Ajerccna英语六级真题Word文档下载推荐.docx
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Ajerccna英语六级真题Word文档下载推荐.docx
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六、多项选择题每题只能选一个答案;
如多选,则该题无分。
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[A][B][C][D],使用其它符号答题者不给分。
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全国大学英语四、六级考试委员会
PartIWriting(30minutes)
注意:
此部分试题在答题卡1上。
Directions:
Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonthetopicof
DueAttentionShouldBeGiventotheStudyofChinese.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow:
1.近年来在学生中出现了忽视中文学习的现象;
2.出现这种现象的原因和后果;
3.我认为…
DueAttentionShouldBeGiventotheStudyofChinese
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)
Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.
Obama'
ssuccessisn'
tallgoodnewsforblackAmericans
AsErinWhitewatchedtheelectionresultsheadtowardsvictoryforBarackObama,shefeltaburdenliftingfromhershoulders."
Inthatonesecond,itwasavalidationformywholerace,"
sherecalls.
"
I'
vealwaysbeenanachiever,"
saysWhite,whoisstudyingforanMBAatVanderbiltUniversityinNashville,Tennessee."
ButtherehadalwaysbeenthesethingsinthebackofmymindquestioningwhetherIreallycanbewhoIwant.Itwaslikeashadow,followingmearoundsayingyoucanonlygosofar.Nowit'
slikeabarrierhasbeenletdown."
White'
sexperienceiswhatmanypsychologistshadexpected-thatObamawouldprovetobeapowerfulrolemodelforAfricanAmericans.SomehopedhisrisetoprominencewouldhaveabigimpactonwhiteAmericans,too,challengingthosewhostillharbourracistsentiments."
Thetraitsthatcharacterisehimareverycontradictorytotheracialstereotypesthatblackpeopleareaggressiveanduneducated,"
saysAshbyPlantofFloridaStateUniversity."
He'
sveryintelligentandeloquent."
Stinginthetail
AshbyPlantisoneofanumberofpsychologistswhoseizedonObama'
scandidacytotesthypothesesaboutthepowerofrolemodels.Theirworkisalreadystartingtorevealhowthe"
Obamaeffect"
ischangingpeople'
sviewsandbehaviour.Perhapssurprisingly,itisnotallgoodnews:
thereisastinginthetailoftheObamaeffect.
Butfirstthegoodnews.BarackObamareallyisapositiverolemodelforAfricanAmericans,andhewasmakinganimpactevenbeforehegottotheWhiteHouse.Indeed,theObamaeffectcanbesurprisinglyimmediateandpowerful,asRayFriedmanofVanderbiltUniversityandhiscolleaguesdiscovered.
TheytestedfourseparategroupsatfourkeystagesofObama'
spresidentialcampaign.Eachgroupconsistedofaround120adultsofsimilarageandeducation,andthetestassessedtheirlanguageskills.Attwoofthesestages,whenObama'
ssuccesswaslessthancertain,thetestsshowedacleardifferencebetweenthescoresofthewhiteandblackparticipants—anaverageof12.1outof20,comparedto8.8,forexample.WhentheObamafeverwasatitsheight,however,theblackparticipantsperformedmuchbetter.ThosewhohadwatchedObama'
sacceptancespeechastheDemocrats'
presidentialcandidateperformedjustaswell,onaverage,asthewhitesubjects.Afterhiselectionvictory,thiswastrueofalltheblackparticipants.
Dramaticshift
Whatcanexplainthisdramaticshift?
Atthestartofthetest,theparticipantshadtodeclaretheirraceandweretoldtheirresultswouldbeusedtoassesstheirstrengthsandweaknesses.Thisshouldhaveprimedthesubjectswith"
stereotypethreat"
–ananxietythattheirresultswillconfirmnegativestereotypes,whichhasbeenshowntodamagetheperformanceofAfricanAmericans.
Obama'
ssuccessesseemedtoactasashieldagainstthis."
Wesuspecttheyfeltinspiredandenergisedbyhisvictory,sothestereotypethreatwouldn'
tproveadistraction,"
saysFriedman.
Lingeringracism
IftheObamaeffectispositiveforAfricanAmericans,howisitaffectingtheirwhitecompatriots(同胞)?
Istheexperienceofhavingacharismatic(有魅力的)blackpresidentmodifyinglingeringracistattitudes?
