大学英语四级真题答案完整版文档格式.docx
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大学英语四级真题答案完整版文档格式.docx
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Totakequittingsmokingasanexample,someregarditasapieceofcake.Theymakeuptheirmindstoquititinthemorning,butintheeveningtheyfeelthatthesmellofcigarettesistempting.Theirthroatsaresore,theirmouthsarethirsty,andtheirhandsareshaking.Afterthepainfulmentalstruggle,theytellthemselvesthat“Onecigaretteisenough.Justtakeone,andthenextdayIwillquitit.”Bydoingthis,theysurrendertotheirweakwill.Intheend,theyhavequittedsmoking“ahundredtimes”,butinnotimetheysucceed.
Justlikequittingsmoking,nothingsucceedswithoutastrongwill.Tobesuccessfulinone’slife,astrongwillmeansthatyouknowwhereyougoandyouwillpersistontheroadyouchoose.Undoubtedlysuccessbelongstothosewhoovercometheirweakwillandwhohanginthereuntilthelastminute.
注意:
此部分试题在答题卡1上.
Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledNothingSucceedsWithoutaStrongWillbycommentingonthehumoroussaying,"
Quittingsmokingistheeasiestthingintheworld.I'
vedoneithundredsoftimes."
Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.
PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)
WhyIntegrityMatters
WhatisIntegrity?
Thekeytointegrityisconsistency--notonlysettinghighpersonalstandardsforoneself(honesty,responsibility,respectforothers,fairness)butalsolivinguptothosestandardseachday.Onewhohasintegrityisboundbyandfollowsmoralandethicalstandardsevenwhenmakinglife'
shardchoices,choiceswhichmaybecloudedbystress,pressuretosucceed,ortemptation.
Whathappensifwelie,cheat,steal,orviolateotherethicalstandards?
Wefeeldisappointedinourselvesandashamed.Butalapseofintegrityalsoaffectsourrelationshipswithothers.Trustisessentialinanyimportantrelationship,whetherpersonalorprofessional.Whocantrustsomeonewhoisdishonestorunfair?
Thus,integritymustbeoneofourmostimportantgoals.
RiskyBusiness
Weareeachresponsibleforourowndecisions,evenifthedecision-makingprocesshasbeenunderminedbystressorpeerpressure.Therealtestofcharacteriswhetherwecanlearnfromourmistake,byunderstandingwhyweactedaswedid,andthenexploringwaystoavoidsimilarproblemsinthefuture.
Makingethicaldecisionsisacriticalpartofavoidingfutureproblems.Wemustlearntorecognizerisks,becauseifwecan'
tseetheriskswe'
retaking,wecan'
tmakeresponsiblechoices.Toidentifyrisks,weneedtoknowtherulesandbeawareofthefacts.Forexample,onewhodoesn'
tknowtherulesaboutplagiarismmayaccidentallyusewordsorideaswithoutgivingpropercredit,oronewhofailstokeepcarefulresearchnotesmayunintentionallyfailtoquoteandcitesourcesasrequired.Butthefactthatsuchaviolationis"
unintentional"
doesnotexcusethemisconduct.Ignoranceisnotadefense.
"
ButEverybodyDoesIt"
Mostpeoplewhogetintroubledoknowtherulesandfacts,butmanagetofoolthemselvesabouttherisksthey'
retakingbyusingexcuses:
"
Everyoneelsedoesit,"
I'
mnothurtinganyone,"
or"
Ireallyneedthisgrade."
Excusescangetveryelaborate:
IknowI'
mlookingatanother'
sexam,eventhoughI'
msupposedtokeepmyeyesonmyownpaper,butthat'
snotcheatingbecauseI'
mjustcheckingmyanswers,notcopying."
Wemustbehonestaboutouractions,andavoidexcuses.Ifwefoolourselvesintobelievingwe'
renotdoinganythingwrong,wecan'
tseetherealchoicewe'
remaking--andthatleadstobaddecisions.
Toavoidfoolingyourself,watchoutforexcusesandtrythistest:
Askhowyouwouldfeelifyouractionswerepublic,andanyonecouldbewatchingoveryourshoulder.Wouldyoufeelproudorashamedofyouractions?
Ifyou'
dratherhideyouractions,that'
sagoodindicationthatyou'
retakingariskandrationalizingittoyourself.
EvaluatingRisks
Todecidewhetherariskisworthtaking,youmustexaminetheconsequences,inthefutureaswellasrightnow,negativeaswellaspositive,andtoothersaswellastoyourself.Thosewhotakeriskstheylaterregretusuallyfocusonimmediatebenefits("
what'
sinitforme"
),andsimplyhaven'
tconsideredwhatmightgowrong.Theconsequencesofgettingcaughtareserious,andmayincludea"
0"
onatestorassignment;
an"
F"
intheclass;
suspensionordismissalfromschool;
transcriptnotation;
andatarnishedreputation.Infact,whenyoubreakaruleorlaw,youlosecontroloveryourlife,andgiveothersthepowertoimposepunishment:
youhavenocontroloverwhatthatpunishmentmightbe.Thisisanextremelyprecariousandvulnerableposition.Theremaybesomemattersoflifeanddeath,orhighestprinciple,whichmightjustifysucharisk,buttherearen'
tmanythingsthatfallinthiscategory.
