职场英语系列教材建筑英语张莉文档格式.docx
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职场英语系列教材建筑英语张莉文档格式.docx
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Unit5
TheDevelopmentoftheAmerican
Constructions
美国五角大楼
Unit6
TheSummerPalace
北京故宫
Unit7
ModernArchitectureinBeijing
奥林匹克公园
Unit8
BetterCity,Betterlife
2010年上海世界博览会
UNITONE
FocalPoints
SentenceStructures
Sth.issimilartosth.else.
translate...into...
PartⅠVocabularyandStructure
Text
CareerinCivilEngineering
Asweknow,engineeringisaprofession,whichmeansthatanengineermusthaveaspecializeduniversityeducation.Manycountriesalsorequireengineeringgraduatestopassanexamination,similartothebarexaminationsforalawyeroradoctor,beforetheycanstartontheircareers.
Intheuniversity,mathematics,physics,andchemistryareconsideredveryimportantthroughouttheengineeringcurriculum,particularlyinthefirsttwoorthreeyears.Mathematics,ofcourse,isveryimportantincivilengineering.Soitisgreatlystressed.Today,mathematicsincludescoursesinstatistics,whichdealswithgathering,classifying,andusingnumericaldata,orpiecesofinformation.Animportantpartofstatisticalmathematicsisprobability.whichdealswithwhatmayhappenwhentherearedifferentfactorsthatcanchangetheresultsofaproblem.Beforetheconstructionofabridgeisbegun,forexample,astatisticalstudyismadeoftheamountoftrafficthebridgewillbeexpectedtocontrol.Inthedesignofthebridge.Factorssuchaswaterpressureonthefoundations,theeffectsofdifferentwindforces,andmanyotherfactorsmustbeconsidered.
Inanengineeringprogram.Theproblemofdesigningastructuretowithstandtheforcesofgravity,wind,andearthquakesisusuallyaddressedthroughanotherseriesofcourses.Beginningwithalgebraandtrigonometry(usuallycoveredinhighschool)andphysics,mostschoolsrequireatleastonecourseincalculusanddescriptivegeometrybeforetheintroductionofengineeringstatics(adevelopmentofthestudyofvectorforces,fromelementaryphysics).Theremaybeanadditionalcourseonstructuralmaterials,particularlyinengineering-orientedprograms.Theactualstructurecoursesmaybedoneinvarioussequencesbyreferencetothetypeofstructuralelement(beam,column,etc.),orthestructuralmaterialitself(timber,steel,reinforcedconcrete,prestrssedconcrete).Eachmaterialhasdifferentcharacteristicsandrequiresseparateconsiderations,buttheultimateobjectiveintheengineeringsenseistodeterminethemostefficient(economical)systemthatcanbecoordinatedwiththedesignsolution.Obviously,thedesignaffectsthestructuralsystemandviceversa.Todaymostfinalstructuralcalculationsaredonebyspecialists.Amasteryisnotessentialforthearchitect,butanunderstandingis.Again,theemphasisinthisareawillvarywidelyfromprogramtoprogram.
Becauseagreatdealofcalculationisinvolvedinsolvingtheseproblems,computerprogrammingisnowincludedinalmostallengineeringcurricula.Computers,ofcourse,cansolvemanyproblemsinvolvingcalculationswithgreaterspeedandaccuracythanahumanbeingcan.Butcomputersareuselessunlesstheyaregivenclearandaccurateinstructionsandinformation-inotherwords,agoodprogram.
Inspiteoftheimportanceoftechnicalsubjectsintheengineeringcurriculum,acurrenttrendistorequirestudentstotakecoursesinthesocialsciencesandthelanguagearts.Wehavealreadydiscussedtherelationshipbetweenengineeringandsociety.Itis,therefore,sufficienttosayagainthattheworkdonebyanengineeraffectssocietyinmanydifferentandimportantwaysthatheorsheshouldunderstand.Anengineeralsoneedsagoodcommandoflanguagetobeabletopreparereportsthatareclearandpersuasive.Anengineerdoingresearchworkwillneedtobeabletowriteuphisorherfindingsforpublications.
