英语谚语欣赏Word下载.docx
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英语谚语欣赏Word下载.docx
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Theboy(whom)youaretalkingtoismybrother.
I'
dlikearoomwhosewindowlooksoutoverthesea.
定语从句三步:
第一找出先行词;
第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能(做主语、宾语或状语);
第三选择合适的关系词。
Ⅱ.几个关系代词的基本用法:
●that:
可指人或物;
在定语从句中作主语,宾语,表语。
(指人时,相当于who或whom;
指物时,相当于which)(一般不用于非限制性定语从句;
不可置于介词后作宾语)如:
1.Aletterthat/whichiswritteninpencilisdifficulttoread.(主语)
2.Doyouknowthegentlemanthat/whospokejustnow?
3.Youcantakeanything(that)youlike.(宾语)
4.Whatisthequestion(that/which)theyaretalkingabout?
5.Hereistheman(who/whom/that)youwanttosee.
6.She'
snolongerthegirl(that)sheusedtobebefore.(表语)
7.Ourhometownisnolongertheone(that)itusedtobe.
=Ourhometownisnotthesameasitusedtobe.
=Ourhometownisdifferentfromwhatitusedtobe。
=Ourhometownisnotwhatitusedtobe.
●which:
指物;
在定语从句中作主语,宾语,表语,定语。
如:
1.Thebookwhich/thatwasonthedeskwasboughtbymyfather.(主语)
2.Thebook(which/that)Iboughtyesterdayisveryinteresting.(宾语)
3.Thefactoryinwhichhisfatherworksisfarfromhere.
4.Hewasproud,whichhisbrotherneverwas.(表语)
5.Tomspentfouryearsincollege,duringwhichtimehelearnedFrench.(定语)
6.Hemaybelate,inwhichcaseweoughttowaitforhim.
●who,whom,whose:
who:
主格,在从句中作主语,在口语或非正式用法中作宾语;
只可指人
whom:
宾格,在从句中作宾语;
whose:
属格,在从句中作定语,可指人也可指物。
Ilikethestudentswho/thatworkhard.(主语)
Allwhoheardthestorywereamazed.(代词如he,they,any,those,all,one等后多用who.)
Chaplin,forwhomlifehadoncebeenveryhard,wasasuccessasanactor.
(宾语)
He'
samanfromwhomweshouldlearn.
=He'
saman(whom/who/that)weshouldlearnfrom.
比较:
Heisthestudentwhomyouthinktobeworthyofyourpraise.
Heisthestudentwhoyouthinkisworthpraising.
Achildwhoseparentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.(指人)
dlikearoomwhosewindowfacessouth.(指物)
=I'
dlikearoomofwhichthewindowfacessouth.
dlikearoomthewindowofwhichfacessouth.
ThereisateapotshapedlikeaChineseduck,outofwhosemouthteaissupposedtocome
关系代词作介词宾语:
关系代词在定语从句中用作介词宾语时,介词可放于从句之首,也可放于从句之末.但以放于句首较为正式.(介词前置,必须注意不影响动词词组的含义。
关系代词who和that用作介词宾语时,介词必须放在句末.)
Thisisthebookforwhichyouasked.
=Thisisthebook(that/which)youaskedfor.
DoyouknowthepersonwithwhomIshookhands?
=Doyouknowtheperson(whom/who/that)Ishookhandswith?
Thebeginningofagriculturewasabigstepinhumanprogresswithwhichnothingcouldcompareuntilourinformationage.
Inthedarkstreet,therewasn'
tasinglepersontowhomshecouldturnforhelp.
Isthisthefactorytowhichyoupaidavisitlastweek?
Isthisfactorytheonetowhichyoupaidavisitlastweek?
Thisisthegirlwhomtheyarelookingafter.(介词after与look构成固定词组,不可前置。
lookat,lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等)
●as的用法:
(as引导定语从句,在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语)
①如为限制性的,多用于thesame…as;
thesameas;
such…as…;
asmany/muchas;
so…as等结构中。
※Ihavethesamebookasyou(have).我有一本和你的一样的书。
Herattitudetohimwasquitethesameasithadalwaysbeen.(关系代词as和指示代词same连用,在从句中用作表语,先行词是same.)
