初中英语句子成分讲解 练习及答案文档格式.docx
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初中英语句子成分讲解 练习及答案文档格式.docx
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宾语是及物动词涉及到的人或物,宾语一般放在及物动词之后.介词后面的名词或代词或动名词,称为介词宾语.名词.代词.数词常在句中做动词宾语或介词宾语.别的,动词不定式可作动词宾语;
动名词和宾语从句也可用作动词宾语.
解释2:
及物动词作谓语时,后面要跟宾语.宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象,直接宾语指物,间接宾语平日是及物动词的动作所及的人,间接宾语指人.间接宾语一般放在直接宾语之前.
不是所有的及物动词都可以用双宾语.有的动词可以跟.如:
give,show(给……看),bring,pass,buy等.如:
(1)Ourteachertellsusastory.
(2)Thesungivesuslight.
间接宾语假如放在直接宾语之后,在暗示“人”的间接宾语之前会消失介词“to”或“for”.
间接宾语前加“to”的有:
give,show,send,bring,read,pass,lend,leave,hand,tell,return,write,throw,promise(答应),refuse(谢绝)等.
间接宾语加“for”的有:
make,buy,do,get,play,order(敕令),sing,pay等
(1)Igivehimabook.改成:
(2)Hepassesmethebook.(他将书递给我.)改成:
(3)Hewritesmealetter.改成:
(4)Hewillbuymesomebooks.改成:
(5)Sheismakingmeacake.改成:
(四)宾语补足语
在宾语后面填补解释宾语的动作.状况.特点的成分,称为宾语补足语.名词.形容词.副词.介词短语以及动词不定式.分词等可用作宾语补足语.宾语和宾语补足语称为复合宾语.
Theymakeherhappy.(形容词)
Iseeherdance.(不定式)
We’llhelpyoutomaketheOlympicsasuccess.(名词)
Pleaselethimin.(副词)
Weheardhersingingasong.(分词短语)
(五)表语
表语解释主语“是什么”或者“怎么样”,由名词.形容词.副词.介词.不定式及相当于名词或形容词或短语来担任.它的地位在系动词后面.
Iamateacher.(名词)
Heisalwayshappy.(形容词)
Theyareontheplaygroundnow.(介词短语)
Itgetscold.(形容词)
Be动词(am,is,are,was,were)
系动词表保持(keep,stay,remain)
表转变(get,become,turn)
感官动词(feel,sound(听起来),seem/look(看起来),taste(尝起来),smell(闻起来))
如:
Itsoundsinteresting.(sound为系动词,interesting为表语)
Weshouldallremaincareful.Remain(为系动词,careful为表语)
(六)定语
定语是用来润饰名词或代词的.形容词.代词.数词.名词.介词短语.不等式或相当于形容词的词或短语等.
单个词作定语时,平日放在它所润饰的名词之前.
如:
Theblackbikeismine.(形容词)
What’syourname?
(代词)
Theymakepaperflowers.(名词)
解释1:
当定语润饰不定代词:
nothing,anything,everything,something等时,定语在不定代词后面.如:
Itellhimsomethinginteresting.(形容词interesting作不定代词something的后置定语)
Hehassomethingtodo.(todo为不定式作后置定语)
解释2:
短语或从句作定语时,也放在被润饰的名词之后.
如:
TheboysintheroomareinClassFour.(intheroom是介词短语作theboys的后置定语.)
(七)状语
润饰动词.形容词.副词.一般暗示行动产生的时光.地点.目标.方法.程度等意义,一般由副词.介词短语.不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来暗示.状语一般放在句末,但有的可以放在句首.句中.
Hediditcarefully.(副词)
Weoftenhelphim.(副词)
HermothergoesouttodosomeshoppingonSunday.(介词短语)
WhenIgrowup,Iamgoingtobeateacher.(从句作时光状语)
Hesitsthere.(副词地点状语)
【简略句的五种根本句型】
A.主语+不及物动词(主谓)
Thesunrises.太阳升起来.
Thecarstopped.小汽车停下来了.
rise和stop都是不及物动词,是以后边不必加宾语.
B.主语+及物动词+宾语(主谓宾)
Ilovemycountry.Hehelpsme.Ilikeactionmovies.Ibuyabook.
