调研资料 OuterspaceWord文件下载.docx

调研资料 OuterspaceWord文件下载.docx

《调研资料 OuterspaceWord文件下载.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《调研资料 OuterspaceWord文件下载.docx（33页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

sonlycommitteedealingexclusivelywiththoseissues:

theCommitteeonthePeacefulUsesofOuterSpace.TheCommitteehastwosubcommittees:

theScientificandTechnicalSubcommitteeandtheLegalSubcommittee.

TheOfficeforOuterSpaceAffairsimplementstheUnitedNationsProgrammeonSpaceApplications（PSA）andworkstoimprovetheuseofspacescienceandtechnologyfortheeconomicandsocialdevelopmentofallcountries,particularlydevelopingcountries.UndertheProgramme,theOfficeconductstrainingcourses,workshops,seminarsandotheractivitiesinsubjectareassuchasremotesensing,communications,satellitemeteorology,searchandrescue,basicspacescienceandsatellitenavigation.

OnbehalfoftheSecretary-General,theOfficeforOuterSpaceAffairsmaintainstheRegisterofObjectsLaunchedintoOuterSpaceanddisseminatesviaitswebsitethatinformationrecordedintheRegister.TheOfficealsopreparesanddistributesdocuments,reports,studiesandpublicationsonvariousaspectsofspacescienceandtechnologyapplicationsandinternationalspacelaw.ThedocumentsandreportsareavailableinallofficiallanguagesoftheUnitedNationsontheOffice'

swebsite.

TheOfficeforOuterSpaceAffairsprovidedsecretariatservicesforthethreeUnitedNationsconferencesontheexplorationandpeacefulusesofouterspaceandparticipatesintheimplementationoftherecommendationsadoptedintheThirdUnitedNationsConferenceontheExplorationandPeacefulUsesofOuterSpace（UNISPACEIII）,heldinViennainJuly1999.

OUTERSPACE

TransparencyandConfidenceBuilding

EffortsintheUnitedNationstomaintainouterspaceforpeacefulpurposesbeganin1957,monthspriortothelaunchofthefirstartificialsatelliteintoEarth'

sorbit.Earlyproposalsforprohibitingtheuseofspaceformilitarypurposesandtheplacementofweaponsofmassdestructioninouterspacewereconsideredinthelate1950sandearly1960sbytheUnitedNations.

ExistingLegalFramework

TreatyonPrinciplesGoverningtheActivitiesofStatesintheExplorationandUseofOuterSpace,includingtheMoonandOtherCelestialBodies（"

OuterSpaceTreaty"

）enteredintoforcein1967,afterconsiderationbytheCommitteeonthePeacefulUsesofOuterSpaceandtheGeneralAssembly.TheTreatyprovidesthebasicframeworkforinternationalspacelaw.

Exhibitsatthe1968UNConferenceonPeacefulUsesofOuterSpaceinVienna,Austria

Inparticular,itprohibitstheplacementofnuclearweaponsoranyotherkindsofweaponsofmassdestructioninouterspaceandthestationingofsuchweaponsoncelestialbodies.Italsoestablishesbasicprinciplesrelatedtothepeacefuluseofouterspace.Thisincludesthattheexplorationanduseofouterspaceshallbecarriedoutforthebenefitandintheinterestsofallcountriesandthatthemoonandothercelestialbodiesshallnotbesubjecttonationalappropriationorclaimsofsovereignty.

EffortsbytheConferenceonDisarmament

Sincetheearly1980s,theConferenceonDisarmament（CD）hasconsideredfurtherproposalsundertheagendaitem"

preventionofanarmsraceinouterspace"

includingdrafttreatiesaimedatpreventingtheplacementofweaponsinouterspaceandprohibitingtheuseofanti-satelliteweapons.

In2006,theGovernmentsofChinaandtheRussianFederationintroducedthedrafttextofsuchatreatytotheCD.TheGeneralAssemblyhasalsoreservedtherighttoconsiderthematterandin1990requestedtheSecretary-General,withtheassistanceofagroupofgovernmentalexperts,tocarryoutastudyondifferentconfidence-buildingmeasuresinouterspace.Thatgroupdelivereditsreportin1993（A/48/305）.

CurrentEfforts—GroupofGovernmentalExperts

InitiallytabledintheFirstCommittee,theGeneralAssemblyadoptedresolutionA/RES/65/68 

inJanuaryof2011.ThemandatecalledupontheSecretary-Generaltoestablishagroupofgovernmentalexperts（GGE）toconductastudyonouterspacetransparencyandconfidence-buildingmeasures（TCBMs）.

TheGroupofGovernmentalExpertsattheMonumenttotheExplorersofSpaceonthegroundsoftheUNOfficeatGeneva

TheGGEheldthreesessions:

thefirstandthirdsessionsinNewYorkfrom 

23to27July2012andfrom8to12July2013respectivelyandthesecondsessioninGenevafrom1to5April2013.TheGroupsubmitteditsreport（A/68/189*）totheGeneralAssemblyatits68thsession.

