Fig 1 Energy spectrum of cosmic rays The spectrumWord格式.docx
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Fig 1 Energy spectrum of cosmic rays The spectrumWord格式.docx
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Fig.2AschematicviewofthetrajectoryforhighestenergycosmicraysinourGalaxy.EventhemagneticfielddoesexistatthehaloofourGalaxy,cosmicrayswithanenergyover6x1019eVwillflowout.
Fig.3aTheenergyspectraofcosmicraysathighestenergies.
BluetrianglesrepresentAGASAdatatakenbyshowercounter.RedandblacksymbolsrepresentFly’seyedatatakenatUtahbytheobservationoffluorescentlight.Acleardiscrepancycanbeseenforenergyexceeding1020eV.
Fig.3bThesameenergyspectraasFig.3abutmultipliedbyE3.
IncasetheabsolutevalueofAkenodata(redcircle)isshifted15%lowerinenergy,HiResIdata(bluesquare)coincidewithAGASAdataverywell.Blackcrossescorrespondtosimulationdata(notrealdata).OneofthemainpurposesofthisexperimentistocalibratetheabsolutevalueofthehighestenergycosmicrayexperimentsusingtheLHCbeam.SopresentexperimentmaybecalledasanenergycalibrationexperimentofAuger,TAandEUSOprojects.ThegraphhasbeencitedfromapaperbyD.De.Marcoetal.,Proceed.28thICRC,Vol.2(2003)655.
Fig.4Thedepthoftheshowermaximuminunitsofg/cm2isshownasafunctionoftheshowerenergy.Thesimulationspredictthatforagivenenergyirondominatedshowershaveshortdepthandprotondominatedshowershavelongdepth.Therearesignificantvariationsamongstthesimulationsthatneedtoberesolvedinordertoinfertheshowercompositionfromtheexperimentaldata.ResolvingthesevariationsisoneofthemainpurposesoftheproposedLHCexperiment.
Fig.5The“Y”beamtubevacuumchamber140mfromtheinteractionpoint.
The“Y”chambermakesthetransitionfromasinglebeamtubeintheinteractionregiontotwobeamtubesinthearcsoftheLHC.
Fig.6Somedetailsoftheshieldingaroundthe“Y”vacuumchambershowingtheslotintheshieldingthathasbeenallowedforinstrumentation.
Fig.7AmoredetaileddrawingoftheinstrumentationregionintheTAN.Thespacebetweenbeampipesis96mmwideand1011mmlong.
Fig8:
Thecalorimeterwillbelocatedbetweentowbeampipes.
Fig.9Aschematicviewofthetowercalorimeter.Itwillbecomposedofthreeindividualdiamondshapedcalorimetersinaverticalstack.
Fig.10Thethreecalorimetersaresupportedbythealuminumframe(theleftside)andthephotomultipliersaremountedinsidethealuminumframeinthepositionsshownintherightsidedrawing.
11a.Theshowertransitioncurvefor100GeV(red)and1TeVphotons(blue).
Fig11b:
Behaviouroftheshowerinducedbyahighenergyphotoninsidethetungstencalorimeter.Wrepresentsatungstenplate,Scincorrespondstoa3mmthickscintillatorandSciFimeansascintillationfiberdetectorfordeterminingthecenteroftheshowers.
Fig.12TheestimationofcornereffectbyM.C.calculation.TheresultshowsIfphotonsenterinside1.5mmfromthecorneroftheshowercounter,theenergyofphotonscanbereproduce
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