广东小升初英语专题教案讲义第九讲阅读理解Word文件下载.docx
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广东小升初英语专题教案讲义第九讲阅读理解Word文件下载.docx
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② Which of the following is Not mentioned in the text?
③ The author/passage states that...
④ All the following is true except...
⑤ According to the passage, 5w and 1h (when/where/why/what/who/how)..?
⑥ In what order are the following mentioned in the text?
【总结】
细节题考查的方式很多,一般包括:
1)
是非判断题;
2)
特殊疑问词提问类型题;
3)
排序题。
根据文章中某个细节,提出问题,______
(能/不能)在文章找出答案,需要我们认真细读文章的每个细节。
(2)解题步骤:
步骤一:
读题(只看问题不看选项,以免增加干扰,先入为主),找出关键词
一些同学往往抓不住什么是关键词,下面给出一些关键词的表现:
① 题目中带有大写或斜体的词 (专有名词)
② 题目中年代,数字和百分数有关的词(数词)
③ 比较醒目的名词(长的词)
④ 出题顺序多半和行文顺序相同
步骤二:
带着关键词,回读原文,找到定位句。
(一句或两句)
找到定位句没必要一下搞懂它的意思,因为有的句子要结合上下文才能理解,这时候只是简单的看下原句的整个句子表达跟答案选项中句子有哪些出入,一般分为以下三种情况:
① 与定位句相近,但是替换了个别词
② 与定位句意思相反
③ 定位句之外的,即表达跟定位句不是一个东西
步骤三:
读懂定位句
脑海中要大致有个印象。
这时候就要细心读定位句了。
出题人思路一般有以下两个:
① 无中生有,即根据定位点的内容,四个选项只有一个没有提到,这种思路多适用于选项比较简短的题目;
② 张冠李戴,即根据定位点的内容表述,只有一个选项与之矛盾,这种思路多适应于选项比较长的题目。
步骤四:
再次对比选项,找出与定位句意思相同或表达的意思相同的选项。
注意,是意思相同,不是句型最接近,很多同学就在这儿栽跟头了。
很多考题看起来答案跟原文没差别,事实上他们会把经常替换把有时候,有一些替换为很多,考生如果稍不注意就会很容易出错。
此外。
这类题一般可以直接答,没必要采取排除法。
因为一是浪费时间,二是答案以外的选项都是胡编乱造的。
(A)
Once upon a time, there was a large mountainside, where an eagle’s nest rested. There were four large eagle eggs in the eagle’s nest. One day an earthquake rocked the mountain and one of the eggs to roll down the mountain to a chicken farm located in the valleybelow. The hens began to protect and care for the large egg.
One day, the egg hatched (孵化)andabeautifuleaglewasborn.Sadly,however,theeaglewasraisedasachicken. Soon, the eagle believed he was nothingmore than a chicken.Theeaglelovedhis home andfamily, but his spirit cried out for more.While playing a game onthe farm one day, the eagle looked tothe sky above and noticed a group of strongeaglesflyingin the sky. Oh,” the eagle cried, “I wish Icould fly like those birds.”Thechickenslaughedathim,youcannotflylikethosebirds.Youareachickenandchickens cannot fly.”
The eagle continued looking at his real family, dreaming that he could be with them.Each time the eagle would let his dream be known. He was told it couldn’t be done. Thatis what the eagle learned tobelieve. The eagle, at last,stopped dreaming and continuedtolivehis life like a chicken. Finally, aftera long life as a chicken, the eagle died.
The moral of the story:
You become what you believe you are, so if you ever dreamto become an eagle, follow your dreams but not the words of a children.
词汇积累:
mountainside/'
maʊntɪnsaɪd/
n.
山腰;
山坡
eagle/'
iːg(ə)l/
n.
鹰
nest/nest/
巢earthquake/'
ɜːθkweɪk/
地震
rock
/rɒk/
v.
摇动
roll/rəʊl/
v.
滚动
located
/ləu'
keitid/
adj.
位于valley/'
væ
lɪ/
山谷
below/bɪ'
ləʊ/
prep.
