Alevel PH2 physics questionsWord文档格式.docx
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Alevel PH2 physics questionsWord文档格式.docx
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Question1
(a)Thestrongforceisoneofthefundamentalinteractions.Whatexchangeparticleisassociatedwiththisforce?
.................................................................................................................................
Listtheotherfundamentalinteractions.Circletheoneforwhichthephotonistheexchangeparticle.
(5)
(b)Completethetablebelowwhichcomparesalphaparticlescatteringwithdeepinelasticscattering.
(4)
(c)TheΩ–(omegaminus),aparticlewithstrangeness–3,wasidentifiedin1964inanexperimentinvolvinganinteractionbetweenaK–mesonofstrangeness–1andaproton.
K–+p→Ω–+K++K0
IstheΩ–particleabaryonorameson?
Givetworeasonsforyouranswer.
(2)
(e)Thetheoryofrelativityestablishedthatallformsofenergypossessmassand,conversely,thatmaterialparticlesareaformofenergy.Ifenoughenergyisconcentrated,newparticlesofmatterwillappear.Thus,theviolentcollisionoftwoprotons,forexample,canproducemoreprotons.Whenevermatteriscreatedthiswayinthelaboratoryitisalwaysaccompaniedbyanequivalentquantityofantimatter.Eachleptonandquarkpossessesanantiparticleinwhichallthephysicalpropertiesexceptmassarereversed.Ifanantiparticleencountersitsmirrorparticletheyannihilateeachother,usuallyintheformofgammaradiation.
[AdaptedfromPaulDavies:
Theparticlesandforcesofnature,inRevisedNASPhysics,Longman1986.]
(i)Thecollisionbetweentwoprotonsisdescribedasbeingaviolentcollision.Explainwhythecollisionmustbeaviolentoneinordertoproducemoreprotons.
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(ii)Whenevermatteriscreated“itisalwaysaccompaniedbyanequivalentquantityofantimatter”.
Whatconservationlawsdoesthisstatementimply?
(3)
ThegridshowstherelationshipbetweennumberofneutronsNandnumberofprotonsZforsomeofthestablenuclidesintheregionZ=31toZ=45.
Strontium-90,
Sr,isanunstablenuclide.Itdecaysbyβ–emissiontoanunstableisotopeofyttrium.Onthegraphmarkthepositionof
Srandthisisotopeofyttrium.
Rbisanotherunstablenuclide.Markthepositionof
Rbonthegraph.
Bywhatmeanswouldyouexpect
Rbtodecay?
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Thefollowingstronginteractionhasbeenobserved.
K–+p→n+X
TheK–isastrangemesonofquarkcomposition
.
Theuquarkhasachargeof+2/3.
Thedquarkhasachargeof–1/3.
Deducethechargeofthestrangequark.
(1)
UsetheappropriateconservationlawtodecidewhetherparticleXispositive,negativeorneutral.
IsparticleXabaryonorameson?
Showhowyouobtainedyouranswer.
StatethequarkcompositionofX.Justifyyouranswer.
(a)Stateonesimilarityandtwodifferencesbetweenalphaandbetaparticles.
Similarity................................................................................................................
Difference1............................................................................................................
Difference2............................................................................................................
(b)Anatomofantihydrogen(apositronorbitingaroundanantiproton)hasbeenproduced.
Isanatomofantihydrogenpositive,negativeorneutral?
Statethequarkcompositionofanantiproton.
Showthatanantiprotonhasachargeof–1.
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