全国大学英语四级考试真题及答案文档格式.docx

全国大学英语四级考试真题及答案文档格式.docx

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OnExcessivePackaging

PartⅡReadingComprehension（SkimmingandScanning）（15minutes）

Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswersheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA），B），C）andD）.Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.

SmallSchoolsRising

Thisyear'

slistofthetop100highschoolsshowsthattoday,thosewithfewerstudentsareflourishing.

Fiftyyearsago,theywerethelatestthingineducationalreform:

big,modern,suburbanhighschoolswithstudentscountedinthethousands.Asbabyboomers（二战后婴儿潮时期出生的人）cameofhigh-schoolage,bigschoolspromisedeconomicefficiency.Agreaterchoiceofcourses,and,ofcourse,betterfootballteams.Onlyyearslaterdidweunderstandthetrade-offsthisinvolved:

thecreationofexcessivebureaucracies（官僚机构），thedifficultyofforgingpersonalconnectionsbetweenteachersandstudents.SATscoresbegandroppingin1963;

today,onaverage,30%ofstudentsdonotcompletehighschoolinfouryears,afigurethatrisesto50%inpoorurbanneighborhoods.Whiletheemphasisonteachingtohigher,test-drivenstandardsassetinNoChildLeftBehindresultedinsignificantlybetterperformanceinelementary（andsomemiddle）schools,highschoolsforavarietyofreasonsseemedtohavemadelittleprogress.

Sizeisn'

teverything,butitdoesmatter,andthepastdecadehasseenanoticeablecountertrendtowardsmallerschools.Thishasbeendue,inpart,totheBillandMelindaGatesFoundation,whichhasinvested$1.8billioninAmericanhighschools,helpingtoopenabout1,000smallschools-mostofthemwithabout400kidseachwithanaverageenrollmentofonly150pergrade,About500moreareonthedrawingboard.Districtsalloverthecountryaretakingnotice,alongwithmayorsincitieslikeNewYork,ChicagoandSanDiego.Themovementincludesindependentpubliccharterschools,suchasNo.1BASISinTucson,withonly120high-schoolersand18graduatesthisyear.Itembracesdistrict-sanctionedmagnetschools,suchastheTalentedandGiftedSchool,with198students,andtheScienceandEngineeringMagnet,with383,whichshareabuildinginDallas,aswellastheCityHonorsSchoolinBuffalo,N.Y.,whichgrewoutofvolunteereveningseminarsforstudents.Anditincludesalternativeschoolswithstudentsselectedbylottery（抽签），suchasH-BWoodlawninArlington,Va.Andmostnoticeableofall,thereisthephenomenonoflargeurbanandsuburbanhighschoolsthathavesplitupintosmallerunitsofafewhundred,generallyhousedinthesamegroundsthatonceboastedthousandsofstudentsallmarchingtothesameband.

HillsdaleHighSchoolinSanMateo,Calif,isoneofthose,rankingNo.423-amongthetop2%inthecountry-onNewsweek'

sannualrankingofAmerica'

stophighschools.Thesuccessofsmallschoolsisapparentinthelistings.Tenyearsago,whenthefirstNewsweeklistbasedoncollege-leveltestparticipationwaspublished,onlythreeofthetop100schoolshadgraduatingClassessmallerthan100students.Thisyearthereare22.Nearly250schoolsonthefull,Newsweeklistofthetop5%ofschoolsnationallyhadfewerthan200graduatesin2007.

AlthoughmanyofHillsdale'

sstudentscamefromwealthyhouseholds,bythelate1990averagetestscoreswereslidingandithadearnedtheunaffectionatenickname（绰号）"

Hillsjail."

JeffGilbert.AHillsdaleteacherwhobecameprincipallastyear,rememberssittingwithotherteacherswatchingstudentsfileoutofagraduationceremonyandaskingoneanotherinastonishment,"

Howdidthatstudentgraduate?

"

Soin2003Hillsdaleremadeitselfintothree"

houses,"

romanticallynamedFlorence,MarrakechandKyoto.Eachofthe300arrivingninthgradersarerandomly（随机地）assignedtooneofthehouses.Wheretheywillkeepthesamefourcoresubjectteachersfortwoyears,beforemovingontoanotherfor11thand12thgrades.Theclosenessthissystemcultivatesisreinforcedbytheinstitutionof"

advisory"

classesTeachersmeetwithstudentsingroupsof25,fivemorningsaweek,foropen-endeddiscussionsofeverythingfromhomeworkproblemstobadSaturday-nightdates.Theadvisersalsomeetwithstudentsprivatelyandstayintouchwithparents,sotheyaredeeplyinvestedinthestudents'

success."

We'

reconstantlytalkingaboutoneanother'

sadvisers,"

saysEnglishteacherChrisCrockett."

Ifyouhearthatyoursisn'

tdoingwellinmath,orseethemsittingoutsidethedean'

soffice,it'

slikeapersonalfailure."

Alongwiththenewstructurecameamoredemandingacademicprogram,thepercentageoffreshmentakingbiologyjumpedfrom17to95."

