高考英语考前30天语法精讲精练名词数词冠词Word格式.docx
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高考英语考前30天语法精讲精练名词数词冠词Word格式.docx
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Cattlearesellingforrecordprice(创记录).
备用词:
theenemy,(the)people
表示由若干人组成的集合体的单数词常可作复数用,
但若把这个集合体看作整体就用作单数:
Myfamilyarewonderful.Theydoalltheycanforme.
Thefamilywhichnowconsistsoffourmembersatmostis
smallerthanitusedtobe.
4)不可数名词作可数的情况
A.部分不可数名词可以有下列情况
a(an)+adj.+n.
Itlookslikerain.athirstyforknowledge(求知欲)
aheavyrainHehasagoodknowledgeofpolitics.
snow,breakfast,wine,oil,education
B.口语特例(特定场合)
A(One)beer,please.
Twoteasandfourcoffees,please.
5)既是可数又是不可数的名词
Ibrokeaglassthismorning.(杯子)
Glassismadefromsand.(玻璃)
paper/apaper,light(光)/alight(灯);
ice(冰)/anice(冰激凌),chicken(鸡肉)/achicken(雏鸡)
6)单位词
A.个数
apieceofinformation(furniture,advice…)
B.以形状表示个数
agrainofrice,aflightofstairs
C.容量
aboxofmatches,acupoftea
D.计量
ametreofcloth,atonofcoal
E.其它
a(new)setoftools(wires,teeth,rules)
3、名词的格:
1)’s的用法
A.与时间有关的名词
anight’ssleeptenminutes’walk
atwo-hourwalk=twohours’walk
B.和else连用
bookcanthisbe?
A.Whoelse’sB.Whoseelse
C.Who’selseD.Whoseelse’s(A)
C.‘s修饰的词,如果前面提到,可省略
ThisisJack’sbook,notTom’s.
ThisbookisJack’snotTom’s.
D.表示店、铺、家、诊所等,‘s后面的名词省略
attheGreen’s(house),atthedoctor’s(office)
2)OF结构表示所有关系
A.无生命的名词用of
thepriceofthesuccess
B.有生命的名词被一个短语或从句修饰而表示所有关系时用of
Can’tyoulookatthebookoftheboybehindyou?
3)双重所有格
‘s与of结构并用,此时of结构所修饰的名词前通常有a,an,two,some,that等
MissSmithisafriendofMary’smother’s.
thatbrotherofthegirl
4)名词+名词(名词用作形容词)
A.单数名词+名词 ashoe(flower)shopticketoffice
thetailor’s(shop)
B.复数名词 + 名词
sportsmeetclothesshopwomenpilots
二、数词
1、数词在使用时应注意的问题:
●易错数词:
● 年月日及介词
● 计算用词
● 和数字相关的词
2、综合
1)数字表达:
123,856,709
onehundredandtwenty-threemillion,eighthundredand
fifty-sixthousand,sevenhundredandnine
2)年月日inthemorning;
onthemorningofSeptember1;
inSeptember;
in1988;
onSeptember1(onthefirstofSeptember)
3、计算
+ Sixandfiveis(are)eleven.
Sixhundredplusfortyis(equals)sixhundredandforty.
- Fourfromsevenis(leaves)three.
Sixhundredminusonehundredequalsfivehundred.
X16x11=176
Sixteentimeselevenis(makes)onehundredandseventy-six.
÷
9÷
3=3
Ninedividedbythreeequalsthree.
4、dozen,score
A.threedozeneggs;
threedozenoftheseeggs;
dozensofeggs
B.threescoreyears;
a(three)scoreofpeople;
scoresoftimes
5、小数,分数,百分比引导的短语作主语时的主谓一致问题.
分数和百分数引导的短语作主语,其谓语动词的数应根据分数和百分数后面的名词来确定.如果是可数名词的复数,其谓语动词用复数形式;
如果是不可数名词或单数可数名词其谓语动词用单数形式.
Morethan40percentofthestudentswearglasses.
70percentodthefund(资金)wassuppliedbytheGovernment.