Thelasttwoyearsofanengineeringprogramincludesubjectswithinthestudent’sfieldofspecialization.Forthestudentwhoispreparingtobecomeacivilengineer,thespecializedcoursesmaydealwithsuchsubjectsassoilmechanics,orhydraulics.
Intoday’ssociety,peoplewhohavetechnicaltrainingare,ofcourse,indemand.Youngengineersmaychoosetogointoenvironmentalengineering,forexample.Theymaychooseconstructionfirmsthatspecializeinhighwaywork.Theymayprefertoworkwithoneofthegovernmentagenciesthatdealwithwaterresources.Indeed,choicesaremanyandvaried.
Whentheyoungengineerhasfinallystartedrealpractice,thetheoreticalknowledgeacquiredintheuniversitymustbeapplied.Heorshewillprobablyworkwithateamofengineersatthebeginning.Thus,on-the-jobtrainingcanbeacquiredthatwilldemonstratehisorherabilitytotranslatetheoryintopractice.
Thecivilengineermayworkinresearch,design,constructionsupervision,maintenance,oreveninmanagement.Eachoftheseareasinvolvesdifferentdutiesanddifferentusesoftheengineer’sknowledgeandexperience.
WordsandExpressions
NewWords
career/kE'
rIE/n.生涯,经历;
职业
engineering/endVI5nIErIN/n.工程,工程学;
工程师行业
profession/prE'
feFEn/n.专业,职业
graduate/'
grAdjueIt/n.大学毕业生
lawyer/5lC:
jE/n.律师
curriculum/kE'
rIkjulEm/n.课程
(curricula/kE'
rIkjulE/pl.)
particularly/pE'
tIkjulE/ad.尤其,特别
stress/stres/v.应力,强调
statistics/stEtIstIks/n.统计,统计学
classify/kla:
sIfaI/v.分类
numerical/nju:
'
mErIkEl/adj.数字的
datum/deItEm/n.数据,资料
(data/deItE/pl.)
statistical/stE'
tIstIkEl/adj.统计的
design/dI5zaIn/v.设计
program/5prEugrAm/n.程序,计划
algebra/'
AldVbrE/n.代数
trigonometry/trIgE'
nCmItrI/n.三角
calculus/'
kAlkjulEs/n.微积分
geometry/dVI'
CmEtrI/n.几何
statics/5stAtIks/n.静力学
vector/5vekt\:
/n.向量
timber/'
tImbE/n.木材;
木料
concrete/5kCnkri:
t/n.混凝土
prestress/pri:
5stres/v.给……预加应力
n.预应力
coordinate/kEJ5C:
dIneIt/v.使配合,使合作
/kEJ5C:
dnEt/n.坐标
emphasis/5emfEsIs/v.强调,重点
accuracy/5AkjurEsI/n.准确性,准确度
unless/5Qnles/conj.除非
accurate/'
AkjurEt/n.准确的
current/5kQrEnt/adj.目前的,现行的
trend/trend/n.倾向,趋势
social/5sEJFEl/adj.社会的
sufficient/sE'
fIFEnt/adj.充分的
persuasive/pE'
sweIsIv/adj.有说服力的
finding/5faIndIN/adj.研究结果,发现
publication/pQblI5keIFEn/n.刊物,出版
specialization/speFElaI5zeIFEn/n.专业化,技术规范
hydraulics/haI5drC:
lIks/n.水力学
environmental/InvaIErEn'
mentEl/adj.环境的
firm/f\:
m/n.公司
prefer/prIf\:
/v.更喜欢
agency/'
eIdVEnsI/n.部门,机构
acquire/E5kwaIE/v.获得
demonstrate/5demEnstreIt/v.论证,演示
supervision/sjJpE5vIVEn/n.监督;
管理
maintenance/meIn5tenEns/v.养护,维修
UsefulExpressions
similarto与……相似的
starton开始,从事
descriptivegeometry画法几何(学)
engineering-orientedprograms偏重工程技术的(教学)计划
invarioussequences以各种各样的顺序
byreferenceto参考
separateconsiderations分别考虑;
分别研究
viceversa反之也是这样
humanbeing人
writeup写成
gointo深入研究,参加
specializein专门从事
translate…into…转变为,翻译为
NotestoText
1.Manycountriesalsorequireengineeringgraduatestopassanexamination,similartothebarexaminationsforalawyeroradoctor,beforetheycanstartontheircareers.
