英语答案校对和问答题参考答案.docx
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英语答案校对和问答题参考答案.docx
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英语答案校对和问答题参考答案
Unit3
判断题第一题和选择题第一题(C选项)貌似矛盾。
。
问答题:
1、WhataresomeofthecharacteristicsoftheBritishconstitutionalmonarchyHowhastheEnglishmonarchyevolvedgraduallytothepresentconstitutionalmonarchy
A:
①theofficialheadofstateisthemonarchywithtraditionalandsymbolicpower.Thegovernmentiselectedbypeopleandgovernsaccordingtotheconstitutionalprinciples.
②Inancienttimes,themonarchyruledthecountryaccordingtotheancientdoctrine“DivinerightofGod”.Atthattime,monarchyhadgreatpower.Inthemedievaltime,whentheKing’sownwealthcouldn’tcoverroyalexpenses,hewouldtrytopersuadetheGreatCounciltogivehimsomeextramoney.
Bythe13thcentury,KingswidentheGreatCounciltoraisemoremoney.Inthisway,theGreatCouncilcametoincludewhoweresummonedbynameandrepresentativesofcommunities.
Thepowerofparliamentbecamebiggerandbiggerovertime.Inthe17thcentury,theCivilWarbrokeoutwhichwasrootedinadisputeofthepoweroftheKingandParliament.TheroundheadsrepresentingtheParliamentdefeatedtheroyalists.ButarestorationtothethronewasachievedbyCharlesⅡin1660.
In1688,theKingagreedtodeclarethatgoverningwithouttheparliamentisillegalintheGloriousRevolution.
In1689,theBillofRightwaspassedbyparliamentwhichmakesuretheKingwouldneverbeabletoignoretheparliament.
2、Howdidthedoctrineofthe“divinerightofking”,accordingtotheauthor,leadtotheCivilWarWhatdoyouknowabouttherevolutionofthe17thcentury
A:
①ItwasheldthatthesovereignderivedhisauthorityfromGodnotfromhissubjects.Sothesovereigncandowhateverhelikes.ButwiththeacquisitionofpowerofParliament,king’spowerwaslimited.TheCivilwarwasrootedinadisputeoverthepowerofthekingandparliament.
②thereweretworevolutionsof17thcentury:
thecivilwarandthegloriousrevolution.
ThecivilwarwasledbytheroundheadsthatrepresentingParliamentdefeatedtheroyalists.Theroundheadssucceededinoustingthemonarchy,CharlesⅠ,in1642andruledfor18yearsbeforethemonarchy,CharlesⅡ,wasrestored.
Thegloriousrevolutionhappenedin1688,whenthekingJamesⅡalsotriedtogovernwithouttheconsentoftheparliament.LeadingpoliticiansandauthoritiesofthechurchaskJames’son-in-lawWilliamofOrange,toreplacehim.Inreturn,Williampromisedtheserepresentativesthathewilldeclarethatgoverningwithouttheparliamentconsenttobeillegal.
In1689parliamentpassedtheBillofRightthatthekingwouldneverbeabletoignoreparliament.
3、WhatisthehistoryofEnglishparliamentWhatroledidtheparliamentplayinthecivilwar
A:
①Thetermwasfirstusedofficiallyin1236todescribethegatheringoffeudalbaronsandrepresentativesfromcountiesandtownswhichthekingoccasionallysummonedifhewantedtoraisemoney.Bythe13thCentury,kingfoundtheycouldnotmaketheendsmeetbyaskingmoneyfromthisquitesmallgroup,andsotheywidenedtheGreatCounciltoincluderepresentativesofcounties,citiesandwasinthiswaythattheGreatCouncilcametoincludeboththosewhoweresummoned“byname”(theHouseofLords)andrepresentativesofcommunities(theHouseofCommons).ThetwohousesexisttodaycollectivelywecallthemtheParliament.
②Parliamentrepresentsthecommunity,havingnorealpoliticalright,andItwastheefforttoreasserttherightsofParliamentthatledtothecivilwar.
4、DiscussthemajorcharacteristicsandthemaincontentofBritishconstitution
A:
IsraelandBritainaretheonlytwocountrieswithoutwrittenconstitutions.
ThefoundationsofBritishConstitutionarelaidoutin:
①statutelawwhicharepassedbyParliament.②thecommonlaw:
lawswhichhavebeenwrittenthroughcommonpracticeincourts.③conventions:
rulesandpracticeswhichdonotexistlegallybutareneverthelessregardedasvitaltotheworkingofgovernment.
5、WhydoestheauthorsaythatparliamentissupremeintheBritishstateWhatfunctiondoesparliamenthaveWhatroledoestheQueen(king)andPrimeMinisterplayinBritishgovernment
A:
①parliamentcanchangethetermsofConstitutionandtherearenotlegalrestraintsuponit.
②First,Itpasslawswhichisthemostimportantone
Second,Itprovidesthemeansofcarryingontheworkofgovernmentbyvotingfortaxation.
Third,Itscrutinizesgovernmentpolicy,administrationandexpenditure
Fourth,Itdebatesthemajorissuesoftheday.
③TheQueenistheheadofexecutives,anintegralpartofthelegislature,headofthejudiciary,commanderofchiefofthearmedforces,aconfidantetotheprimeminister.
④theprimeministeristheleaderofthepartywhichwinsthemostsupportersintheCommons.Heformthegovernment.