6、“一个半...”的表达法.
onepoundandahalf,oneandahalfyears
三、冠词
1、冠词应注意的问题
● 习惯用法
● 同一名词前不同名词的比较
2、不定冠词
1)成对的名词(此类名词间常有一种自然的联系)
aknifeandfork
2)amost+n.“非常“Thisisamostbeautifulcountry.
3)a(an)与one之区别
A.数字对比用oneItwasonecoffeeweordered,nottwo.
B.对比 Aknifeisnogood. (刀子不行)
Oneknifeisnogood. (一把刀子不行)
C.通用 a(one)million,a(one)quarter
4)a(an)与every之比较:
threetimesayear;
twiceeverythreeyears
5)惯用法 A.Whatasurprise!
Whatalovelydress!
quiteanicedayratheragoodidea
suchafunnyexpression
B.toocoldadayHowlovelyadress!
sostrangeapersonasgoodamapas
3、定冠词
1)普通名词组成的专有名词theGreatWalltheSummerPalace
2)江河、海洋、山脉、群岛、海峡、海湾thePacific(Ocean)
3)the+adj.(-ing;
-ed)
A.指一类人,谓语用复数
Theoldarebeingtakengoodcareof.
B.指一类事,谓语用单数
Thebeautifulisnotalwaysthesameasthegood.
4)用在radio,piano,telephone,方位、次序、自然现象(rain)、身体
部位前Hehatesthetelephone.
5)被定语从句、介词短语、副词短语、不定式短语等修饰的名词前
Theboywhoyouarelookingfor(inblue,there,standingthere,
dressedinblue)isastudent.
4、零冠词
1)街道、广场、节假日、季节、月份、星期、棋类、球类等
NationalDayNanjingRoad
2)职位充当补语、同位语时
Hewaselectedheadmasteroftheschool.
3)成对出现的成语
arminarm(手挽手),handinhand(手牵手),facetoface,
sidebyside(肩并肩),dayandnight,youngandold,
fromdoortodoor,frommorningtillnight,frombeginningtoend
5、冠词比较
1)gotoschool(hospital,church);
inprison(强调用途)
gototheschool,visittheprison(强调建筑物本身)
2)I’llgotherenextFriday.(以说话时间为准)
In1989,hewas28,andthenextyear,hewas29.(以所给时间为准)
3)byair(plane,boat…)inaspaceship(onthebike,onthebus)
4)Openthewindowtoletinfreshair.(泛指)
Theairintheroomisnotfresh.(特指)
5)beattablebeatthetable
6)acupofcoffeeTwocoffees,please.Ilikewhitecoffee.
Thisisaverygoodcoffee.ThecoffeeonthetableisTom’s.
7)Mr.Whiteiswaitingtoseeyou.AMr.Whiteiswaitingtoseeyou.
TheMr.Whiteyouarelookingforiswaitingtoseeyou.
8)Ahorseisausefulanimal.Thehorseisausefulanimal.
Horsesareusefulanimals.
9)thebestseasonoftheyearthebesttimeofyear
EXERCISES1(单选)
1.---I’dlikeinformationaboutthemanagementofyourhotel,please.
---Well,youcouldhavewordwiththemanager.Hemightbehelpful.
A.some,aB.an,someC.some,someD.an,a
2.Ifbyanychancesomeonecomestoseeme,askthemtohavea.
A.messageB.letterC.sentenceD.notice
3.Hedroppedtheandbrokeit.A.cupofcoffee
B.coffee’scupC.cupforcoffeeD.coffeecup
4.Thereareonlytwelveinthehospital.A.womandoctors
B.womendoctorsC.womendoctorD.womandoctor
5.---Howmanydoesacowhave?
---Four.
A.stomachesB.stomachC.stomachsD.stomachines
6.Theofthebuildingarecoveredwithlotsof.(AADBCA)
A.roofs,leavesB.rooves,leafsC.roof,leafD.roofs,leafs
7.Thatwasafiftyengine.A.horsepower
B.horsespowerC.horsepowersD.horsespowers
8.---Howfarawayisitfromheretoyourschool?
