1单元Word文档下载推荐.docx
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1单元Word文档下载推荐.docx
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Language
Readable
第一单元:
英语“硬新闻”导语的结构和写作
第二单元:
英语“软新闻”导语的结构和写作
第三单元:
“倒金字塔”结构和新闻稿英译过程中素材的取舍
第四单元:
新闻语言的特点
第五单元:
新闻标题的语言特点和翻译
第六单元:
广播新闻稿的语言特点和翻译
第七单元:
英汉与汉英笔译比较
“硬新闻”:
hardnews,straightnews
Nowwewillbeginwiththebeginning—themostdifficultpartofnewswriting—andwewillapproachitstepbystep.
SupposethatyouareworkingasareporterforacampusEnglishnewspaper,andyouareaskedtocoverthefollowingevent:
LiJunandWangHaoarefourth-yearcomputermajorssharingthesamedormitoryroom.Duetoaseverecaseofpolioinchildhood,WangHaohastowalkwithtwocrutches.Formorethanthreeyearssincetheyenteredtheuniversity,LiJunhasbeenhelpinghisroommateclimbstairs,carrythings,andgetmealsandhotwaterregardlessofhowbadtheweatheris.Lastsemesterwhentheclasshadanouting,LiJunborrowedawheelchairsothatWangHaocouldgohikingwithothers.Liandotherstudentspushedthewheelchairallthewaytothetopofthemountain.BecauseofwhatLiJunhasdoneforWangHaoovertheyears,thestudentunionoftheuniversitydecidedatarecentmeetingtoawardLiJunthetitleof“ModelStudent”whentheyholdtheMayFourthYouthDaystudentmeetingthenextweek.
Intheverybeginningofthestory,youneedasentencethatsummarizestheevent.Innewswriting,thisfirstsentence,andoftenthefirstparagraphaswell,iscalledlead,perhapsbecauseitleadsthereaderintothestory.
STEPONE:
Summarizethestoryinafewsimplesentences.Youwritethefollowingparagraph:
Afourth-yearcomputermajorsharesthedormwithaclassmatewhowalksoncrutches.Formorethanthreeyears,hehasbeenhelpingthisroommateclimbstairs,carrybooks,andgetmealsandhotwater.Thestudentunionwillawardhimthetitleof“ModelStudent”nextweek.
Thisisveryeasy,soyoumoveontoStepTwo.
STEPTWO:
Combinethesentencesintoone.Thisisstilleasyandyouwrite:
Formorethanthreeyears,afourth-yearcomputermajorhasbeenhelpinghisdisabledroommateclimbstairs,carrybooks,andgetmealsandhotwater,sothestudentunionwillawardhimthetitleof“ModelStudent”nextweek.
STEPTHREE:
Underlinealltheverbsinthesentence,andputtheminreversetimeorder,i.e.,beginningwiththelatesteventandendingwiththeearliest.Now,youhave
Thereversetimeorder:
(1)award
(2)help
(3)climb,carry,get
STEPFOUR:
Rewritethesentencebyfollowingthisreversetimeorder.Thesentencebecomes
Nextweek,thestudentunionwillawardafourth-yearcomputermajorthetitleof“ModelStudent”becausehehasbeenhelpingadisabledroommateclimbstairs,carrybooks,andgetmealsandhotwaterformorethanthreeyears.
STEPFIVE:
Carefullyeditthesentenceyouhavewritten.Nowyouhave
Thestudentunionnextweekwillawardthetitleof“ModelStudent”toafourth-yearcomputermajorwhohasbeen,formorethanthreeyears,helpingadisabledroommateclimbstairs,carrybooks,andgetmealsandhotwater.
Thisisalreadyquitegood.Noticethat,inthisexample,whenyoutakeSTEPFIVE,youmovethetimeelements“nextweek”and“formorethanthreeyears”toplacesclosetotheverbstheymodify.Butyoushouldneverbegintheleadwithatimeelement.Neverbeginwith“Nextweek…”
Aleadsuchastheonewehavehereperformsthreefunctions:
(1)Theleadsummarizesthenews.Thesummarizingisoftensoeffectivethattheleadcanstandbyitselfasaone-sentencestory.
(2)Insummarizingthenews,theleadattractsthereader’sattention.Thisisextremelyimportantbecauseitdirectlyaffectsthesurvivalofthenewspaperornewsmagazineasabusiness.Inmarketcompetition,onlythecommoditiesthatattractcustomershavethechancetosurvive.
(3)Theleadprovidesthenewswriterwithameansoforganizingastory.Withaneffectivesummary,theframeworkoftheentirestoryisthere.Allthatremainsistofleshitoutwithsupportingdetail.Inthiscase,afterSTEPFIVE,therestofthestoryfallsinplace.
Ifyoufollowthestepsoutlinedabove,itwillnotbetoodifficulttowriteanewsleadthateffectivelysumsupthenewsandattractsreaders.Theonlythingispractice,practice,andmorepractice.
Task:
Takethefivestepsthathavejustbeendiscussedanddevelopthefollowingpassagesintosinglesentencesthatcanserveasnewsleads:
1.Amotherpostedaletterofappreciationontheuniversitybulletinboardyesterday.Inthelettershepraisedtwosecond-yearFrenchmajors.Thetwostudentstookhersontohospitalaftertheyfoundhimcollapsedontheroad.Hersonisonlysix.
