学年高二牛津译林版必修5第3单元单元综合测评英语卷含答案及解析Word格式.docx
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学年高二牛津译林版必修5第3单元单元综合测评英语卷含答案及解析Word格式.docx
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一、阅读理解
1.阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。
Energygoesfromoneplantoranimaltoanother.Afoodchainshowshowthisenergymoves.Eachtimeananimalgetseaten,itsenergyispassedontotheanimalthateatsit.Thefoodchainisveryimportantbecauseitkeepsthebalanceofnature.Ifonepartofthefoodchaindisappears,itcanaffectalltheotherplantsandanimals.Anythreattothefoodchainisathreattotheenvironment’sbiodiversity(生物多样性).Thefoodchainhelpskeepanimalpopulationsinbalance.However,ifsomethinghappenstodamageoneofthelinksinthefoodchain,thatbalanceisbroken.Ifoneanimalbecomesendangered,itputsalltheanimalsaboveitatrisk.
Someofthethreatsarenatural,suchaswildfires,hurricanes,tornados,floodsandsoon.Butthebiggestthreatstothefoodchaincomefromyouandme.Thesethreatsincludeoverfishing,logging,farming,development,pollution,etc.Thefoodchainisendangeredanywherehumanshavehadaneffectonthenaturalenvironment.
ArecentstudyshowsthattheoverfishingoflargesharksisdamagingthefoodchainalongtheUSAtlanticcoast.CanadianandAmericanscientistssaysharksarebeingkilledingreatnumbersfortheirmeatandfins(鳍).Now,notenoughsharksarearoundtoeatthecownoseray.Theray’spopulationhasincreasedandtheyhaveeatenuptheshellfishtothepointwhereithashurtcommercial(商业的)fishing.
Manyofusdisturbthenaturalenvironmentinourownbackyards.It’suptoustotakecareoftheenvironmentandtrynottodisruptthenaturalfoodchain.Ifwedon’tactresponsibly,animalswillstartdisappearing.
1.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph1?
A.Thefoodchainisnoteasytobebroken.
B.Theenergyofananimalusuallydisappearswhenitdies.
C.Increasingthelinkswillnotbreakthebalanceofnature.
D.Breakingthefoodchainisbadforthebiodiversityoftheenvironment.
2.ThestudymentionedinParagraph3provesthat.
A.humanactivitiescanbeabigthreattothefoodchain
B.weareallresponsibleforthebreakingofthefoodchain
C.naturaldisastersarehardtobreakthefoodchain
D.huntinglargesharksformeatisbeneficial
3.Wecaninferthatthewriterwrotethispassagemainlyto.
A.explainwhatthefoodchainis
B.tellussomethinginterestingaboutnature
C.suggestthatwestopeatingmeattosaveanimals
D.suggestthatweshouldnotdisruptthenaturalfoodchain
2.阅读理解。
Oneday,Ireceivedacallfromacolleague.Hewasabouttogiveastudentazeroforhisanswertoaphysicalproblem,whilethestudentclaimedaperfectscore.Iwaselectedastheirarbiter(仲裁人).Ireadtheexaminationproblem,“Showhowitispossibletodeterminetheheightofatallbuildingwiththeaidofabarometer(气压计).”Thestudenthadanswered,“Takethebarometertothetopofthebuilding,attachalongropetoit,lowerittothestreet,andthenbringitupandmeasurethelengthoftherope.Thelengthofitistheheightofthebuilding.”
Thestudenthadreallyansweredthequestioncompletely,buttheanswerdidn’tconfirmhiscompetenceinphysics.Isuggestedthestudenttryagain.Igavehimsixminutestoanswerthequestion,warningthattheanswershouldshowsomeknowledgeofphysics.Fiveminuteslater,hesaidhehadmanyanswersanddashedoffone,whichread“Takethebarometertothetopofthebuildingandleanovertheedgeoftheroof.Dropthebarometer,timingitsfallwithastopwatch,thenusethephysicalformula(公式)tocalculatetheheightofthebuilding.”
Atthispoint,mycolleaguehadtoacceptit,andthenthestudentmadealmostfullmarks.Icouldn’thelpaskingthestudentwhattheotheranswerswere.Helistedmanyothers,andthenadded,“Probablythebestoneistotakethebarometertotheadministratorandsaytohim,‘Sir,hereisafinebarometer.Ifyoutellmetheheightofthebuilding,Iwillgiveittoyou.’”
Then,Iaskedthestudentifhereallydidnotknowtheconventionalanswertothisquestion.Headmittedthathedid,butsaidthathewasfedupwithhighschoolandcollegeinstructorstryingtoteachhimhowtothink.
ThenameofthestudentwasBohrwholaterwasfamousallovertheworld.HewontheNobelPrizeinPhysicsin1922.
1.Thestudentgotazeroatthebeginningbecause.
A.theteacherwasn’tsatisfiedwithhim
B.hisanswerwasn’tcompleteorcorrect
C.theteacherdidn’tfullyunderstandhisanswer
D.hisanswerdidn’tshowhisknowledgeofphysics
2.Weknowfromthepassagethat.
A.thestudentknewtheexpectedanswer
B.theadministratortoldBohrtheheight
C.theauthorpreferredBohr’slastanswer
D.theteacherwasaverystubbornperson
3.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat.
A.instructorscanteachstudentshowtothink
B.arbiterscanhelpstudentstogethighscores
C.studentsshouldbegivenmorefreedominthinking
D.teachersshouldmakestudentsusephysicalformulas
4.WhatwasBohr’sattitudetowardhisschooling?
