物流管理物流专业英语中英文Word格式.docx
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物流管理物流专业英语中英文Word格式.docx
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What’sthesourceofcompetitiveadvantage?
(竞争优势)
Thesourceofcompetitiveadvantageisfoundfirstlyintheabilityoftheorganizationtodifferentiateitself,intheeyesofthecustomers,fromitscompetitionandsecondlybyoperatingatalowercostandhenceatgreaterprofit.
竞争优势首先源于企业标新立异的能力,企业只有自身和众不同,才能于客户眼中脱颖而出;
其次,竞争优势源于比竞争对手更低的运营成本及因此获得的高利润。
Twovectorsofcompetitiveadvantage(俩大优势)
⏹1.Productivityadvantage
Inmanyindustriestherewilltypicallybeonecompetitorwhowillbethelowcostproducerand,thatcompetitorwillhavethegreatestsalesvolumeinthesector.
任何行业中均有制造成本低廉的竞争者,这些竞争者通常也于该领域有着最大销量。
当提到成本优势时就会提到“规模
2Valueadvantage
⏹Anaxiom:
Customersdon’tbuyproducts,theybuybenefits.消费者不是购买产品,而是购买利益。
☐Itmeans:
Theproductispurchasednotforitselfbutforthepromiseofwhatitwill‘deliver’.产品被购买不是因为产品本身,而是因为它所提供的利益
Bytraditionviewpoint,howtogaincoatreduction?
(降低成本)
Traditionally,ithasbeensuggestedthatthemainroutetocostreductionwasbygaininggreatersalesvolumeandtherecanbenodoubtaboutthecloselinkagebetweenrelativemarketshareandrelativecosts.
HoweveritmustalsoberecognizedthatLogisticsmanagementcanprovideamultitudeofwaystoincreaseefficiencyandproductivityandhencecontributesignificantlytoreducedunitcosts
于提高效益和生产力、降低单位成本上,物流管理能够提供更多的方法。
Whydocompaniesseektoaddadditionalvalues?
(附加价值)
⏹Unlesstheproductorservicecanbedistinguishedinsomewayfromitscompetitorsthereisastronglikelihoodthatthemarketplacewillviewitasa‘commodity’andsothesalewilltendtogotothecheapestsupplier.Socompaniesmustseektoaddadditionalvaluestotheirofferingtomarkitoutfromthecompetition.
Addingvaluethroughdifferentiationisapowerfulmeansofachievingadefensibleadvantageinthemarket.
要想于市场中成功获得对手无法轻松赶超的优势,就得考虑通过差异性提高价值。
Howtoachieveacostadvantage?
(如何获得成本优势)
⏹Anincreasinglypowerfulroutetoachievingacostadvantagecomesnottonecessarilythroughvolumeandtheeconomiesofscalebutinsteadthroughlogisticsmanagement
依靠销量和经济规模来取得成本优势变得越发无效,取而代之的是依靠物流管理。
3.Gainingcompetitiveadvantagethroughlogistics
⏹Logisticsmanagementhasthepotentialtoassisttheorganizationintheachievementofbothacost/productivityadvantageandavalueadvantage(seefigure1.6).物流管理能帮助企业于成本和价值俩方面同时取得优势。
Theunderlyingphilosophybehindthelogisticsconceptisthatofplanningandco-ordinatingthematerialsflowfromsourcetouserasanintegratedsystemratherthan,aswassooftenthecaseinthepast,managingthegoodsflowasaseriesofindependentactivities
(物流概念中有这样壹个内于的原理):
应该把从原料到客户的物料流通,作为壹体化的系统进行计划和协调,而不要像过去那样将管理物料流通作为壹系列独立的活动。
⏹Thusunderalogisticsmanagementregimethegoalistolinkthemarketplace,thedistributionnetwork,themanufacturingprocessandtheprocurementactivityinsuchawaythatcustomersareservicedatahigherlevelandyetatalowercost.
⏹Inotherwordstoachievethegoalofcompetitiveadvantagethroughbothcostreductionandserviceenhancement.
加强营销、网络系统配送、制造过程、采购活动的联系,以更低的成本实现更优质的服务。
4.Themissionoflogisticsmanagement
Themissionoflogisticsmanagementistoplanandco-ordinateallactivitiesnecessarytoachievedesiredlevelsofdeliveredserviceandqualityatlowestpossiblecost.