※.---Whydidn'
tyoumentionthatinfaceofthepolicejustnow?
---Ithoughtitwassuchaminordetailaswashardlyworthmentioning.
Wewillonlydiscusssuchproblemsashavesomethingtodowithourowninterests.
Don'
tdosuchthingsasyouarenotsureabout.
Thereisnosuchplaceasyoudreamofinallthisworld.
Iliveinthesamehousethatheusedtolivein.
I'
mwearingthesameshirtasyouworeyesterday.
Hereissobigastoneasnoonecanlift.(定语从句)
Hereissobigastonethatnoonecanliftit.(结果状语从句)
②如为非限制性的,多单独引导一个定语从句,这种定语从句可置于句首,句中或句尾,译为"
正如,这一点"
。
(动词常为know,see,expect,pointout,etc.)
※Asweallknow,smokingisharmfultoone'
shealth.(as作宾语)
=Asisknowntoall,smokingisharmfultoone'
shealth.(as作主语)
=It'
sknowntoallthatsmokingisharmfultoone'
shealth.
=Smokingisharmfultoone'
shealth,asweallknow.(as作宾语)
=Smoking,asweallknow,isharmfultoone'
health.
※Hewasaforeigner,asIknewfromhisaccent.
(宾语,先行词是前面整个句子)
Ⅲ.关系副词引导的定语从句:
●When指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语。
其先行词是表时间的名词(如:
time,day,week,tear,month,etc.)
HecamelastnightwhenIwasout.
Wewillputoffthepicnicuntilnextweek,whentheweatherwouldbebetter.
注意:
先行词为"
时间名词"
,可用when引导定语从句,when在定语从句中作状语;
还可以用which或that引导,which或that在从句中作主语或宾语。
比较:
Istillrememberthedaywhen/onwhichmybrotherjoinedthearmy.(作状语)
Nextmonth,whenyouwillbeinyourhometown,isjustaroundthecorner.
Istillrememberthedayswhich/thatwespenttogether.(作宾语)
Nextwinterwhich/thatyou'
llspendinHarbin,I'
msure,willbeexciting.
IshallneverforgetthedaywhenShenZhouⅤwaslaunched,whichhasagreateffectonmylife.
Thereareoccasionswhenjokingisnotpermissible.
●Where指地点,在定语从句中作地点状语。
其先行词是表示地点的名词,如:
place,school,factory,room,etc.
ThisistheplacewhereIwasborn.
Iliveintheroomwhere/inwhichheusedtolive.
先行词是"
地点名词"
,定语从句可用where引导,还可用which或that引导,which/that在从句中作主语或宾语。
※Thisisthefactorywhere/inwhichheworkedlastyear.(作状语)
Thetreatmentwillcontinueuntilthepatientreachesthepointwherehecanwalkcorrectlyandsafely.
Ithinkyouhavegottothepointwhereachangeisneeded,oryouwouldfail.
Governmentreports,legalpapersandmostbusinesslettersarethemainsituationswhereEnglishisused.
sgothimselfintoadangeroussituationwherehe'
slikelytolosecontroloftheplane.
Thesmallmountainvillagewherewespentourholidaylastmonthliesinwhat/theplacewhichisnowpartofHubei.
※Thisistheparkwhich/thattheyvisitedlastyear.(作宾语)
Nothavingbeentherebefore,hesimplyhadnoideaabouttheplace,whicheveryonesaysisworthvisiting.
●Why指原因,在定语从句中作原因状语。
先行词为reason时,可用forwhich指代;
当关系词在从句中作主语或宾语时,则用which或that引导。
Thereasonwhy/forwhich/(that)hedidn'
tattendthemeetingwasthathewasill.
Idon'
tbelievethereason(that/which)hegaveme.(作宾语)
Haveyouaskedhimthereasonthatmayexplainhissuccess?
(作主语)
Ex.)Hewaslate.That'
sbecausehegotuplate.