---It’sabout.
A.halfanhour’sdriveB.halfhoursdrives
C.halfanhourdrivesD.halfanhourdrive
9.LastweekIcalledatmy.
A.auntB.auntsC.aunt’sD.aunts’s
10.You’llfindthismapofgreatinhelpingyoutogetroundLondon.
A.priceB.costC.usefulnessD.value
11.AlexanderGrahamBellinventedtelephonein1876.
A.不填B.aC.theD.one
12.---Where’sJack?
---Ithinkhe’sstillinbedbuthemightjustbeinbathroom.A.不填,不填B.the,the
C.the,不填D.不填,the(AACDCD)
13.Manypeoplearestillinhabitofwritingsillythingsinpublicplaces.A.the,theB.不填,不填
C.the,不填D.不填,the
14.Sheisnewcomertochemistrybustshehasalreadymadesome
importantdiscoveries.
A.the,theB.the,不填C.a,不填D.a,the
15.---Haveyouseenpen?
Ileftitherethismorning.
---Isitblackone?
IthinkIsawitsomewhere.
A.a,theB.the,theC.a,aD.the,a
16.PapermoneywasinuseinChinawhenMarcoPolovisitedthe
countryinthirteenthcentry.
A.the,不填B.不填,theC.the,theD.不填,不填
17.Thewarmthofsweaterwillofcoursebedeterminedbythesortof
woolused.
A.the,theB.the,不填C.不填,theD.不填,不填
18.SummersinsouthofFranceareformostpartdryandsunny.
A.不填,aB.the,不填C.不填,不填D.the,the(CCCBBD)
19.Aroughestimate,Nigeriais__________GreatBritain.(05上海卷)(D)
A.threetimesthesizeasB.thesizethreetimesof
C.threetimesasthesizeofD.threetimesthesizeof
20.Heprovedhimselfatruegentlemanandthebeautyofhis_______wasseenatitsbestwhenheworkedwithothers.(05上海卷)(D)
A.temperB.appearanceC.talentD.character
21.IamsureDavidwillbeabletofindthelibrary—hehasaprettygood_______ofdirection.(05浙江卷)(D)
A.ideaB.feelingC.experienceD.sense
22.Billwasdoingalotofphysicalexercisetobuilduphis_______.
(05天津卷)(C)
A.abilityB.forceC.strengthD.mind
23.My______ofthisweekend’sactivityisgoingoutwithsomegoodfriends.(05安徽卷)(A)
A.ideaB.opinionC.mindD.thought
24.TheheadofficeofthebankisinBeijing,butithas____alloverthecountry.(05辽宁卷)(B)
A.companiesB.branchesC.organizationsD.businesses
25.Ittookusquitealongtimetogethere.Itwas______journey.(05北京春)(C)
A.three-hourB.athreehourC.athree-hourD.threehours
26.Studentsshouldbeencouragedtouse___Internetas____resource.
(08山东)A.不填;
aB.不填;
theC.the;
theD.the;
a
Dtheinternet表示一类事物,aresource表示是资源的一种。
EXERCISES2(改错,每句一个错)
1.Afteroneyearhardwork,theSeniorThreestudentshavealreadypre-
paredthemselvesfortheentranceexam.(year’s)
2.Moreandmoremiddle-agedpeopleintheWesthaveheart’strouble,
whichresultsfromhigh-fatfoodtheyliketoeat.(heart)
3.Youcangetyourlibrarycardintheteacherreading-room,whichisonthe
secondfloor.(teachers’)
4.Hishairslookeddisordered,withsomegrayhaironhisforehead.
(hairs---------第二个)
5.NowIeatmorefruitsandvegetablesthanIusedto.Myfavoritefruitsare
apples,bananasandgrapes.(fruit------第一个)
6.Theladyenteredaroom,openedwindowstoletthefreshairin,and
satdowninanarmchairtohavearest.(thewindows)
7.MissNoraisyoung,nice,kindandactive.Sheistheteacheryoung
stu
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