物流管理的使命是计划和协调所有必要活动,以便于达到期望的服务水平和产品质量的同时,尽可能降低成本
⏹于传统企业中,营销和制造活动的关系如何?
应如何改善(P13)?
Marketingrecognition
⏹Marketingasaconceptandphilosophyofcustomerorientationnowenjoysawideracceptancethaneverinthewesternworld.
⏹Itisnowgenerallyacceptedthattheneedtounderstandandmeetcustomerrequirementisaprerequisiteforsurvival.
Manufacturingrecognition
⏹Atthesametime,inthesearchforimprovedcostcompetitiveness,manufacturingmanagementhasbeenthesubjectofamassiverenaissance.
⏹NewideasFMSandnewinventoryapproachessuchas,JIT,MRPhavebeenintroduced.
Procurementrecognition
Equallytherehasbeenagrowingrecognitionofthecriticalrolethatprocurementplaysincreatingandsustainingcompetitiveadvantageaspartofanintegratedlogisticsprocess.
作为壹体化物流的壹部分,于创造和维持竞争优势上,采购扮演着日趋重要的角色
⏹Inthisschemeofthings,logisticsisthereforeessentiallyanintegrativeconceptthatseekstodevelopasystem-wideviewofthefirm.
因此,从本质上讲,物流管理就是壹体化的概念,这壹概念要求从系统的角度审视企业。
5.Thesupplychainandcompetitiveperformance
(供应链定义)Thesupplychainisthenetworkoforganizationsthatareinvolved,throughupstreamanddownstreamlinkages,inthedifferentprocessesandactivitiesthatproducevalueintheformofproductsandservicesinthehandsoftheultimateconsumer.
供应链是相互关联的企业形成的网络,要求位于上下游的企业间相互联系,于不同进程和活动中以产品或服务的形式创造对客户有用的价值。
⏹Logisticsisessentiallyaplanningorientationandframeworkthatseekstocreateasingleplanfortheflowofproductandinformationthroughabusiness.
⏹Supplychainmanagementbuildsupontheframeworkandseekstoachievelinkageandco-ordinationbetweenprocessesofotherentitiesinthepipeline,i.e.suppliersandcustomers,andtheorganizationitself.
供应链管理给出这个框架,且于整个链条的各环节之间实现无缝连接和合作,如于供应商、客户及组织自身之间。
ThedefinitionofSCM(SCM定义)
⏹Themanagementofupstreamanddownstreamrelationshipswithsuppliersandcustomerstodeliversuperiorcustomervalueatlesscosttothesupplychainasawhole.
供应链管理是从供应链整体出发,管理上游供应商和下游客户,以更低的成本传递给客户更多的价值。
⏹Thusthefocusofsupplychainmanagementisuponthemanagementorrelationshipsinordertoachieveamoreprofitableoutcomeforallpartiesinthechain.
TheextendingdefinitionofSCM(扩展的SCM定义)
⏹Anetworkofconnectedandinterdependentorganizationsmutuallyandco-operativelyworkingtogethertocontrol,manageandimprovetheflowofmaterialsandinformationfromsupplierstoendusers.
供应链是个由相互联系、相互依靠的组织构成的网络,这些组织相互合作、共同运营,控制、管理且改进从供应商到客户的物料流和信息流
6.Thechanginglogisticsenvironment
⏹Timecompression
Oneofthemostvisiblefeaturesofrecentyearshasbeenthewayinwhichtimehasbecomeacriticalissueinmanagement.
Anewandfundamentallydifferentapproachtothemanagementoflogisticsleadtimesisrequired.
⏹Globalizationofindustry(全球化企业)
Aglobalcompanyismorethanamultinationalcompany.Intheglobalbusinessmaterialsandcomponentsaresourcedworldwide,manufacturedoffshoreandsoldinmanydifferentcountriesperhapswithlocalcustomization.
全球化企业不仅仅是跨国公司,它于全球范围内购买原材料和组件,于沿海制造产品,于不同的国家销售,可能也要考虑地方用户特色。
⏹Onecapabilitythatisnowregardedbymanycompaniesasfundamentaltosuccessinthemarketplaceisthemanagementofinboundandoutboundlogistics.
有壹种能力现已被大多数公司视为市场中获胜的基础,那就是对企业进向和去向物流的管理。
Thethreekeyissuesofmanaginglogistics(物流管理三个问题)
⏹Responsiveness
Intoday’smarkets,thesupplierhastobeabletomeetthepreciseneedsofcustomersinlesstimethaneverbefore.