6、WhatkindofinstitutionisthehouseofLordsWhatroledoesitplayintheBritishgovernment.
A:
①ThehouseofLordsismadeoftheLordsSpiritual(archbishopsandmostprominentbishopsofthechurchofEngland)andtheLordsofTemporal(everyoneelse)
②peersspeakandvoteasindividualsinparliament,notasrepresentativesofthegreatinterestsofthecountry.BecausethehouseofLordsisapartoftheparliament,itmustagreetopassagivenlegislationbeforethelegislationisputintoeffect.(课本40页第四段)
Unit7
1、
(1)Thepurposeofschoolistoprovidechildrenwithliteracyandtheotherbasicskillstheywilltobecomeactivemembersofsociety.ButthepurposeoftheBritisheducationsystemisalsotosocializechildren.
(2)开放题
2、ThecontroversiesineducationsystemreflectthedeeperdivisionsinBritishsocietyasawhole.Britainisasocietyinwhichsocialclassisstillveryimportant:
classinequalitycanbeerasedorcontinuedaccordingtoeducationalpolicy.Ifyouunderstandtheimportanceoftherelationshipbetweeneducationandsocialclass,youcanunderstandagreatdealaboutBritishcultureandsociety.
3、
(1)WhentheGermansbegandroppingbombsonBritishcities,750000schoolchildrenwere“evacuated”toliveinthecountrysidewhereitwashopedtheywouldbesafer.Schoolswereclosedorusedforwarpurposesandeducationcontinuedinthecountrysideonanhocbasis.
(2)moreequality
(3)
Theresultwasthe1944EducationActwhichmadeentrytosecondary(middle)schoolsanduniversities“meritocratic”.
Inthe1960s,comprehensiveschoolswereintroducedalloverthecountry,whichendedthedivisionbetweengrammarschools.Entranceexamswereabolishedandschoolswerenolongerallowedtoletchildren“compete”forplaces.
4、Universities,reflectingthetrendthroughouttheeducationsystem,havetraditionallyvbeenratherelitist.Moststudentswerefromthemiddleclasses,attendedgoodschools,performedwellintheirA-levelsandreceivedafully-fundedplaceinauniversity.
5、
(1)TheopenUniversityoffersanon-traditionalrouteforpeopletotakeuniversitylevelcoursesandreceiveauniversitydegree.Peoplecanregisterwithouthavinganyformaleducationalqualifications.Theyfollowuniversitycoursesthroughtextbooks,TVandradiobroadcasts,correspondence,videos,residentialschoolsandanetworkofstudycentres.
(2)开放题
Unit9
I.TTFTTFFTTT
II.CDBAACBCAA
III.
1.readingnewspapers
2.national,daily
3.quality
4.theGuardian
5.thetabloid
6.censorship
7.theBritishBroadcastingCorporation
8.BBCOne;BBCTwo
9.Thetabloids
10.TheFinancialTime
11.TheOfficialSecretAct
12.Functions,culture
IV.
1.qualitypapers
oneofthecategoriesofthenationaldailieswhichcarrymoreserious,in-deptharticlesofparticularpolitical,reviewsandfeaturearticlesabouthighculture.Theyarealsoreferredasthe‘’broadsheets’’andtheirreadersaregenerallyawell-educatedmiddleclassaudience.
2.tabloids
asmallformatnewspaperswithcolorphotosandcatchyheadlines.Usuallyinterestedinscandalsandgossipaboutfamouspeople.
3.theTimes
TheTimesbeganpublishingin1785anditistheUnitedKingdom’soldestdailynewspaper.
4.BBC
TheBritishBroadcastingCorporation.Foundedin1927asapublicserviceradiostationandlatermovedintelevision.It’sBritain’mainpublicservicebroadcasterwhichhas2channels.
Questions
1.BecauseformostBritishpeople,mostdaybeginwithalookatthemorningnewspapers.Onanaverageday,90%ofBritonsovertheageof15readanationalorlocalpaper.Andintheevening,mostBritonssettledowntowatchsometelevision:
96%ofthepopulationwatchTVatleastonceaweek.
Theyprovidepeoplewithinformationaboutpoliticalandsocialissues;provideweatherreports;carryadvertising;providepeopleaforumforpeopletoexpresstheirviewsorseekadvice.ButBritishmediaplayanimportantroleinengenderinganationalculture.
2.Britishnewspapercultureisunusualintheextenttowhichclasseducationaldifferencesarereflectedinthenewspaperspeopleread.Althoughmostnewspapersarefinanciallyindependentofpoliticalparties,theyoftenexpressparticularpoliticalviewsandmostpeoplewillchoosetoreadanewspaperwhichaccordswiththeirownfellings.
NewspaperreadinginAmericaisamainlymiddle-classhabit,butinBritainthe“lowerclasses”arealsoregulars.
3.Thereisnoparticularstatecensorship,butmanyBritishlawslimitthefreedomofthepress.ThemediasuchasjournalisalsoaffectedbytheOfficialSecretsActs,alegalactwhichstipulatesthatallgovernmentinformationiskeptsecretunlessthegovernmentsaysitcanbereleased.
4.TheBBCisfundedbylicensefeesandviewersmustbuyalicenseeachyearfortheirTVset.BecausetheBBCisfundedbylicensefees,therearetechnicallynocommercials,althoughbetweenshowstherearetrailersforupcomingshowsandpromotionsforproductsassoci
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