Itwasroughforsome.Butbysenioryear,two-thirdshavemoveduptophysics,"

saysGilbert"

Ourkidsarecomingtoschoolinpartbecausetheyknowthereareadultsherewhoknowthemandcareforthem."

Butnotallschoolsshowadvancesafterdownsizing,anditremainstobeseenwhethersmallerschoolswillbeacure-allsolution.TheNewsweeklistoftopU.S.highschoolswasmadethisyear,asinyearspast,accordingtoasinglemetric,theproportionofstudentstakingcollege-levelexams.Overtheyearsthissystemhascomeinforitsshareofcriticismforitssimplicity.Butthatisalsoitsstrength:

it'

seasyforreaderstounderstand,andtodothearithmeticfortheirownschoolsifthey'

dlike.Rankingschoolsisalwayscontroversial,andthisyearagroupof38superintendents（地区教育主管）fromfivestateswrotetoaskthattheirschoolsbeexcludedfromthecalculation."

Itisimpossibletoknowwhichhighschoolsare'

thebest'

inthenation,"

theirletterread.inpart."

Determiningwhetherdifferentschoolsdoordon'

tofferahighqualityofeducationrequiresalookatmandifferentmeasures,includingstudents'

overallacademicaccomplishmentsandtheirsubsequentperformanceincollege.Andtakingintoconsiderationtheuniqueneedsoftheircommunities."

Intheend,thesuperintendentsagreedtoprovidethedatawesought,whichis,afterall,publicinformation.Thereis,inourview,norealdisputehere,weareallseekingthesamething,whichisschoolsthatbetterserveourchildrenandournationbyencouragingstudentstotackletoughsubjectsundertheguidanceofgiftedteachers.Andifwekeepworkingtowardthatgoal,someday,perhapsalistwon'

tbenecessary.注意：

此部分试题请在答卡1上作答.1.Fiftyyearsago.big.Modern.Suburbanhighschoolswereestablishedinthehopeof__________.A）ensuringnochildisleftbehindB）increasingeconomicefficiencyC）improvingstudents'

performanceonSATD）providinggoodeducationforbabyboomers2.Whathappenedasaresultofsettingupbigschools?

A）Teachers'

workloadincreased.B）Students'

performancedeclined.C）Administrationbecamecentralized.D）Studentsfocusedmoreontestscores.3.WhatissaidabouttheschoolsfordedbytheBillandMelindaGatesfoundation?

A）Theyareusuallymagnetschools.B）Theyareoftenlocatedinpoorneighborhoods.C）Theyarepopularwithhigh-achievingstudents.D）Theyaremostlysmallinsize.4.Whatismostnoticeableaboutthecurrenttrendinhighschooleducation?

A）Somelargeschoolshavesplitupintosmallerones.B）Agreatvarietyofschoolshavesprungupinurbanandsuburbanareas.C）ManyschoolscompetefortheBillandMelindaGatesFoundationfunds.D）Studentshavetomeethigheracademicstandards.5.Newsweekrankedhighschoolsaccordingto.A）theirstudents'

academicachievementB）thenumberoftheirstudentsadmittedtocollegeC）thesizeandnumberoftheirgraduatingclassesD）theircollege-leveltestparticipation6.WhatcanwelearnaboutHillsdale'

sstudentsinthelate1990s?

A）Theyweremadetostudyhardlikeprisoners.B）Theycalledeachotherbyunaffectionatenicknames.C）Mostofthemdidnothaveanysenseofdiscipline,D）Theirschoolperformancewasgettingworse.7.AccordingtoJeffGilbert,the"

classesatHillsdaleweresetupsothatstudentscould.A）telltheirteacherswhattheydidonweekendsB）experienceagreatdealofpleasureinlearningC）maintaincloserrelationshipswiththeirteachersD）tacklethedemandingbiologyandphysicscourses8.isstillconsideredastrengthofNewsweek'

sschoolrankingsysteminspiteofthecriticismitreceives.9.Accordingtothe38superintendents,torankschoolsscientifically,itisnecessarytouse.10.Tobetterservethechildrenandournation,schoolsstudentstotake.PartⅢListeningComprehension（35minutes）SectionADirections:

inthissectionyouwillhear8shortconversations,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA）、B）、C）andD）、anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswersheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：

此部分试题请在答案卡2上作案。

11.A）TryingtosketchamapC）Discussingahouseplan.B）Paintingthediningroom.D）Cleaningthekitchen.12.A）Sheistiredofthefoodinthecanteen.B）SheofteneatsinaFrenchrestaurant.C）SheusuallytakesasnackintheKFC.D）Sheinveryfussyaboutwhatsheeats.13.A）ListeningtosomeloudmusicC）Talkingloudlyonthetelephone.B）Preparingforasoralexamination.D）Practicingforaspeechcontest.14.A）Themanhasleftagoodimpressiononherfamily.B）Themancandresscasuallyfortheoccasion.C）Theman