人教版八年级英语下册Unit16知识点总结Word文件下载.docx
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人教版八年级英语下册Unit16知识点总结Word文件下载.docx
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runsth.underwater在水流下冲洗r
feelsick感到恶心
haveanosebleed流鼻血
putone’sheadback头后仰
gethitonthehead头部受撞击
mountainclimbing登山运动
beincontrolof掌握,管理
inadifficultsituation在困境中
loseone’slife丧命
takerisks冒险
giveadvice提建议
二、
1.back
n.背,背部atthebackof…在…的后面
adv.回原处,往回去go/getback返回giveback归还
2.hand
n.手handinhand手拉手
v.交给,传递handin上交handon依次传递handout分发
3.withprep.
具有,表示某物具有某种特征反义词without
coffeewithsugar加糖的咖啡Chinaisacountrywithlonghistory.
和…在一起talk/playwithsb.Iliketotalkfreelywithmyfriends.
用…,使用某种工具Cutitwithaknife.Writewithapen.
作状语Hecameinwithabigsmile.
4.needv.需要,用于肯定句是实义动词
作为情态动词仅用于否定结构和疑问句或if/weather引导的宾语从句
needsth.需要某物Ineedyourhelp.
人做主语sb.needtodosth.某人需要做某事Doyouneedtodrinkmorewater?
物做主语sth.needdoingsth.=sth.needtobedone表被动
Thecarneedsrepairing.=Thecarneedstoberepaired.
needn’t=don’thaveto没必要mustn’t禁止
MustIhanditintoday?
No,youneedn’t.Youcandoittomorrow.
5.lie→lay(过去式)→lain(过去分词)→lying(现在分词)躺,卧
tolieonyourback/side/front仰/侧/俯卧
lie→lied→lied-lying撒谎Sheliesaboutherage.
lay→laid→laid→laying下蛋,产卵Thecuckoolaysitseggsinotherbirds’nests.
6.sick/illadj.生病的
sick可放be(系动词)后作表语,也可放名词前作定语
besickof讨厌,厌恶….sickperson=patient病人
ill只能放在be(系动词)后作表语beillinhospital生病住院
7.advice(不可数名词)建议,意见apieceofadvice/someadvice
adviceonsth.对某事的建议
advisev.advisesb.todosthHeadvisedmetotakeaholiday.
advisedoingsth.Headvisedtakingaholiday.
8.runv.
跑步Runningisgoodforhealth.
经营runacompany经营公司
流动,流淌tearsrunfromeyes
9.order
v.命令ordersb.Todosth.命令某人做某事
Thegeneralorderedthearmytoputuptents.将军命令军队搭帐篷。
预订,点,叫(饭菜等)Atanasorderedasaladfromthelocalrestaurant.
inorderto/that...为了...;
以便....
n.顺序,次序keepinorder
10.usedtodosth.过去常常做某事
beusedtodoingsth.习惯做某事beusedtodosth.被用来做某事
11.sth.runout(物作主语)/sb.runoutofsth(人作主语)
Thegasrunsout.=Werunoutofthegas.
12.meantodosth.打算做某事meandoingsth.意味着...
Makingmoneydoesn’tmeangettinghappiness.
13.seesb.dosth.看到某人做某事了seesb.doingsth看到某人正在做某事
14.findit+adj.+todosth.发现做某事怎么样
Shefounditdifficulttokeepfit.
15.giveup放弃givein屈服giveout分发
三、反身代词
1.构成
第一、二人称的反身代词构成:
形容词性物主代词+self/selves
单数myself我自己yourself你自己
复数ourselves我们自己yourselves你们自己
·
第三人称的反身代词构成:
第三人称宾格+self/selves
单数himselfherselfitself他/她/它自己
复数themselves他们自己
2.不能单独作主语,可以作主语的同位语,起强调作用
(误)Myselfcanfinishmyhomework.
(正)Imyselfcanfinishmyhomework./Icanfinishmyhomeworkmyself.