Followingextensiveandin-depthdiscussions,theexpertsagreeduponasetofsubstantiveTCBMsforouterspaceactivitiesandrecommendedthatStatesconsiderandimplementthemonavoluntarybasis.TheseinparticularincludetheexchangeofdifferenttypesofinformationrelatingtoStates’spacepolicyandactivities,riskreductionnotificationsandexpertvisitstonationalspacefacilities.TheGrouphastakenstockofnumerousproposalsfromGovernmentsandchangesinthepoliticalandtechnologicalenvironmentsince1993andconsideredspecifictopicsrelatedtoTCBMs.Theseincludedbasicprinciples,criteria,transparencyandoperationalmeasuresandconsultativemechanisms,aswellasmeasuresofalegallybindingnature.TheGroupagreedtoreflectinthestudyexistingcommitmentsrelatedtonon-proliferation.TheexpertsalsorecognizedthegrowingroleofinternationalcooperationinouterspaceactivitiesforbuildingconfidenceandtrustamongStates.InordertofacilitatetheimplementationoftheTCBMsandpromotetheirfurtherdevelopment,theGGErecommendedestablishingcoordinationbetweentheOfficeforDisarmamentAffairs,theOfficeforOuterSpaceAffairsandotherappropriateUNentities.

Expertsfrom15countriescontributedtothefinaloutputoftheGroup:

Brazil,Chile,China,France,Italy,Kazakhstan,Nigeria,RepublicofKorea,Romania,RussianFederation,SouthAfrica,SriLanka,Ukraine,UnitedKingdomandUnitedStates.Mr.VictorVasilievoftheRussianFederationservedasitsChair.UNIDIRprovidedconsultativesupporttotheGGE.

TheRoleoftheUNOfficeforDisarmamentAffairs

TheUnitedNationsOfficeforDisarmamentAffairssupportstheeffortsbyMemberStatestopreventanarmsraceinouterspace.TheOfficeservedasthesecretariatoftheGGEontransparencyandconfidence-buildingmeasuresinouterspaceactivitiesandinthiscapacityprovidedadministrativeandsubstantivesupporttotheGroup.

DebatingOuterSpaceCooperation,FourthCommitteeHearsGrowingNumberofActorsinOuterSpaceCouldRiskSecurityofSpaceAssets,LimitScopeofPeacefulUses

∙GENERALASSEMBLY

MEETINGSCOVERAGE

Whilespacetechnologywasindispensableinaddressingissuesrelatedtosustainabledevelopmentanddisastermanagement,theinternationalcommunitymustworktogetherforitsharmonioususeandpreventthemilitarizationofouterspace,delegatesstressedtoday,astheFourthCommittee（SpecialPoliticalandDecolonization）continueditsconsiderationofinternationalcooperationinthepeacefulusesofouterspace.

Highlightingthemanywaysinwhichspacetechnologyhadprovenessential,notonlyforexploringouterspace,butalsoforaddressingmanyoftheglobalchallengesfacingtheworldtoday,therepresentativeofSweden,speakingonbehalfoftheEuropeanUnion,saidthatthegrowingnumberofactorsinouterspacecouldriskthesecurityofspaceassets. 

Whileadditionallegallybindingmultilateralcommitmentshadbeenproposedagainstmilitarythreats,findingwaysofmakingprogressintheshortterm,andagainstalltypesofthreats,wasessential. 

Voluntaryconfidence-andtransparency-buildingmeasureswouldallowrelativelyrapidadherencebyalargenumberofcountries,andcouldbringeffectivesecuritybenefits,hesaid.

Agreeingthatouterspaceshouldonlybepromotedforpeacefulpurposes,Pakistan’srepresentativeexpressedconcernthatspace,asa“commonheritageofmankind”,wasunderthreatofweaponizationandanarmsrace. 

TheinsistencebyStateswithmajorspacecapabilitiesonincorporatingtheuseofouterspaceinrespectivemilitarydoctrineswasadangeroustrend,whichwouldlimitthescopeandprogressonpeacefulusesofouterspace,aswellasjeopardizecommonsecurity. 

Confidence-buildingandgreatertransparencywereneededinthespaceactivitiesundertakenbyvariousStates,andnegotiationofacomprehensiveconventionwouldcontributetowardsthatgoal. 

SpeakersalsoemphasizedthattheUnitedNations,throughtheCommitteeonthePeacefulUsesofOuterSpace（COPUOS）andtheUnitedNationsPlatformforSpace-basedInformationforDisasterManagementandEmergencyResponse（UN-SPIDER）,shouldcontinuetoplayapivotalroleinensuringthatcountriesbroughtthebenefitsofspaceactivitiestopeoplearoundtheworld. 

TherepresentativeofUruguay,speakingonbehalfoftheSouthernCommonMarket（MERCOSUR）,saidthattheOuterSpaceCommitteehadbuiltaninvaluableheritageintheareaoflawandinternationalcooperationinouterspace,anditsessentialfunctionintheUnitedNationssystemshouldbemaintainedandstrengthened. 

Internationalcooperationwasthecornerstonetomaintainingtheuseofouterspacesolelyforpeacefuluses,andMERCOSURhadhighhopesforthesixthRegionalConferenceoftheAmericas,whichwouldtakeplaceinMexiconextyear. 

Anumberofdelegatesalsohighlightedtheurgentneedtoenhancecapacity-buildingsothatdevelopingcountriescouldexploitavailabledata. 

Pointingtotherecentearthquakeand