A.Optimistic._________B.Critical.
C.Approving.____________________D.Pessimistic.
3.阅读理解。
Oneinfivepeoplecarrya“smartgene”variant(变体)linkedtolonglifespan,biggerforebrainsandenhancedmentalability,researchershavefound.
“We’veknownforalongtimethatpeoplelosecognitive(认知)abilitiesastheyage,butnowwe’rebeginningtounderstandthatfactorslikeKLOTHOcangivepeopleaboostinaging.GeneticvariationinKLOTHOcouldhelpuspredictbrainhealthandfindwaystoprotectpeoplefromthediseasesthathappentousaswegrowold,likeAlzheimer’sdisease(老年痴呆症),”saidseniorauthor,DenaDubalofUniversityofCalifornia.
TheKLOTHOgeneaffectsaproteinfoundinthekidneysandthebrainthatregulatesmanydifferentbodyprocesses.Aboutoneinfivepeoplecarryasinglecopyofthevariant,knownasKL-VS,whichboostslevelsoftheproteinandisassociatedwithalongerlifespanandimprovedheartandkidneyfunction.Asmallminority,3%ofthepopulation,hastwocopies,whichislinkedtoashorterlifespan.
Inthenewstudyscientistsscannedthebrainsof422menandwomenaged53andoverwhowerealsotestedfortheKLOTHOgene.TheyfoundthatparticipantswithasinglecopyofthegenevariantalsohadalargerbrainregionknownasRDLPFC,whichisespeciallylikelytoshrinkwithage.Lossofneuronsinthisareamaybeonereasonwhyolderpeoplearesometimeseasilydistractedandfinditdifficulttodomorethanonetaskatthesametime.
ResearcherDrJenniferYokoyamasaid,“ThebrainregionenhancedbygeneticvariationinKLOTHOisvulnerable(脆弱的)inagingandsomementaldisease.Inthiscase,biggersizemeansbetterfunction.ItwillbeimportanttodeterminewhetherthestructureincreaseassociatedwithcarryingonecopyofKL-VScanoffsetthecognitive(认知的)shortagecausedbydisease.”
PeoplewhohaveonecopyofavariantKL-VStendtolivelongerandhavelowerchancesofsufferingastroke(中风),whereaspeoplewhohavetwocopiesmayliveshorterlivesandhaveahigherriskofstroke.
1.Whatcanwelearnfromthesecondparagraph?
A.People’scognitiveabilitiesdonotdeclineifpeoplehaveKLOTHO.
B.WiththeclearunderstandingofKLOTHO,Alzheimer’sdiseasecanbecurednow.
C.GeneticvariationinKLOTHOcouldbehelpfulintreatingmentaldiseaseinelderlypeople.
D.GeneticvariationinKLOTHOcouldleadpeopletosufferfromAlzheimer’sdisease.
2.Ifapersoncarriestwocopiesofthegenevariant,he/shemay.
A.havebetterkidneyfunction
B.haveashorterlifespan
C.haveahigherleveloftheproteininhis/herbody
D.sufferfromsomecognitivedisease
3.Thereasonwhyolderpeople’sattentioniseasilydistractedmaybethat.
A.theyhavefewerneuronsintheRDLPEC
B.theirbrainregionistoolarge
C.theyhavetwocopiesofthegenevariant
D.theyhavemoreneuronsintheRDLPEC
4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“offset”inParagraph5probablymean?
A.Prevent.________________________B.Balance.
C.Keep._________________________________D.Promote.
4.阅读理解。
AlibabastartedtakingtheleadinChinabyconnectingbigChinesemanufacturers(制造商)withbigbuyersacrosstheworld.Itsbusiness-to-businesssite,Aallowedbusinesstobuyalmosteverything.Alibaba’sadvantagewasn’thardtojudge:
size.Alibabaisjustbig,evenbyChinesestandards.Itsmarketattracts231millionactivebuyers,8millionsellers,11.3billionordersayear—andAlibabaisjustthemiddleman.Itencouragespeopletouseitsmarkets—notchargingsmallsellersapercentageofthesale.
IfyouwantaquicklookintotheinfluenceofAlibabaondailyChineselife,takemyexperience.ImovedtoBeijingayearagoandquicklygottiredofvisitingsmallstoresacrossthecrowded,pollutedcityof20millionpeopleinsearchofnewelectronics,bathroomfurnishings,andanythingelsemywifewanted.“You’relookingforwhatexactly?
Whynottryit?
”myChineseteacheraskedmeoneday.Withthat,mywonderfulnewrelationshipwithAlibababegan.
Alibaba’soriginalbusiness-to-businessmodelnowissecondtoconsumerbuying.Chineseretail(零售)buyingmakesup80%ofAlibaba’sprofit,andleadingthatgroupisTaobao,with800millionitemsforsaleandthemostunbelievableselectionofthingsyou’lleverfind.TisAlibaba’sanotherbigsite,whereyoucanfindbrandnamegoodsfromNikeandUnilevernearthelowestprices.
WhatIhaveahardtimeexplainingtofriendsandfamilybackintheU.S.ishowChinahasgonebeyondtraditionalshopping—big-boxretailersespecially—infavourofonlinepurchasesonTaobaoandafewothersites.InsmallertownsthanBeijing,wherebigretailershavenotyettraveled,shoppingonlineisshopping,and
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