初中定语从句详解及练习附答案 2Word下载.docx
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初中定语从句详解及练习附答案 2Word下载.docx
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4.whom指人,在从句中作宾语。
Thatistheprofessorwhomyouwanttoknow.
5.whose指人,物,在从句中作定语,相当于先行词+’s,后接一名词。
Iknowtheboywhoseparentsaredead.
Idon’tlikethosecitieswhoseroadsaredirty.
注:
关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略。
(四).关系副词
关系副词在从句中作状语,有时相当于介词+which,其中which指代先行词不可以指示整个句子。
1.when指时间,在从句中作时间状语,相当于at/on/in/duringwhich.
I’llneverforgetthedaywhen(onwhich)IreachedthetopoftheHuangshanMountain.
2.where指地点,在从句中作地点状语,相当于at/in/to/which.
Thisistheschoolwhere(atwhich)Istudied.
3.why指原因,在从句中作原因状语,相当于forwhich.
That’stherealreasonwhy(forwhich)hewaslate.
第二部分:
关系代词的特殊用法
(一)关系代词指物时,用that而不用which的情况:
1.先行词为something,anything,nothing,everything以及all,much,little,alot,
none,few等不定代词时。
E.g.:
MymotherwassoproudofallthatIdidn’t.
2.先行词有thelast,thevery,theonly以及all,much,few,no,any,little等修饰时。
e.g.ThisistheverybookthatI’mlookingfor.
3.先行词为序数词、形容词最高级(或所修饰)时。
e.g.ThisisthemostexcitingfilmthatI’veeverseen.
WhenpeopletalkaboutHangzhou,thefirstthatcomestotheirmindistheWestLake.
4.thesame修饰先行词时,定语从句要用that或as引导,但意义不同。
e.g.ThisisthesamewatchasIlostlastSunday.(表示相同但并非同一)
ThisisthesameknifethatIusedyesterday.(表示就是那个)
6.Therebe后面的定语从句多用that引导,不用which。
e.g.There’saseatinthecornerthatisstillfree.
7.句子前面出现了who,which时,后面的定语从句用that引导。
e.g.Theybuiltafactorywhichmadesomenewproductsthathadneverbeenseenbefore.
Whoisthemanthatyouweretalkingaboutjustnow?
8.关系代词在定语从句作表语时,常用that,而不用which、who。
e.g.Myhometownisnotthesmallvillagethatitwas10yearsago.
Tomisn’tthemanthatheusedtobe
9.先行词既有人又有物时,只能用that。
e.g.DoyourememberthebookanditsauthorthatappearedonTVlastSunday?
(二)关系代词指人时,有时只用who,而不用that。
1.先行词为指人的代词one,those,theman,以及人称代词如he等。
e.g.Thosewhoareoftenlateforschoolshouldbepunished.
Hewhodoesn’treachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.
2.先行词为someone(somebody),noone(nobody),anyone(anybody),everyone(everybody)。
e.g.Anyonewhowouldliketoattendthepartyshouldcomeontime.
3.先行词指人时,如有序数词,最高级,thevery,theonly,thelast等修饰,定语
从句既可用that也可用who引导。
e.g.Heisthefirststudentwho/thatworkedouttheproblem.
(三)关系代词whose的用法:
1.whose在从句中作定语,表示“先行词的…”,既可指人,也可指物。
e.g.Johnismybestfriend,whosefatherisascientist.
Theoldmanlivedinthehousewhosewindowwasbroken.
Theboss,inwhosecompanymyfatherworked,wasveryfriendlytotheworkers.
2.whose可以转换为ofwhich(物)和ofwhom(人)。
e.g.1)thedictionarywhosecoverismissingismine.
(划线部分可改为thecoverofwhich或ofwhichthecover)
2)TheyalsoinvitedMr.Wang,whosecarwasstolenlastSunday.
(划线部分可改为thecarofwhom或ofwhomthecar)
(四)which的特殊用法:
1.关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句,有时不是修饰某个先行词,而是指代主句的全部或部分内容。
特别注意,非限定定语从句中prep+which时,which只能指代先行词,不可以指代句子。
e.g.1)InChina,yousometimesgetahotdampclothtocleanyourfaceandhands,which,however,isnotthecustominwesterncountries.