在…下面protect/prə'
tekt/
保护
hatch/hæ
tʃ/
孵
raise
/reɪz/
提高;
养育
notice/'
nəʊtɪs/
注意到
continue
/kən'
tɪnjuː/
继续
moral/'
mɒr(ə)l/
道德;
寓意
follow
/'
fɒləʊ/v.
跟随;
追随
(1)Why did the hens protect and care for the large egg?
A. The hens wanted to make friends with the eagle.
B. The hens knew that the eagle would kill them if they didn’t do so.
C. The hens thought it was one of their eggs.
D. The hens wanted to eat it when it became an eagle.
(2) What was the difference between the eagle and other eagles?
A. He could fly higher than other eagles.
B. He believed he was only a chicken.
C. He wanted to eat the chickens one day. D. He was sure that he could fly high one day.
(3) Why did the eagle believe he could not fly high?
A. He was told he could not do that again and again and believed at last.
B. He tried several times but he failed.
C. He would be beaten by hens when he tried.
D. He thought eagles could not fly high.
(B)
When you are learning English, you find it not clever to put an English sentence, word for word,into your own language. Take the sentence“How do you do?
”as an example.Ifyoulook up each word in the dictionary, one at a time, what is your translation?
It mustbe a wrong sentence in your ownlanguage.
Language do not just have different sounds, they are different in many ways. It’simportanttomasterthe rules for word order in the study of English,too.If the speakers putwordsin awrong order, the listener can’t understand the speaker’s sentence easily.Sometimeswhen the order of words in anEnglish sentence changes, the meaning of thesentencechanges.
But sometimes the order changes,the meaning of the sentencedoesn’tchange. Let’sseethedifference between the two sentences.
“She only likes apples.”“Only she likes apples.”
“I have seen the film already.”“I have already seen the film.”
When you are learning English, you must do your best to get the spirit of the language and use itas the English speakers do.
sentence/'
sent(ə)ns/
句子
own
/əʊn/adj.
自己的
language/'
læ
ŋgwɪdʒ/
语言
dictionary/'
dɪkʃ(ə)n(ə)rɪ/
字典
translation/træ
ns'
leɪʃ(ə)n;
trɑːns-;
-nz-/
翻译
master/'
mɑːstə/v.
精通rules
/ruːlz/n./数/
规则
order/'
ɔːdə/
命令;
顺序
difference/'
dɪf(ə)r(ə)ns/
差异spirit
spɪrɪt/
精神
speaker/'
spiːkə/
演讲者;
说话者
(1) From the passage we know that __________ when we are learning English.
A. we must read word by word
B. we need to put every word into our own language
C. we shouldn’t put every word into our own language
D. we shouldn’t look up every word in the dictionary
(2) The writer thinks it is __________ in learning English.
A. important to master the rules in different ways
B. difficult to understand different sounds
C. possible to remember the word order
D. easy to master the rules for word order
(二)理解大意题
主旨大意就是反映文章主题思想,主题思想往往借助与主题句来体现,主题句往往存在于文章开头,结尾或中间。
1) 考查文章的中心思想
The main idea/key point of this passage is that…
The passage is mainly about…
From the passage we can learn/conclude that…
2) 考查文章标题的选择
The best title/headline for this passage is…
Which of the following is the best title?
What would be the best title for the text?
3) 考查作者的写作态度和意图
The writer’s purpose in writing this story is…
The writer’s attitude toward is…
The passage mainly tellsus about …
(2) 解题要领
做这类题,首先要找出文章的主题句。
找出文章的主题句,也就明确了文章要讲什么,再通过速读全文,就可以把握文章的中心思想了。
主题句位置一般位于段首(文章结构为总分),于段尾(文章结构为分总),于段首+段尾(文章结构为总分总),于段中(文章结构为引题,点题,分述)。
对于没有主题句的文章,可以概括各段意义,进行全面分析推理,然后归纳概括主题句。
但要注意,不能以偏概全,也不能在概括时过于宽泛,要恰如其分。
(3) 解题技巧
1) 根据文章意思全面理解归纳概括出来。
2) 不能太笼统、言过其实或者以偏概全。
3) 多留意这三种类型的干扰项。
a. 可能属于文中某个具体事实或者细节。
b. 可能属于文中某些(不完全的)事实或细节片面推出的错误结论。
c. 可能是属于非文章中的主观臆断。
Once upon a time, there was a large mountainside, where an eagle’s nest rested.