GettingAwayWithIt--OrNot
Thosewhodon'
tgetcaughtpayanevenhigherprice.Acheaterdoesn'
tlearnfromthetest,deprivinghim/herselfofaneducation.Cheatingunderminesconfidenceandindependence:
thecheaterisafraud,andknowsthatwithoutdishonesty,he/shewouldhavefailed.Cheatingdestroysself-esteemandintegrity,leavingthecheaterashamed,guilty,andafraidofgettingcaught.Worstofall,acheaterwhodoesn'
tgetcaughtthefirsttimeusuallycheatsagain,notonlybecausehe/sheisfartherbehind,butalsobecauseitseems"
easier."
Thisslipperyslopeoferodingethicsandbiggerrisksleadsonlytodisaster.Eventually,thecheatergetscaught,andthelaterhe/shegetscaught,theworsetheconsequences.Studentshavebeendismissedfromschoolbecausetheydidn'
tgetthissimplemessage:
HonestyistheONLYpolicythatworks.
CheatingHurtsOthers,Too
Cheatersoftenfeelinvisible,asiftheiractions"
don'
tcount"
anddon'
treallyhurtanyone.Butindividualchoiceshaveaprofoundcumulativeeffect.Cheatingcanspreadlikeadisease,andacheatercanencourageothersjustbybeingseenfromacrosstheroom.Recentstatisticssuggest30%ormoreofcollegestudentscheat.Ifaclassisgradedonacurve,cheatinghurtsothers'
grades.Evenifthereisnocurve,cheating"
poisons"
theclassroom,andothersmayfeelpressuredtojoinin.("
IfIdon'
tcheat,Ican'
tcompetewiththosewhodo."
)Cheatingalsohasadestructiveimpactonteachers.Therealrewardofgoodteachingisseeingstudentslearn,but⑧.acheatersays,"
mnotinterestedinwhatyou'
retryingtoteach;
allIcareaboutisstealingagrade,regardlessoftheeffectonothers."
Theendresultisablatantanddestructiveattackonthequalityofyoureducation.Finally,cheatingcanhurtthereputationoftheUniversity,andharmthosewhoworkedhardfortheirdegree.
Ifcheatingbecomesthenorm,thenweareinbigtrouble.⑨.Wemustrelyonthehonestyandgoodfaithofotherseveryday.Ifnot,wecouldn'
tputmoneyinthebank,buyfood,clothing,ormedicinefromothers,driveacrossabridge,getonaplane,gotothedentist--thelistisendless.Therearemanyexamplesofthevastharmthatiscausedwhenindividualsforgetorignoretheeffecttheirdishonestycanhave.Thesavingsandloanscandal,thestockmarketandjunkbondswindles,and,ofcourse,⑩.Watergate,haveunderminedthefaithofmanyAmericansintheintegrityofpoliticalandeconomicleadersandsocietyasawhole.Suchincidentstakeatremendoustollonournation'
seconomyandourindividualwell-being.Forexample,butforthesavingsandloandebacle,theremightbefundsavailabletoreducethenationaldebtandpayforeducation.
Insum,weallhaveacommonstakeinourschool,ourcommunity,andoursociety.Ouractionsdomatter.Itisessentialthatweactwithintegrityinordertobuildthekindofworldinwhichwewanttolive.
1.Apersonofintegritynotonlysetshighmoralandethicalstandardsbutalso_______。
A)stickstothemintheirdailylife B)makesthemknowntoothers
C)understandstheirtruevalues D)seesthatothersalsofollowthem
2.Whatroledoesintegrityplayinpersonalandprofessionalrelationships?
A)Ithelpstocreateteamspirit B)Itfacilitatescommunication
C)Itisthebasisofmutualtrust D)Itinspiresmutualrespect
3.Whymustwelearntoidentifytheriskswearegoingtotake?
A.Toensurewemakeresponsiblechoices B.Toavoidbeingoverwhelmedbystress
C.sothatwedon’tbreakanyrules D.sothatwedon’trunintotrouble
4.Violationofaruleismisconductevenif_______
A.ithascausednoharm B.itisclaimedtobeunintentional
C.ithasgoneunnoticed D.itiscommittedwithgoodintentions
5.Whatshouldonedoifhedoesn’twishtofoolhimself?
A.Avoidmakingexcuses B.Listentootherpeople’sadvice
C.Makehisintensionspublic D.Haveotherswatchoverhisshoulder
6.Thosewhotakeriskstheyregretlateron_______。
A.willoftenbecomemorecautious B.areusuallyveryaggressive
C.valueimmediatebenefitsmost D.mayloseeverythingintheend
7.Accordingtotheauthor,acheaterwhodoesn’tgetcaughtrightawaywill_______
A.paymoredearly B.becomem
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