2)Helenoftencamelate,whichmadetheclassteacherangry.
2.which有时可在定语从句中作定语,含义上相当于指示代词this/that。
e.g.1)HestayedinEnglandfor5years,duringwhichtimehelearnedEnglishwell.
2)Itmayrainhardtomorrow,inwhichcaseIwon’tgofishing.
注意:
which的这种用法与whose作定语不同。
whose表示“先行词的…”。
e.g.They’retalkingaboutafilm,whosenameIhaveforgotten.
3.以介词结尾的动词不定式作定语时,可借关系代词which把介词前置。
e.g.1)TomorrowwouldbeChristmasDay,andshehadonly$1.87withwhichtobuyJimapresent.
2)Thosepoorpeoplehadnohousestolivein/inwhichtolive.
注:
如果先行词指人,关系代词用whom。
e.g.IwanttofindapersontotraveltoEnglandwith/withwhomtotraveltoEngland.
(五)关系代词as的用法:
1.引导限制性定语从句:
当先行词有such,so,thesame等修饰时,关系代词要用as;
as在从句中可作主语,宾语和表语。
e.g.1).Ihaveneverseensuchakindgirlassheis.
2).Heissuchagoodteacher(sogoodateacher)aseverystudentrespects.
比较:
Heissuchagoodteacher(sogoodateacher)thateverystudentrespectshim.
(此句为such/so…that引导的结果状语从句)
3).Suchastudentasoftenstudieshardissuretopassthisexam.
4).HeboughtthesamebikeasIdidlastweek.
区别thatIdidlastweek
2.引导非限制性定语从句:
as不修饰某个先行词,而是指代主句的全部或部分内容,可译为“这一点,此事;
正如”,或不译。
这种从句可位于句首、句中或句尾。
常见于
asweallknow,ashasbeensaidabove,asisusual,asisoftenthecase,
aseverybodycansee,asisknowntousall等结构。
e.g.1).Hehaspassedtheexam,asisapleasuretous.
2).Asweallknow,theearthmovesaroundthesun.
3).Thisexperiment,asyouhadexpected,succeededatlast.
3.如前所述,which也可引导这种从句,两者常可互换。
(非限定性定语从句谓语句末且指代前面的主句)
e.g.1).Thosetwostudentsarewearingthesameclothes,which/asisveryinteresting.
2).Theycametothepartyontime,as/whichhadbeenexpected.
但在以下两种情况下有区别:
1).as从句可位于句首(或主句前),而which从句只能在主句后。
e.g.____isoftenthecase,wehaveworkedouttheproductionplan.
A.WhichB.WhenC.WhatD.As
2).关系代词作主语时,如果从句的谓语是及物动词+宾语的结构,则只能用which。
e.g.Hisfatherdiedinatrafficaccident,whichmadeusgreatlysurprised.
3)当which在从句中指代的事先行词而不是主句,只能用which
e.g.Thecar,whichwesawontheplayground,isMike’s.
第四部分:
关系副词的特殊用法
(一)关系副词when,where,why的用法:
1.关系代词(which/that)与关系副词(when,where,why)的选取方法:
A)当先行词是定语从句中的主语或宾语时,选用关系代词。
关系代词指代先行词,并代替先行词在从句中作主语或宾语。
B)如果先行词不是定语从句中的主语或宾语,先行词前面需要加上一个介词才能在从句中作成分的时候,选用关系副词。
关系副词在从句中作状语,常可转换为“介词+which”。
e.g.1)Doyourememberthedaywhich/thatwespentinthemountainvillage?
Doyourememberthedaywhen(=onwhich)wevisitedthemountainvillage?
2)Thisisthefactorywhich/thatwevisitedlastyear.
Thisisthefactorywhere(=inwhich)heworkedlastyear.
3)Wedon’tbelievethereasonwhich/thathegaveforhiscominglate.
Wedon’tknowthereasonwhy(=forwhich)hehaschangedhismind.