......
The moralof the story:
You become what you believe you are, so if you ever dream to become an eagle, follow your dreams but not the words of a children.
(1)What does the passage mainly want to tell us?
A. Eagles can higher than hens. B. Try hard to become what you want to be.
C. Hens cannot fly.
D. You should be the same as others.
When you are learning English, you find it not clever to put an English sentence, word for word,into your own language.
...... ”
When you are learning English, you must do your best to get the spirit of the language and use itasthe English speakers do.
(1)Which is the best title for this passage?
A. How to speak English?
B. How to Learn English?
C. How to Put English into Our Own Language?
D. Different Orders, Different Meanings
(1) 考查方式
① The word “…”in the …paragraph means …
② The sentence “…”means …
③ What does the underlined word “…”probably mean?
④ The word “…”in the …paragraph means …in Chinese.
⑤ Here “…”means …
1) 文中找线索或者信息词;
2) 根据熟悉的词及词意判断新单词之意;
3) 根据上下文判断词汇在特定句中确切意思。
(3) 具体解题技巧
① 同义法:
常在词或者短语之间有并列连词and或or,它们连词内容在含义上是最近的或递进的,由此可以推测。
② 反义对比法:
如:
big and small,lost and win等,或前句为肯定,后句为否定。
或者,通过表示转折关系的连词如instead, yet;
but;
however来联系上下文比较、对照,找出为生词埋下的伏笔或作出的暗示。
总之,词与词之间都起着互为线索的作用。
③ 释义法:
对文章中的生词用定语从句、表语甚至逗号、 “in other words, that’s to say, namely”等词或短语、破折号等标点符号并加以说明。
④ 举例法:
在一些文章中,下文所举的例子(如for example/for instance/such as/like/namely)给考生猜测词义提供线索。
⑤ 构词法:
前缀通常改变原来词语的词义,而不改变原来词语的词性。
后缀通常改变原来词语的词性,但对词义的影响有时不明显,有时很明显。
⑥ 常识法:
考生利用生活常识、英语国家文化常识进行猜测词义。
You become what you believe you are, so if you ever dream to become an eagle, follow your dreams but not the words of a chicken.
(1)What does the underlined word “moral” mean in Chinese?
A. 道德 B. 精神 C. 品德 D. 寓意
① We can learn from the passage that…?
② Why did the writer…?
③ What is the real meaning of the writer’s words?
推理判断题要求我们根据原文,经过推理,进行判断,从而得出结论,所以推理判断题的答案_________
(能/不能)在文中直接找出。
但是,推理时务必要忠实于原文,在文章中寻找可推论的依据,切忌妄加评论,把自己的观点当成作者的观点。
(2)解题步骤
抓住特定关键信息,进行正向或逆向推理
做此类试题要善于抓住某些关键词或短语去分析、推理、判断,利用正向推理或逆向思维,从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。
利用作者的思想感情进行推断
根据文章的结论推断作者的态度:
作者态度、倾向是指作者对陈述的观点是赞同、反对还是犹豫不定,对记叙或描写的人、物或事件等是赞颂、同情、冷漠还是厌恶、憎恨。
根据上下文的逻辑关系得出结论
不同的文章有不同的写作方法和文章结构。
但是,在任何一篇文章中,段与段之间、句与句之间都存在着某种逻辑关系。
例如因果,并列,递进,转折和让步等关系。
抓住了逻辑关系,也就把握住了作者的写作思路和写作意图。
结合常识进行推断
有些文章,如科普类说明文、记叙类时政要闻等文体具有一定的背景知识。
因此解答此类文章的题目,除了把握相关文段的细节外,还应注意充分运用自己的常识,结合题目去分析推理。
When you are learning English, you must do your best to get the spirit of the language and
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