2.Duringtheseven-dayNationalDayholiday,theentireclassofsecond-yearEnglishmajorswenttoHuangShanforaweek.Onthefirstdayofclassaftertheholiday,thestudentsweretooexhaustedtoconcentrate.Someevendozedoff.Theprofessorswereupsetandsaidthatthestudents’“mindswerenotontheirstudies.”Then,thedepartmentannouncedthattheclasswouldhavethemid-termexaminationinaweek’stime,whichistwoweeksbeforetheschedule.
3.Lastnight,athird-yeargeologymajoratenoodlesataroadsideeatery.Anhourlater,anacutepaindevelopedinhisstomach.Hisroommatesbelievedhesufferedfoodpoisoningandrushedhimtothehospital.Now,doctorssayheisinstablecondition.
Thesetwoeventsaremorecomplicatedthantheexampleyouhavejustlookedatbecauseinbothcases,youhavearatherlongsequenceofverbs.Itwouldbegoodifyoucancomeupwithversionsthatareclosetothefollowing:
Amotherpostedaletterofappreciationontheuniversitybulletinboardyesterdaypraisingtwosecond-yearFrenchmajorsforhavingtakenhersix-year-ldsontohospitalaftertheyfoundhimcollapsedontheroad.
Thesecond-yearEnglishmajorswillhavetheirmid-terminaweek’stime—twoweeksbeforeschedule—becausetheirprofessorssaidtheir“mindswerenotontheirstudies”aftertheirlongtourinHuangShanduringtheseven-dayNationalDayholiday.
Athird-yeargeologymajorissaidtobeinstableconditionafterhisroommatesrushedhimtohospitallastnightwhenhedevelopedsymptomsoffood-poisoningfromthenoodlesataroadsideeatery.
Readthefollowingstoryanddiscusshowwelltheleadsumsuptheentirestory:
ChineseDoctorsOperateonPanda’sCataract
BEIJING(AP)-Chinesedoctorshaveremovedacataractfromtherighteyeofagiantpandainthefirstsuchsurgeryofitskind,theofficialXinhuaNewsAgencysaidWednesday.
Doctorswillknowin15dayswhetherthe90-minuteoperationwithultrasonictoolswillrestoresightforthe22-year-oldpanda,Basi,Xinhuasaid.
Basiisnoordinarypanda.Xinhuasaidthe186-kilogram(410-pound)animalisa“godoflongevity”whohasfaroutlivedthenormalpandalifeexpectancyof12years.
Shealso“isanimbleweightlifter,basketballplayerandcyclist”whoperformedonChinesestatetelevisioninthe1990sandatopeningceremoniesinBeijingofthe1990AsianGames,Xinhuasaid.
ShetouredtheUnitedStatesforsixmonthsinthelate1980stopromotewildlifeconservationand“wasagreathit”onthewestcoast,itsaid.
BasiwassedatedfortheoperationbyeyedoctorsinthesoutheasterncoastalcityofFuzhou,Xinhuasaid.
ThecataractbegangrowinginBasi’srighteyefiveyearsago.Shealsosuffersfromhighbloodpressureandneuraldiseases,andhereyesightwas“extremelypoor,”Xinhuasaid.
Note:
Thisisastorycomingthroughthewireservice.“BEIJING”isthedateline,indicatingtheplacewhereastoryiswritten,and“(AP)”isthecreditline,indicatingtheagencythatsendsastory.Inthiscase,theagencyistheAssociatedPress.
TASK:
Whatwehavebeenlookingataresimplecases.Sometimesinadditiontomeasuringthetimingoftheverbs,wealsoweightheirimportance.Wemaybeginwiththeverbonwhichwewouldlikereaderstofocustheirattentionandputtheunimportantverbsinsubordinateclauses.Considerthefollowingexample:
Aleadwrittenbyastudent:
TwosophomorestudentsonWednesdaywereopenlysellingtothefreshmentheoldexampapersfromtheirpreviousyear’splacementtest,whichtheysaidwouldbeusedagainthisyearwithonlyslightchanges,andtheywerecaught—twodaysbeforefreshmentaketheplacementtestfortheirCollegeEnglishcourses.
Animprovedversion:
TwosophomoreswerecaughtonWednesday—twodaysbeforetheplacementtestforfreshmanCollegeEnglishcourses—whentheyweresellingtofreshmentheoldexampapersfromtheirpreviousyear’splacementtest,whichtheysaidwouldbeusedagainthisyearwithonlyslightchanges.
Inthisimprovedversion,thetwostudentsgettingcaught,themostimportantelementofinformation,occupiesthecentralplace,butthefreshmentakingtheplacementexamandthestudentssayingthesametestpaperweretobeusedagain,thetwoelementsofsecondaryimportance,arementionedaslessobvious,subordinateelements.
TheInvertedPyramidLead
Apyramidisverysmallontopbutwideandbroadatthebottom.Shortstoriesareoftenstructuredlikeapyramid,beginningwithtinythingsbutreachingtheclimaxattheend.
PyramidInvertedpyramid
Anewsleadusuallybeginswiththeclimax,i.e.,withthemostimportantelementsofthestory,becauseahurriedreadermaynothavetimeorpatiencetofinisheventhisfirstsentence.Aleadincludestheanswerstomostofthequestionsa
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