高中英语真题第十二节 派生词文档格式.docx
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高中英语真题第十二节 派生词文档格式.docx
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向内)
irreligious无宗教信仰的;
irregular不规则的
micro
微
microwave微波炉;
microcomputer微型电脑
mid
中部
midnight半夜;
middle中间的;
midterm期中
mini
小,微
minibus小型公共汽车;
miniskirt超短裙
mis
误,恶,不
misfortune不幸;
mistrust不信任
multi
多
multicultural多元文化的;
multicoloured多色的
non
nonsmoker不抽烟的人
out
胜过;
过分;
在外
outdoor户外的;
outstanding杰出的
over
过度,在外,颠倒等
overwork劳累过度;
overcoat外套
post
后
postwar战后;
postmodern后现代主义的
pre
前,先
prearranged预先安排的;
prehistoric史前的
re
再,重,又;
相反;
回
reaction反应;
return返回
self
自己
selfdefence自卫;
selftaught自修的
step
后,继
stepfather继父;
stepmother继母
sub
在……下面;
亚于;
次于
subway地铁;
subtitle副标题
super
上,超
superpower超级大国;
supermarket超市
trans
横过,超越,变换
transnational跨国的;
transform改变
tele
远(程)
television电视;
telescope望远镜
tri
三(个……)
triangle三角形;
tricycle三轮脚踏车
un
不,无,非,未
unfriendly不友好的;
untie解开,解决
vice
副
vicechairman副主席;
vicepresident副总统
考点二
常见的后缀及派生词
1.名词后缀
suffix
al
表示过程或状态
removal移动;
arrival到达
(i)an
来自;
专长于……的人
musician音乐家;
Egyptian埃及人
ance
表状态,行为
appearance外表;
acceptance接受;
reliance依靠
ant
ent
人,物
servant仆人;
inhabitant居民,栖居动物
ar
er
beggar乞讨者;
murderer杀人犯;
recorder录音机
(t)ion
ation
表状态,动作过程,行为
suggestion建议;
graduation毕业;
liberation解放;
expression表达
dom
身份,领域
freedom自由;
wisdom智慧
ee
employee被雇用者;
refugee难民
ence
性质,状态,行为
difference区别;
confidence自信;
dependence依靠
ess
表女性,雌性
hostess女主人;
actress女演员;
tigress母老虎
ful
充满
basketful满篮;
mouthful满嘴;
houseful一屋子
hood
性质,身份,状态,时期
childhood儿童时代;
neighbourhood附近
ism
宗教,风格,主义
heroism英雄气概;
communism共产主义;
socialism社会主义者
ist
人,主义者
novelist小说家,socialist社会主义
ity
性质,状态
reality现实,ability能力;
equality平等
ment
行为,物,组织,运动,结果
disappointment失望;
movement运动;
agreement协议
ness
kindness仁慈;
tiredness疲劳
or
visitor参观者;
actor男演员
ship
性质,身份,资格
hardship艰苦;
leadership领导身份;
friendship友谊
sion
行为,状态
conclusion结论;
tension紧张
ure
exposure暴露;
failure失败
th
结果,过程,性质,状态
truth真理;
youth青春;
growth生长;
warmth温暖
age
集合,地点,结果
storage储藏;
shortage短缺;
marriage婚姻
2.形容词后缀
Suffix
able
ible
ble
可……的,能……的
acceptable可接受的;
reasonable合情合理的;
comfortable舒适的
(u)al
属于……的,具有……属性
equal平等的;
national国家的;
chemical化学的
an
……(地,人)的
republican共和国的;
European欧洲人的
ary
……的
imaginary想象的;
revolutionary革命的
ative
creative有创造性的;
qualitative质量的
ed
(具)有……的(特征)
determined坚定的;
learned博学的;
aged年老的
frequent经常的;
silent沉默的;
diligent勤奋的
ese
(地,人)的
Chinese中国(人)的;
Japanese日本(人)的
ern
表示方向
eastern东方的;
southern南方的
golden金色的;
wooden木制的;
woolen羊毛的
ic
与……有关的
realistic现实的;
energetic精力充足的
ing
具有……(特征)的
boring令人厌烦的;
frightening令人害怕的
ish
近乎……的,如……的
childish孩子气的;
foolish愚蠢的;
selfish自私的
ive
与……有关的,有……倾向的,有……特性的
expensive昂贵的;
effective有效的;
decisive决定性的
满的;
有……性质的,引起……的
faithful信任的;
powerful强大的;
cheerful愉快的
less
无……的;
不……的
homeless无家可归的;
sleepless失眠的;
careless粗心的
ous
多……的,有……特性的
various各种各样的;
humorous幽默的;
dangerous危险的
ly
……品质的,每……的
friendly友好的;
motherly母亲般的;
weekly每周的
ward
向……的
backward向后的;
forward向前的
y
多……的;
有……的;
如……的
cloudy多云的;
funny有趣的;
lucky运气好的
3.副词后缀
……地,状态,程度,方式
extremely非常;
slowly慢慢地;
happily高兴地
s
时间,地点,状态
outdoors在户外;
indoors在室内
ward(s)
方向
afterward(s)后来;
outwards向外;
downwards向下
4.动词后缀
使变成
sharpen削尖;
broaden加宽;
strengthen加强;
deepen加深
fy
使……化
simplify简化;
beautify美化;
purify净化;
horrify使恐怖
ize
modernize使现代化;
realize实现;
mechanize使机械化
注意:
一般情况下,加前缀改变词义,加后缀改变词性。
[本节小结]
在新课标全国卷的语法填空题中,有涉及单词的形式变化的题目。
此外,新考纲要求考生掌握3
000多个英语单词。
因此,掌握常用派生词的构词方法不仅能帮助同学们做好语法填空题,还能帮助同学们扩大词汇量,为同学们在高考中稳操胜券奠定基础。
针对训练
Ⅰ.完成句子
用括号内所给词的适当形式填空
1.I
was
supposed
to
arrive
at
the
airport
on
time.________
(fortunate),I
held
up
by
heavy
traffic
jam.