3.常见搭配:
enjoyoneself=havefun=haveagoodtime玩得高兴
teachoneself=learnbyoneself自学introduceoneselfto自我介绍
byoneself=alone独自helponeselfto随便吃
Unit2
cleanup打扫
cheerup使…高兴
give/handout分发
giveaway捐赠
volunteertodosth.自愿做某事
comeupwith提出;
想出
usedto过去常常
beusedtodoingsth.习惯做某事
putup张贴;
搭建;
举起
putoff推迟
oldpeople’shome养老院
carefor照顾
attheageof…在…年纪时
cometrue实现
tryout试用;
试行
tryoutfor参加…选拔(试演)
bebusywithsth.忙于某事
bebusydoingsth.忙于做某事
takeafter与…像
fixup维修
disabledpeople残疾人
makeadifference有影响,起作用
rightaway/atonce立刻,马上
setup建立,设立
besimilarto…与…相似
thelookofjoy快乐的表情
1.helpv./n.帮助helpfuladj.有帮助的,热心的
helpsb.(to)dosth.helpsb.withsth.帮助某人做某事with/underthehelpof…在某人帮助下
helponeself/sb.(tosth.)为自己、某人取用…
CanIhelpyoutosomemoresalad?
helpsb.out帮助某人摆脱困境Heisalwayswillingtohelpout.
can’thelpdoingsth.=can’thelpbutdosth.情不自禁做…
Ican’thelpthinkingthatheknowsmorethanhehastoldus.
2.sound/noise/voice区别
sound指自然界中所有的声音,可悦耳也可噪音Weheardastrangesound.
noise指喧闹、嘈杂声等Pleasestopmakingsomuchnoise.
voice指人通过发音器官发出的声音(包括说话、唱歌等)
Icouldhearvoicesinthenextroom.
3.alone/lonely区别
alone=byoneself单独的,指无人陪伴的客观事实,不带感情色彩
lonely指人孤独、寂寞,强调主观感受;
也可指某个地方偏僻,人迹罕至
Hisgrandparentslivealoneinasmallhouse,buttheydon’tfeellonely.
4.such/so区别
suchadj.修饰名词
1)sucha/an+形容词+可数名词单数suchacoldday.
2)such+除many/few外的形容词+可数名词复数suchcolddays.
3)such+除much/little外的形容词+不可数名词suchcoldwater
4)no/any/some/all/many等+such+名词Thereisnosuchthingasafreelunch.
so程度副词修饰形容词或副词
1)so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数socoldaday.
2)so+many/few+可数名词复数somanybooks
3)so+much/little+不可数名词somuchmoney
注意:
后面接复数名词或不可数名词时,只能用such,不能用so;
但若复数名词或不可数名词前有many,few,little,much修饰时,只能用so,不能用such。
5.achieve/cometrue区别
achieve后接宾语,主语一般为人Hehadfinallyachievedsuccess.
cometrue后不接宾语,主语一般是梦想,理想Finally,herdreamcametrue.
6.repair/fix/mend区别
repair的对象范围广,强调受到损失或失灵的东西恢复其形状或功能。
Whohasrepairedthebrokenlegofthetable?
fix强调把松散的部件固定结实,与repair无多大区别。
Canyoufixthebrokenchair?
mend恢复某物原来的样子(包括用针、线缝补),一般指较小之物。
Thisshirtistoooldtomend.
7.imagine+n./Ving/pron.
想象,设想Sheimaginedearningmuchmoney.
误以为,猜测Healwaysimaginesthatwearetalkingabouthimbehindhisback.
料想,认为Canwestillbuyticketsfortheconcert?
Iimagineso.
8.carefor照顾;
喜欢takecareof=lookafter照顾careabout关心
9.makeadifferenceto…对…产生影响
Itmakesnodifferencetome.这对我没有影响。
Onefalsestepwillmakeagreatdifference.失之毫厘谬以千里。
10.satisfactionn.满意satisfyv.使满意satisfiedadj.满意的
toone’ssatisfaction是某人满意
besatisfiedtodosth.对做某事感到满意Theyaresatisfiedtosolvetheproblem.
besatisfiedwithsth.对某事感到满意She’sneversatisfiedwithwhatshe’sgot.
besatisfied+that从句I’msatisfiedthattheyaretellingthetruth.
Unit3
makeone’sbed整理床铺
stayoutlate在外待到很晚
getaride搭车
helpoutwith帮助解决…
finishdoingsth.完成做某事
anyminutenow随时
throwdown扔下
comeover过来
assoonas一…就…
as…as…和…一样…
insurprise惊讶地
inordertodosth.为了…
awasteoftime浪费时间
minddoingsth.介意做某事
doone’spartin(doing)sth.尽某人职责=playarolein...
asaresult结果是…
fallill病倒
theearlier…thebetter…越早…越好…
beunfairforsb.对某人不公平
havenoidea不知道
givesb.arideto…开车送某人到…
underthestress/pressureof在…压力下
becarefulwith…小心对待
1.take
取,拿Pleasetakesomebookstotheclassroom.