similartothebarexaminationsforalawyeroradoctor分词短语作定语,相当于定语从句whichissimilartothebarexaminationsforalawyeroradoctor
similarto,与……相似的
e.g.Hisstancetowardsthestoryisquite
similar
to
ours.
他对该报道的态度和我们很相像。
2.Obviously,thedesignaffectsthestructuralsystemandviceversa.
viceversa,反之亦然
e.g.Wegossipaboutthemand
vice
versa.
(=theygossipaboutus).
我们谈论他们,他们也谈论我们.
3.Inspiteoftheimportanceoftechnicalsubjectsintheengineeringcurriculum,acurrenttrendistorequirestudentstotakecoursesinthesocialsciencesandthelanguagearts.
inspiteof,虽然,尽管
e.g.
In
spite
of
herhostility,shewasattractedtohim.
尽管自己心存敌意,她还是为他所吸引。
4.Thus,on-the-jobtrainingcanbeacquiredthatwilldemonstratehisorherabilitytotranslatetheoryintopractice.
translate...into...
1).转变为e.g.Wemustmakeeffortsto
translate
ourideal
into
reality.
我们必须努力把理想变为现实.
2).翻译e.g.CanyoutranslatethisarticleintoEnglish?
你能把这篇文章翻译成为英语吗?
PartⅡTitbits
职场英语趣味小知识
关于土木工程行业考证和晋职称:
关于考证:
注册结构师、注册造价师、注册监理工程师、房地产评估师、注册建筑师、注册建造师、注册岩土工程师等。
对于那些需要过基础课的考试,要先过基础课,如注册结构师、注册岩土工程师等,工作若干后才可考专业课。
有的不需要基础课,但专业工龄要求较长,如:
注册造价师、注册监理工程师,其中注册监理工程师必须具有工程师职称并且在取得职称后工作后三年,是要求条件最高的。
其它的只对学历有要求,对职称没有具体的要求。
考证是大势所趋,也是社会公平竞争的一种方式,对那些愿意学习的人是非常有帮助的。
关于晋职称:
大专毕业后三年评助理工程师,证上助理工程师后四年评工程师,即大专毕业后七年可晋工程师。
大专毕业原则上不允许评高级工程师。
本科毕业后一年后自动转为助理工程师,评为助理工程师后四年评工程师。
即本科毕业五年后评工程师。
在获工程师职称五年后可有资格评高级工程师。
硕士毕业后2-3年评工程师,博士毕业后1年评工程师。
Exercises
Task1Answerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothepassage.
1.Whatisengineering?
2.Intheuniversity,whatsubjectsareconsideredveryimportantthroughouttheengineering
curriculum,particularlyinthefirsttwoorthreeyears?
3.Whatdoesmathematicsincludetoday?
4.Whatisusuallyaddressedthroughanotherseriesofcourses?
5.Whathasdifferentcharacteristicsandrequiresseparateconsiderations?
6.Whyiscomputerprogrammingnowincludedinalmostallengineeringcurricula
7.Whoneedsagoodcommandoflanguagetobeabletopreparereportsthatareclearandpersuasive?
8.Whenmustthetheoreticalknowledgeacquiredintheuniversitybeapplied?
9.Wheremaythecivilengineerwork?
10.Whatdoeseachoftheseareasinvolve?
Task2TranslatethefollowingintoChinese.
1.theycanmoreeasilycopewithdifficultiesinfuturelife,I’mgivingmychildrenagoodeducation.
A)ThatB)SothatC)InorderthatD)Forthepurposeof
2.Asthecenteroflearningsh
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