英语论文莎士比亚悲剧故事中男主角的悲剧大分析文档格式.docx
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英语论文莎士比亚悲剧故事中男主角的悲剧大分析文档格式.docx
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Takencollectively,theyestablishShakespeareastheforemostliterarytalentofhisownElizabethanAgeand,evenmoreimpressively,asageniuswhosecreativeachievementhasneverbeensurpassedinanyage.
HiscreationsreflecttheBritishpolitics,ideology,culture,customsandtraditionsforawiderangeoftime.HisplaysoccupyanimportantpositionintheEuropeantheaterdevelopmentorliterarydevelopment,histragedyevenreachitspeaklevelinthehistoryoftheworldliterature.
ThisarticlewillstartwiththeculturaloriginsofShakespeare'
screation,toanalyzethetragicfiguresandthesubjectivesenseofthemaleprotagonistswhichleadtheminachievingthesametragicendingstowardlife,showingthesimilaritiesofthemaleprotagonistsinShakespeareantragedies,andexplainthefeaturesofthehumanitiesandthesocialrealitiesofEuropeanRenaissance.
KeyWords:
Shakespeare;
maleprotagonists;
tragicallife
TableofContents
1Introduction………………………………………………………1
1.1AbriefintroductionofWilliamShakespeareandhisliteraryachievements………………………………………………………1
1.2Abriefintrductionofthefourtragdies……………………3
2Thesimilaritiesofthe4maleprotagonists………………………4
2.1Theirsimilarfamilybackground……………………………4
2.2Theirsimilarlifeexperience…………………………………6
2.3Theirsimilartragicending………………………………….11
3Thereasonsfortheirtragicending………………………………14
3.1Theircharacters……………………………………………..14
3.2Theirsocialbackground……………………………………19
4Conclusion…………………………………………………………21
References……………………………………………………………23
1Introduction
1.1AbriefintroductionofWilliamShakespeareandhisliteraryachievements
WilliamShakespeare,Englishpoet,dramatist,andactor,oftencalledtheEnglishnationalpoetandconsideredbymanytobethegreatestdramatistofalltime.
ShakespearewasborninStratford-on-Avon,asmalltowntothenorthwestofLondon.Hisfatherwasaburgher,awell-to-doglovemakerandlaterbecameanaldermanofthetown.Shakespearehaveattendedthegrammarschoolofthetownwherehehavelearned“littleLatinandlessCreek”,asnotedbyhiscontemporaryBenJohnson.FromvariousrecordsitisclearthathisfatherJohnShakespeare,havingenjoyedprosperityinbusinessforsometime,becamelessprosperousandShakespearehavehelpedhiminhisbutcher’sshop.AbonddatedNov.26,1582,affordsclearevidencethatShakespearemarriedwithAnnaHathawayofStratford.AtthistimeShakespearewasonlyeighteen,andthebridewaseightyearsolder.Itwasahurriedmarriage,aforcedmarriageandanill-matchedone,becausetheirfirstchildSusannawaschristenedonMay26,1583,onlysixmonthsaftertheirmarrage..In1584Shakespearelefthisnativetown.Thenuntil1592whenhereappearedasarisingactor.Duringtheperiodheissaidtohavewanderedthroughthecountry,finallycomingtoLondon,whereheperformedvariousmeanjobs,evenincludingholdinghorsesatatheater.ThemostrecentattempttobridgethegapinhislifeisasuggestionthathehavespentmuchofthetimeintheLowCountriesinserviceinthearmiesoftheEarlofLeicester.
TheearliestrecordofShakespeare’scareerisareferenceinRobertGreene’sessayinwhichShakespeareismentionedas“anupstartcrow…inhisownconceittheonlyshakesceneinacountry.”In1594hisnameappearedonthepayrollofLordChamberlain’scompanyofactors,orLordChamberlain’smenattheGlobeTheatre.
Shakespeare’scareerasanactorandplaywrightstretchedformorethantwentyyears.Manyofhisplayswerepopularandquiteanumberofthemwerepublishedinhislifetimewithouthisknowledge.Afterhisdeathacollectionofhisplays,37inall,werepublishedinfolioformbytwoofhisfriendsin1623.IntheearlyyearsofhiscareerShakespearewasashareholderintheplayhouse.In1611or1612,heretiredorpartlyretiredfromLondonandwentbacktoliveinhisnativetown.Hisrisingpretensionduringtheyearsofhissuccessmaybeindicatedbythefactthatheboughtacoatofarmsforhisfatherin1596.HediedinStratfordin1616.
Shakespeare’swritingcareermayberoughlydividedintofourstages
Theearlyyearswereyearsofhisapprenticeship,datingfrom1592to1594.Duringthisperiodhewrotehisearlyhistoryplaysorhistoriesandagroupofcomedies.TheyareKingHenryVIinthreeparts(1590-1592),RichardIII(1593),TwoGentlemenofVerona(1594),andLove’sLaborLost(1594).Thisisaperiodofexperimentation.Itismarkedbyimitationofexistingplays,bythespiritofyouthfulnessandrichimagination,byexaggeratedlanguageandbythefrequentuseofrhymedcouplets.