吃,喝,服用takesomemedicine
乘车,船等WecantakethetraintoBeijing.
花费(时间,金钱)Ittookme2hourstofinishthetask.
2.problem客观存在待解决的问题,侧重困难solveproblems/solutionstoproblems
question因存疑而提出的问题,侧重疑惑answerquestions/answerstoquestions
3.neitheradv.也不(句子部分倒装)=nor
Idon’tlikethenewteacher.我不喜欢新来的老师Neither/NordoI.我也是。
neither…nor…既不…也不…(谓语动词就近原则)NeitherSarahnorIamtired.
neither两个都不
Either...or...要么...要么...
4.borrowsb.sth.=borrowsth.fromsb.向某人借某物(借入)
Healwaysborrowsmoneyfromhisfriendswithoutpayingback.
lendsb.sth.=lendsth.tosb.借给某人某物(借出)
Canyoulendmeyourbookforamoment?
5.work
workon正在使用,从事于...Myfatherhasbeenworkingonacompany.
workout计算;
制定出Doyouworkoutaplanforthistravel?
机器等正常运转;
有效Themedicinedoesn’tworkforme.
6.spend/pay/cost/take区别
spend-spent-spent花费,主语是人sb.spend+时间/钱+onsth.在某事上花费…
sb.spend+时间/钱+(in/on)doingsth.
Hespendstoomuchtimeon/inplayingthecomputergames.
pay-paid-paid支付,主语是人sb.pay+钱+forsth.
Ipaid30yuanforthebook.
cost-cost-cost花费,主语是某物或某事sth.costsb.+钱
Thenewcomputercostmealotofmoney.
take-took-taken花费Ittakes/tooksb.sometimetodosth.做某事花费某人多长时间
Ittookme3hourstodomyhomework.
7.provide提供;
供给providesth.forsb.=providesb.withsth.为某人提供某物
offer侧重愿意给予
supply定期供应,侧重补充所需物品supplysb.withsth=supplysth.tosb
8.dependon信赖;
依靠dependent依靠的,依赖的independent独立的
Heisthesortofpersonyoucandependon.他这个人你是可以信赖的。
Idon’twanttodependtoomuchonmyparents.我不想过度依靠父母。
Italldepends.=Thatdepends.视情况而定
9.since
因为,由于Sincewedon’thavemoney,wecannotaffordahouse.
自…以后/以来Ithasbeentwoyearssincewemeetlasttime.
10.asaresult结果,后果Hemadeabigmistake,and,asaresult,losthisjob.
asaresultof由于,因为Helosthisjobasaresultofmakingabigmistake.
resultin导致,造成Theearthquakehasresultedingreatdamage.
11.thereisnoneedforsb.todosth.对某人来说做某事没有必要
12.theminute/moment/instant=assoonas一...就...(在句中作状语,相当于连词)
Theminutehegothome,itbegantorain.
13.waste浪费
n.awasteoftime/money
v.wastetime/moneyonsth.
三、
can和could区别:
can表示一般性请求,语气较随便;
could语气更委婉
Canyoutellusthenews,Tony?
Couldyoupleasepassthesalttome?
有礼貌的提出请求的句型:
Couldyou(please)+动词原形…?
请你(做)…好吗?
Couldyou(please)not+动词原形…?
请你不要(做)…好吗?
Unit4
hangoutwithsb.与某人闲逛
getintoafightwithsb.与某人争吵
haveafightwithsb.与某人争吵
callsb.(up)给某人打电话
onthephone在电话中
lookthrough快速查看,浏览
giveback归还
bigdeal重大的事
thanksfor…为…而感谢
workout解决
getonwithsb.与某人相处
feellonely感到孤单
communicatewithsb.与某人交流
beafraidof…害怕…
not…anymore不再…
cutout删除
compare…with…与…比较
inone’sopinion依…看
takeafter-schoolclasses参加课后辅导班
untilmidnight直到午夜
becrazyabout…对…着迷、热衷
1.allow
allowdoingsth.允许做某事Wedon’tallowsmokinginourhouse.
allowsb.(not)todosth.(不)允许某人做某事
Myparentsdon’tallowmetostayuplate./Mr.SmithallowsMiketodrivethere.
beallowedtodosth.被允许做某事C
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