C.主语+系动词+表语(主系表)
如:
Herbrotherisadriver.
Wefeelhappy.(feel为系动词,暗示觉得……)
Itgetsdark.天黑了.(get为系动词,暗示变得)
Tomlooksill.Tom看上去病了.(look为系动词,暗示看上去,看起来)
D.主语+及物动词+双宾语(直接宾语.间接宾语)(主谓+直宾+间宾)
HegivesTomapresent.(双宾语)他给汤姆一件礼品.
Mothermakeanewdressforme.(双宾语)妈妈为我做了一件衣服.
E.主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语(主+谓+宾+宾补)
TheycallherMary.(宾补)他们叫她Mary.
Wemakeourclassroomcleanandtidy.(宾补)我们使我们的教室清洁而整洁.
Healwaysmakesuslaugh.(宾补)他总使我们笑.
二、典范例题
写出划线部分的句子成分.
1.Lilyiscleaningthedesknow.
2.Hergardenisthebestinourtown.
3.LiuMingisthirteenyearsold.
4.Ilikethisbookverymuch.
5.ThegirlonthebluebikeisJane’ssister.
6.Shedidn’tcometomypartybecauseshewasill.
7.WangPingdoeshishomeworkcarefully.
8.WewillgototheChildren’sPalaceonceaweek.
9.Theyareintheclassroom.
10.Itsoundsgood.
11.HisnameisPaul.
12.Wealwaysgotoschoolearly.
三、课后演习
(一)挑出下列句中的宾语
①
Mybrother
doesn'
t
do
hishomework.
ABCD
②
People
all
over
theworld
speak
English.
ABCD
③Youmustpay
good
attention
to
your
pronunciation.
ABCD
④Howmanynew
words
you
learn
?
ABCD
⑤Someofthe
students
intheschoolwant
togoswimming,
how
about
you?
ABCD
(二)挑出下列句中的表语
Theoldman
is
feeling
very
tired.
ABCD
②Whyis
he
worried
Jim?
ABCD
③
The
leaves
have
turned
yellow.
ABCD
④Soon
They
becomeinterested
inthesubject.
ABCD
⑤She
thefirst
tolearn
aboutit.
ABCD
(三)挑出下列句中的定语
use
Mr.Mrs.withthe
family
name.
What
given
name?
③Onthe
third
lap
are
Class1andClass3.
ABCD
④Iam
afraid
some
people
forgot
tosweep
thefloor.
⑤
Theman
downstairs
was
trying
tosleep.
(四)挑出下列句中的宾语补足语
①She
likes
thechildren
toreadnewspapersandbooks
inthe
reading-room.
ABCD
②He
asks
her
totaketheboy
outofschool.
ABCD
③She
find
it
difficult
todothework.
④They
call
me
Lily
sometimes.
I
saw
Mr.Wang
getonthebus.
ABCD
(五)挑出下列句中的状语
There
abigsmile
onherface.
Everynight
heard
thenoise
upstairs.
③He
began
English
whenhewaseleven.
④
onthemotorbike
istravelling
tofast.
Withthemedicineboxunderherarm,
Miss
Li
hurriedoff.
ABCD
(六)划出句中的直接宾语()和间接宾语()
①Pleasetellusastory.
②Myfatherboughtanewbikeformelastweek.
③Mr.Liisgoingtoteachushistorynextterm.
④Hereisapen.GiveittoTom.
⑤Doesheleaveanymessageforme?
典范例题答案
一.写出划线部分的句子成分.
1.主,谓,宾,状2.定,状
3.表4.谓,宾,状
5.定,定6.谓,状
7.谓,宾,状8.谓,状
9.表10.表
11.定,表12.状,状
课后演习
(三)①D②D③B④A⑤B(四)①D②B③D④C⑤B
(五)①C②C③A④B⑤B(六)①C②C③C④C⑤D
(七)①D②A③D④D⑤A(八)①us,间接宾语astory,直接宾语
②me,间接宾语anewbike,直接宾语③us,间接宾语history,直接宾语
④Tom,间接宾语it,直接宾语⑤me,间接宾语message,直接宾语
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