【答案】 Unfortunately
2.Therefore,when
they
become
older
are
________(able)
do
any
other
kind
of
work.
【答案】 unable
3.Very
early
next
morning,amazingly,we
got
completely
satisfied
in
a
totally________________
(expect)
way.
【答案】 unexpected
4.I
won'
t
purchase
because
price
this
dress
is
________________
(reason).
【答案】 unreasonable
5.Job
(apply)
need
show
their
ability
be
both
organized
and
flexible
taking
many
tasks
same
time.
【答案】 applicants
6.All
facts
source
(conclude).
【答案】 conclusions
7.However,most
________
(science)
agree
that
EQ
has
lot
with
________(educate).
【答案】 scientists;
education
8.Excellent
oral
written
(communicate)
skills
Chinese
English
(important).
【答案】 communication;
importance
9.Fresh
fruits
vegetables
can
provide
much
our
daily
(require).
【答案】 requirement
10.It
your
(free)
what
you
want
after
class.
【答案】 freedom
11.As
known
us
all,the
Entrance
Exam
great
________________,and
students
(compete).
【答案】 competition;
competitors
12.I
am
(grate)
for
help.
【答案】 grateful
13.He
gave
me
some
(construct)
suggestions.
【答案】 constructive
14.A
jury'
s
decision
court
case
must
absolutely
(object).
【答案】 objective
15.He
devoted
money
building
schools
(mountain)
areas.
【答案】 mountainous
Ⅱ.语篇填空
阅读下面短文,按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求,使用括号中词语的正确形式填空
It
really
hard
time
when
Li
Ping
first
came
United
States.His
1.________(earn)
could
hardly
cover
expenses,so
his
wife
2.________(bear)
second
daughter,they
not
afford
enough
nutrition
food.Soon,poor
caused
3.________(die)
poor
baby.
4.________(lonely)
another
problem
had
no
5.________(relate)
or
friends
there.Thanks
6.________(brave)
7.________(persevere),he
managed
gain
8.________(citizen)
States
end
he
permanent
9.
________(settle).He
always
tells
children
like
this:
Perseverance
leads
10.________(happy)
success.
【答案】 1.earnings 2.birth 3.death 4.Loneliness
5.relations 6.bravery 7.perseverance 8.citizenship
9.settlement 10.happiness
综合演练
语法填空
根据单词提示,用单词的相应词性变化完成下列短文
Sixtysix
percent
15to
25yearolds
China
say
happy,according
survey
global
youth
1.________(happy)conducted
14
countries.
The
shows
young
people
worldwide
2.________
(happy)
vacation,being
challenged,or
achieving
something.The
3.________(young)in
US,for
example,said
were
happiest
between
8
10
pm
Saturdays
July,enjoying
good
4.________(musician)
spending
family.
According
study
author
Joeri
Van
Den
Bergh,young
don'
just
impress
friends.Today'
accomplish
something
life,whether
means
big
5.________
(accomplish)like
doing
well
an
important
exam
finding
job,or
small
things
making
delicious
dinner.
also
higher
happiness
6.________
(develop)countries—Brazil,India
all
ranked
7.________(high).Young
these
countries
might
realize
better
off
than
parents
improving
8.________(economy)
environment.
However,Christine
Carter,sociologist
expert
University
California.Berkeley,noted
still
feel
happy
under
so
9.________(press)
achieve.
Carter
said
research
ages
cultures
link
sense
gratitude,10.________
(generous),compassion
social
ties.
【答案】 1.happiness 2.happiest 3.youth 4.music
5.accomplishments 6.developing 7.highly 8.economic
9.pressure 10.generosity
1.
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