Thesecondperiodisaperiodofrapidgrowthanddevelopment,datingfrom1595to1600.SuchplaysasMidsummerNight’sDream(1595),RomeoandJuliet(1596),TheMerchantofVenice(1597),thetwopartsofHenryIV(1597-1598),AsYouLikeit(1598),JuliusCaesar(1599),andHenryV(1599),wereallwritteninthisperiod.Theyshowmorecarefulandartisticwork,betterplot,andamarkedincreaseintheknowledgeofhumannature.
Thethirdperiodisaperiodofgloomanddepression,datingfrom1601to1608.Itisaperiodofhistragedies,suchasHamlet(1601),Othello(1604),KingLear(1605),andMacbeth(1605).
Thefourthperiodisaperiodofrestoredserenity,from1608to1612.Itisaperiodofcalmafterstorm,withsuchplaysasTheWinter’sTale91610)andTheTempest(1611).
Shakespearewasnotonlyagreatdramatist,butalsoagreatpoet.Apartfromhissonnetsandlongpoems,hisdramasarepoetry.Theyarerichinimages,conceit,metaphorsandsymbols.Hewaswellversedinwritinglyricalverseaswellaspoetryofgreatpassionandagony.Hisstylevarieswiththedifferentmoodsheexpressed.Itcanbelyrical,poetical,ecstatic,pathetic,cynical,sarcastic,andironic.
1.2Abriefintroductionofthefourtragedies
ThefourTragediesofShakespeareincludingHamlet,Othello,KingLear,Macbeth,whicharethemostfamousworksofShakespeareantragedies.AndthefourstoriesarelegendsfromthehistoryofEurope.
1.2.1ContentsofHamlet
HamlettellusastoryaboutHamlet,princeofDenmark,whenhehomefunerals,theghostofhisfathersaidthathewasnotdiedofnormalreason,andurgedHamlettorevengeforhim.Howeverbeforeanyaction,Hamletpretendedthathewascrazy,andarranged‘playintheplay’,inordertoconfirmthatthenewkingkilledtheold.Afterkilledtheministerbymistake,Hamletwassentabroad.Asheknewthenewking’sthoughtinadvance,hehalf-wayturnedback.Thenthenewkingpreparedexoticwineandarrow,provokingaduelbetweenHamletandthesonoftheminister,andplanedtokillHamlet.Intheend,thethreeofthemdiedtogether,andHamlet’smotheralsodiedaccidentallybecausetheVenom.
1.2.2ContentsofOthello
OthellotoldusastoryaboutthegeneralofVenice,Othello,whoisalsoaMoral;
hefellinlovewiththeoldgeneral’sdaughterDesdemona.HowevertheyhadtofightagainstthedisagreementofDesdemona’sfamilybeforetheybecametobehusbandandwife.Thentheywenttothewarplacetogether.However,justbecausepersonalemotiontoOthello,Iago,asoldierunderOthellotoldalieandsaidthatDesdemonahashadrelationshipwithothersoldierandwasnothonest.Othellobelievedthelieandkilledhiswife.Intheend,theliewasbroke,andOthellowassoregretthathekilledhimself.
1.2.3ContentsofMacbeth
MacbethisastoryofMacbeth,thegeneralofScotland.Hewasinspiredbythewitchandkilledthekingundertheinspirationandhiswife’swords.Thenhealwaysdreambaddreamswithanabnormalemotion,andsowashiswife.Atlast,hiswifekilledherselfinacrazymood.AndfinallytheprinceofScotlandcalledawartofightwithMacbeth,Macbethfailedanddied.
1.2.4ContentsofKingLear
KingLearisastoryofLear,thekingofBritain.Atfirst,hedividedthewholecountyintothreeparts,thinkingofanaverageinhibition.Thetruthwasthathegaveallhispropertytotwoofhiselderdaughters,justbecausehewascheatedbythebeautifulwordsofthetwo.Astothesmalldaughter,shehadtoleavehercountyandmarriedwiththeprinceofFrancefarawayjustbecauseshewashonestandloyal.Insteadofahappylife,KingLearexperiencedaverytoughtimeanddiedofemotionalandphysicalpanic.
2Thesimilaritiesofthe4maleprotagonists
2.1Similarfamilybackground
NomatteritisHamlet,Macbeth,KingLear,orOthello,theyareallbornintofamilieswithprivilegeandpower.
2.1.1Hamlet’sfamilybackground
HamletistheprinceofDenmark,andthenewking,hisunclesaid:
“weprayyou…thinkofus
Asofafather:
forlettheworldtakenote,
Youarethemostimmediatetoourthrone;
Andwithnolessnobilityoflove
Thanthatwhichdearestfatherbearshisson,
DoIimparttowardyou.
……
Andwebeseechyou,bendyoutoremain
Here,inthecheerandcomfortofoureye,
Ourchiefestcourtier,cousin,andourson.”(Hamlet,actonescenetwo,1999)
AlthoughHamlet’sfatherhasdied,andthenewkingishisuncle,hestillhasallthethingsheshouldhaveasaprince.Hispositionhasneverchanged;
heevenhasmorelovehecanreceivefromhisunclethanfromhisfather.Heisthemostimmediatetobeaking;
hehasnolessnobility,thestateofbeingnoble;
heisthechiefestcourtier,cousin,andson.Hecanhasthesamepos
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- 关 键 词:
- 英语论文 莎士比亚 悲剧 故事 男主角 分析
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