Thereisnoeasywaytomeasureracismdirectly;
insteadpsychologistsassesswhatisknownas"
implicitbias"
usingacomputer-basedtestthatmeasureshowquicklypeopleassociatepositiveandnegativewords—suchas"
love"
or"
evil"
—withphotosofblackorwhitefaces.Asimilartestcanalsomeasurehowquicklysubjectsassociatestereotypicaltraits—suchasathleticskillsormentalability—withaparticulargroup.
InastudythatwillappearintheJournalofExperimentalSocialPsychology,Plant'
steamtested229studentsduringtheheightoftheObamafever.Theyfoundthatimplicitbiashasfallenbyasmuchas90%comparedwiththelevelfoundinasimilarstudyin2006."
That'
sanunusuallylargedrop,"
Plantsays.
Whiletheteamcan'
tbesuretheirresultsareduesolelytoObama,theyalsoshowedthatthosewiththelowestbiaswerelikelytosubconsciouslyassociateblackskincolourwithpoliticalwordssuchas"
government"
president"
.ThissuggeststhatObamawasstronglyontheirmind,saysPlant.
Dropinbias
BrianNosekoftheUniversityofVirginiainCharlottesville,whorunsawebsitethatmeasuresimplicitbiasusingsimilartest,hasalsoobservedasmalldropinbiasinthe700,000visitorstothesitesinceJanuary2007,whichmightbeexplainedbyObama'
srisetopopularity.However,hispreliminaryresultssuggestthatchangewillbemuchslowercomingthanPlant'
sresultssuggest.
Talkinghonestly
PeoplenowhavetheopportunityofexpressingsupportforObamaeveryday,"
saysDanielEffronatStanfordUniversityinCalifornia."
OurresearcharousestheconcernthatpeoplemaynowbemorelikelytoraisenegativeviewsofAfricanAmericans."
Ontheotherhand,hesays,itmayjustencouragepeopletotalkmorehonestlyabouttheirfeelingsregardingraceissues,whichmaynotbesuchabadthing.
Anotherpartofthestudysuggestsfarmoreisatstakethanthemereexpressionofviews.TheObamaeffectmayhaveanegativeside.JustoneweekafterObamawaselectedpresident,participantswerelessreadytosupportpoliciesdesignedtoaddressracialinequalitythantheyhadbeentwoweeksbeforetheelection.Hugeobstacles
Itcould,ofcourse,alsobethatObama'
ssuccesshelpspeopletoforgetthatadisproportionatenumberofblackAmericansstillliveinpovertyandfacehugeobstacleswhentryingtoovercomethesecircumstances."
BarackObama'
sfamilyissuchasalient(出色的)image,wegeneraliseitandfailtoseethelargerpicture—thatthere'
sinjusticeineveryaspectofAmericanlife,"
saysCherylKaiseroftheUniversityofWashingtoninSeattle.ThosetryingtoaddressissuesofracialinequalityneedtoconstantlyremindpeopleoftheinequalitiesthatstillexisttocounteracttheObama'
seffect,shesays.
ThoughPlant'
sfindingsweremorepositive,shetoowarnsagainstthinkingthatracismandracialinequalitiesarenolongeraproblem."
ThelastthingIwantisforpeopletothinkeverything'
ssolved."
ThesefindingsdonotonlyapplytoObama,orevenjusttorace.Theyshouldholdforanyrolemodelinanycountry."
There'
snoreasonwewouldn'
thaveseenthesameeffectonourviewsofwomenifHillaryClintonorSarahPalinhadbeenelected,"
saysEffron.Sotheelectionofafemaleleadermighthaveadownsideforotherwomen.
Beyondrace
Wealsodon'
tyetknowhowlongtheObamaeffect—bothitsgoodsideanditsbad—willlast.Politicalsentimentisnotoriouslychangeable:
WhatifthingsbegintogowrongforObama,andhispopularityslumps?
AndwhatifAmericansbecomesofamiliarwithhavingObamaastheirpresidentthattheystopconsideringhisracealtogether?
Overtimehemightbecomehisownentity,"
saysPlant.Thismightseemliketheultimatedefeatforracism,butignoringtheraceofcertainselectindividuals—aphenomenonthatpsychologistscallsubtyping—alsohasaninsidious(隐伏的)side."
Wethinkithappenstohelppeoplepreservetheirbeliefs,sotheycanstillholdontothepreviousstereotypes."
ThatcouldturnouttobethecruellestofallthetwiststotheObamaeffect.
此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
1.HowdidErinWhitefeeluponseeingBarackObama'
svictoryintheelection?
A)Excited.
B)Victorious.
C)Anxious.
D)Reliev
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