifeinprisonasyoupossiblycan.(Laughter)Third:
makesomebodyelsereally,reallyrich.(Laughter)Andfinally:
nevereverjointheBeatles.(Laughter)
OK.NowI,likeZeFrank,canpredictyournextthought,whichis,"
Yeah,right."
Becausewhenpeoplesynthesizehappiness,asthesegentlemenseemtohavedone,weallsmileatthem,butwekindofrolloureyesandsay,"
Yeahright,youneverreallywantedthejob."
Ohyeah,right.Youreallydidn'
thavethatmuchincommonwithher,andyoufiguredthatoutjustaboutthetimeshethrewtheengagementringinyourface."
Wesmirkbecausewebelievethatsynthetichappinessisnotofthesamequalityaswhatwemightcall"
naturalhappiness."
Whataretheseterms?
Naturalhappinessiswhatwegetwhenwegetwhatwewanted,andsynthetichappinessiswhatwemakewhenwedon'
tgetwhatwewanted.Andinoursociety,wehaveastrongbeliefthatsynthetichappinessisofaninferiorkind.Whydowehavethatbelief?
Well,it'
sverysimple.Whatkindofeconomicenginewouldkeepchurningifwebelievedthatnotgettingwhatwewantcouldmakeusjustashappyasgettingit?
WithallapologiestomyfriendMatthieuRicard,ashoppingmallfullofZenmonksisnotgoingtobeparticularlyprofitablebecausetheydon'
twantstuffenough.Iwanttosuggesttoyouthatsynthetichappinessiseverybitasrealandenduringasthekindofhappinessyoustumbleuponwhenyougetexactlywhatyouwereaimingfor.Now,I'
mascientist,soI'
mgoingtodothisnotwithrhetoric,butbymarinatingyouinalittlebitofdata.
Letmefirstshowyouanexperimentalparadigmthatisusedtodemonstratethesynthesisofhappinessamongregularoldfolks.Andthisisn'
tmine.Thisisa50-year-oldparadigmcalledthe"
freechoiceparadigm."
sverysimple.Youbringin,say,sixobjects,andyouaskasubjecttorankthemfromthemosttotheleastliked.Inthisca
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