2.关系副词where的从句还可以修饰point,situation,case,activity,scene,stage等地点意味不明显的先行词。
关系副词when的从句可以修饰occasion,stay等时间意味不明显的先行词。
关系副词why只修饰reason这一个先行词。
e.g.1)Nowyoucanseewe’vecometothepointwhereachangeisbadlyneeded.
2)Todaywe’lldiscusssomecaseswherebeginnersofEnglishfailtouseitproperly.
3)Therearefewoccasionswhenmystudentscan’tunderstandwhatIteachinclass.
3.when和where在少数情况下可作介词宾语。
e.g.1).Thenaughtyboywashiddenbehindthedoor,fromwherehesawhismother
walkingintothehouse.
(where指代behindthedoor。
不能换为which,因为which只能指代thedoor)
2).TheywenttoAmericanthreeyearsago,sincewhentheyhavelivedthere.
(when指代threeyearsago。
不能换为which,因为which只能指代threeyears=andsincethen)
(二)that在有些句型中可视为关系副词:
1.way后面的定语从句常用that或inwhich引导,但可省略。
e.g.Idon’tliketheway(that/inwhich)youspeaktoyourparents.
Theway(inwhich/that)heworkedontheproblemwaswrong.
如果way在从句中作主语或宾语,应该用关系代词which/that。
e.g.Heexplainedtheprobleminawaythat/whicheveryonecouldaccept.
2.Itis(about,high)timethat…(正)是……的时候了。
that从句中常用一般过去时,that在口语中可省略。
e.g.Itwashightimethatwestoppedpollution.
Itistimethatyouhadlunchnow.
Therewasatimewhen(duringwhich)wewereshortofoil.
3.Thisisthefirst(second,…last)timethat…(从句中常用完成时态)
e.g.Thisis/willbethelasttimethatIhavecometoChina.
ItwasthefirsttimethathehadbeeninvitedtoChina.
第五部分:
定语从句有关要注意的问题
(一)关系代词作主语时,要注意从句中谓语动词的单复数。
1.先行词只有oneof修饰时,从句谓语用复数。
e.g.HeisoneofthestudentsinourclasswhohavebeentoHainan.
Thisisoneofthebestbooksthatwerewrittenbythewriter.
2.oneof前有the,theonly,thevery,thefirst时,从句谓语用单数。
e.g.Tomistheonly/veryoneoftheboyswhoknowsthetruth.
(二)定语从句的隔离现象:
1.定语从句和先行词之间有时会被状语,定语或者其他成分隔开,要注意找准先行词。
e.g.ThefilmbroughtthehoursbacktomewhenIwastakengoodcareofinthatvillage.
Istherearestaurantaroundwherewecanhavelunch?
(aroundadv.在周围)
Thedaysaregonewhenweusedforeignoil.(主句谓语较短,隔开先行词与定语从句)
2.定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的后面有时会出现插入语。
e.g.1)HeisthemanwhoIthinkisfitforthejob.
2)---Isthatthesmalltownyouoftenreferto?
---Right,justtheone______youknowIusedtoworkforyears.
A.thatB.whichC.whereD.what
(三)定语从句中有时会使用倒装语序:
e.g.Threedayslater,wefoundanoldhouse,infrontofwhichstoodabigtree.
Finallytheyclimbedupthemountain,abovewhichappearedabeautifulrainbow.
(四)注意区别定语从句和其他从句:
1.区别where引导的定语从句和地点状语从句。
(最明显的区别是定语从句一定有先行词)
e.g.Afterthewar,anewschoolwasputupwheretherehadoncebeenatheatre.(状语从句)
Anewschoolwasputupattheplacewheretherehadoncebeenatheatre.(定语从句)
2.区别“介词+which”的定语从句和“介词+what”的宾语从句。
e.g.1)Thisisthecompanyinwhichheworkedthreeyearsago.(which引导定语从句)
2)Amoderncityhasbeensetupin____wasawastelandtenyearsago.(what宾语从句)
A.whatB.whichC.thatD.where
3.区别that的定语从句和同位语从句。
e.g.Thenewsthathewonthematchmadeusexcited.(同位语从句)
Thenews(that)h
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