.Hegotuplate.That'
swhyhewaslate.(表语从句)
(thereason)why/forwhichhewaslate.(定语从句)
当先行词为way时,定语从句常用that,inwhich,或how引导,that常可以省略。
way后的定语从句的引导词不用时较多。
但如果关系词在句中作主语或宾语
时,则用which或that引导。
如:
Thisistheway(that)
/inwhich
Idosuchthings.
Pleasedotheexperimentintheway(that/which)Ihaveshownyou.
Ⅳ.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别:
1.形式上,非限制性定语从句往往用逗号隔开。
2.语法上,非限制性定语从句一般不用that.
3.语义上,限制性定语从句与先行词关系紧密,起限定作用,如果去掉了这个定语从句,整个句子就不完整或者会改变意思;
而非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不是很紧密,对先行词起补充说明或描述的作用。
ThisisthebookIlikebest.
这就是我最喜欢的那本书。
Beijing,whichhasbeenChina'
scapitalformorethan800years,isrichinculturalandhistoricrelics.北京是中国八百年之久的古都,它有着丰富的文化和历史遗产。
4.翻译时,限制性定语从句可译为一句(较短的一般译为"
的"
字结构);
而非限制性定语从句可译为两句。
(见上句翻译)
Hehasasister,whoisamusician.
Hehasasisterwhoisamusician.
引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词,指人时用who,whom,whose,指物时用which,whose;
关系副词when,where,why,etc.
1.Hestudiedhardatschoolwhenhewasyoung,whichleadstohissuccessinhislaterlife.
2.Tom'
sfather,whoarrivedjustnow,isafamousscientist.
3.Theysetupaseparatestateoftheirown,wheretheywouldbefreetokeepNegroesasslaves.
4.Hewasproud,whichhisbrotherneverwas.
Ⅴ.几个易混淆的关系代词的比较:
●that&
which:
在定语从句中,which和that在指代事物时,一般可以互换使用,但并非在任何情况下都是这样,这里介绍宜用that,而不宜用which的情况.
①先行词为不定代词,all,much,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,theone等,
1.Weshoulddoallthatisusefultothepeople.
2.There'
snothingthatcanbesaidaboutit.
3.Doyoumeantheonethatwasboughtyesterday?
②先行词被only,any,few,little,no,just,very,oneof等词修饰时。
1.Theonlythingthatwecoulddowastowait.
2.That'
stheverywordthatiswronglyused.
Thelastplace(that)wevisitedwasthechemicalworks.
Youcantakeany(=whichever)seatthatisfree.
IhopethelittlethatIcanwillbeofsomehelptothem.
比较*Thisisoneofthebestnovelsthatwerepublishedlastyear.
*Thisistheonlyoneofthebestnovelsthatwaspublishedlastyear.
③先行词是序数词时或被序数词修饰时。
1.WhenwetalkaboutWuxi,thefirstthatcomesintomindisTaiLake.
2.Thisisthethirdfilmthathasbeenshowninourschoolthisterm.
④先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时。
1.Thisisthebestthatcanbedonenow.
2.Themostimportantthingthatshouldbedonerightnowishowtostophimfromgoingon.
⑤先行词既有人又有物,用which和who都不适合,这时宜用that.如:
1.Thewriterandhisnovelthatyouhavejusttalkedaboutisreallywellknown.
2.Theriderandhisbikethathadrunoveranoldwomanwereheldupbythepolice.
⑥被修饰词为数词时.
1.YesterdayIcaughttwofishandputtheminabasinofwater.Nowyoucanseethetwothatarestillalive.
⑦如果有两个从句,其中一个关系代词已用which,另一个关系代词宜用that,以避免语言的单调或重复。
Edisonbuiltupafactorywhichproducedthingsthathadneverbeenseenbefore.
⑧疑问词是who或which,关系代词宜用that,以避免重复。
1.Whichisthebookthatyoulikebest?
2.Whoisthemanthatisstandingatthegate?
⑨主句是Therebe结构,修饰其主句的定语从句宜用that作关系代词.如:
1.Thereisstillaseatinthecornerthatisstillfree.
⑩被修饰成分为表语时,或者关系代词本身是定语从句的表语时,该关系代词宜用that.
1.That'
sagoo
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