Thekeywordinthischangedenvironmentisagility.
可靠性只能依靠重新设计那些影响操作的过程来获得。
提高物流可靠性的要点之壹是提高供应链可视性。
⏹Relationships
Moreandmorecompaniesarediscoveringtheadvantagesthatcanbegainedbyseekingmutuallybeneficial,long-termrelationshipswithsuppliers.
Relationshipisonethatwillhavetoprevailinthefutureassupplychaincompetitionbecomesthenorm.
越来越多的企业发现,竞争优势能够来自壹种双赢的模式,即同供应商建立长期合作的良好关系。
相互依存是壹种未来必将盛行的模式,尤其是当供应链竞争成为了标准的竞争模式时。
Chapter2
Thecustomerservicedimension
1.Themarketingandlogisticsinterface市场营销和物流相互关联
Whatarethetwofactorswhichcontributedmosttothegrowingimportanceofcustomerservice
⏹Twofactorstothegrowingimportanceofcustomerservice:
1.Thecontinualdevelopmentofcustomerexpectations.
2.Theslowbutinexorabletransitiontowards‘commodity’typemarkets.
持续上涨的客户期望。
向“无差异商品”市场的过渡,这是壹个缓慢却不可避免的过程
2.Whatiscustomerservice?
客户服务能够从三个方面来检查:
⏹LaLondeandZinszersuggestedthatcustomerservicecouldbeexaminedunderthreeheadings:
1.Pre-transactionelements交易前要素
2.Transactionelements交易中要素
3.Post-transactionelements交易后要素
Whyisitessentialforanybusinesstohaveaclearlyidentifiedpolicytowardscustomerservice?
ItisbecauseofthemultivariatenatureOfcustomerserviceandbecauseofThewidelydifferingrequirementsofSpecificmarkets.
正是因为客户服务的多样性,以及具体市场上宽泛且且变化多端的需求,使得拥有壹套明确的客户服务策略对每个企业的意义不言而喻。
3.Customerserviceandcustomerretention
Lifetimevalue
Theimportanceofcustomerretentionis
underlinedbytheconceptofthe‘lifetime
value’ofacustomer.
Lifetimevalue=Averagetransactionvalue×
yearlyfrequencyofpurchase
×
customer‘lifeexpectancy’
客户保持的重要性能够通过客户“终身价值”的概念体现出来。
⏹Howtomeasurecustomerretention?
Asimplemeasureofcustomerretentionistoaskthequestion:
’howmanyofthecustomersthatwehad12monthsagodowestillhavetoday?
’
4.Service-drivenlogisticssystems
⏹Theroleoflogisticscanbeseenasthedevelopmentofsystemsandthesupporting
co-ordinationprocesstoensurethatcustomerservicegoalsaremet.
Thisistheideaoftheservice-drivenlogisticssystem——asystemthatisdesignedtomeetdefinedservicegoals.
Identifyingcustomer’serviceneeds
1.Identifythekeycomponentsofcustomerserviceasseenbycustomersthemselves.
2.Establishtherelativeimportanceofthoseservicecomponentstocustomers.
3.Identify‘clusters’ofcustomersaccordingtosimilarityofservicepreferences.
找出于客户眼中关键的客户服务因素。
设定客户服务要素的相对重要性。
根据服务需求相似性,划分客户群。
Thewholepurposeoflogisticsstrategyistoprovidecustomerswiththeleverandqualityofservicethattheyrequireandtodosoatlesscosttothetotalsupplychain.
供应链及物流管理的全部目的于于,保证供应链总成本增幅较小的同时,按客户要求提供服务。
Onefrequentlyencounteredmeasureoftheperfectorder:
On-time:
90%
In-full:
80%
Error-free:
70%
Theactualprefectorderachievement:
90%×
80%×
70%=50.4%
⏹Thechallengetocustomerservicemanagement?
(P53)
5.Settingcustomerservicepriorities设定客户服务优先级
Sincenotallourcustomersareequallyprofitablenorareourproductsequallyprofitable,shouldnotthehighestservicebegiventokeycustomersandkeyproducts?
既然且非所有客户均带来高利润率,不同产品对利润的贡献程度也截然不同,难道不应对核心客户和核心产品设定最高的服务优先级?
Customerserviceandthe80/20rule
6.Settingservicestandards
Customerserviceisamulti-facete
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