考研英语一真题答案及详解文档格式.docx
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考研英语一真题答案及详解文档格式.docx
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Thatkindofactivitymakesitlesslikelythatthecourt’sdecisionswillbe_4_
asimpartialjudgments.
Partoftheproblemisthatthejusticesarenot_5_byanethicscode.
Attheveryleast,thecourtshouldmakeitself_6_tothecodeofconductthat_7_totherestofthefederaljudiciary.
Thisandothersimilarcases_8_thequestionofwhetherthereisstilla_9_betweenthecourtandpolitics.
TheframersoftheConstitutionenvisionedlaw_10_havingauthorityapartfrompolitics.
Theygavejusticespermanentpositions_11_theywouldbefreeto_12_
thoseinpowerandhavenoneedto_13_
politicalsupport.
Ourlegalsystemwasdesignedtosetlawapartfrompoliticspreciselybecausetheyaresoclosely_14_.
Constitutionallawispoliticalbecauseitresultsfromchoicesrootedinfundamentalsocial_15_
likelibertyandproperty.
Whenthecourtdealswithsocialpolicydecisions,thelawit_16_
isinescapablypolitical-whichiswhydecisionssplitalongideologicallinesaresoeasily_17_
asunjust.
Thejusticesmust_18_
doubtsaboutthecourt’slegitimacybymakingthemselves_19_
tothecodeofconduct.
Thatwouldmakerulingsmorelikelytobeseenasseparatefrompoliticsand,_20_,convincingaslaw.
1.
[A]emphasize[B]maintain[C]modify[D]recognize2.
[A]when[B]lest[C]before[D]unless3.
[A]restored[B]weakened[C]established[D]eliminated4.
[A]challenged[B]promised[C]suspected[D]accepted5.
[A]advanced[B]caught[C]bound[D]founded6.
[A]resistant[B]subject[C]immune[D]prone7.
[A]resorts[B]sticks[C]loads[D]lies8.
[A]evade[B]raise[C]deny[D]settle9.
[A]line[B]barrier[C]similarity[D]conflict10.
[A]by[B]as[C]though[D]towards11.
[A]so[B]since[C]provided[D]though12.
[A]serve[B]satisfy[C]upset[D]replace13.
[A]confirm[B]e_press[C]cultivate[D]offer14.
[A]guarded[B]followed[C]studied[D]tied15.
[A]concepts[B]theories[C]divisions[D]conceptions16.
[A]e_cludes[B]questions[C]shapes[D]controls17.
[A]dismissed[B]released[C]ranked[D]distorted18.
[A]suppress[B]e_ploit[C]address[D]ignore19.
[A]accessible[B]amiable[C]agreeable[D]accountable20.
[A]byallmesns[B]atallcosts[C]inaword[D]asaresultSectionIIReadingprehensionPartADirections:
Readthefollogfourte_ts.
Answerthequestionsbeloweachte_tbychoosingA,B,CorD.
MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.
(40points)Te_t1eon–Everybody’sdoingit.
Thatwhisperedmessage,halfinvitationandhalfforcing,iswhatmostofusthinkofwhenwehearthewordspeerpressure.
Itusuallyleadstonogood-drinking,drugsandcasualse_.
ButinhernewbookJointheClub,TinaRosenbergcontendsthatpeerpressurecanalsobeapositiveforcethroughwhatshecallsthesocialcure,inwhichorganizationsandofficialsusethepowerofgroupdynamicstohelpindividualsimprovetheirlivesandpossiblytheword.
Rosenberg,therecipientofaPulitzerPrize,offersahostofe_leofthesocialcureinaction:
InSouthCarolina,astate-sponsoredantismokingprogramcalledRageAgainsttheHazesetsouttomakecigarettesuncool.
InSouthAfrica,anHIV-preventioninitiativeknownasLoveLiferecruitsyoungpeopletopromotesafese_amongtheirpeers.
Theideaseemspromising,andRosenbergisaperceptiveobserver.
Hercritiqueofthelamenessofmanypubic-healthcaignsisspot-on:
theyfailtomobilizepeerpressureforhealthyhabits,andtheydemonstrateaseriouslyflawedunderstandingofpsychology.”Daretobedifferent,pleasedon’tsmoke!
”pleadsonebillboardcaignaimedatreducingsmokingamongteenagers-teenagers,whodesirenothingmorethanfittingin.
Rosenbergarguesconvincinglythatpublic-healthadvocatesoughttotakeapagefromadvertisers,soskilledatlyingpeerpressure.
Butonthegeneraleffectivenessofthesocialcure,Rosenbergislesspersuasive.
JointheClubisfilledwithtoomuchirrelevantdetailandnotenoughe_plorationofthesocialandbiologicalfactorsthatmakepeerpressuresopowerful.
Themostglaringflawofthesocialcureasit’spresentedhereisthatitdoesn’tworkverywellforverylong.
RageAgainsttheHazefailedoncestatefundingwascut.
EvidencethattheLoveLifeprogramproduceslastingchangesislimitedandmi_ed.
There’snodoubtthatourpeergroupse_ertenormousinfluenceonourbehavior.
Anemergingbodyofresearchshowsthatpositivehealthhabits-aswellasnegativeones-spreadthroughworksoffriendsviasocialmunication.
Thisisasubtleformofpeerpressure:
weunconsciouslyimitatethebehaviorweseeeveryday.
Farlesscertain,however,ishowsuccessfullye_pertsandbureaucratscanselectourpeergroupsandsteertheiractivitiesinvirtuousdirections.
It’sliketheteacherwhobreaksupthetroublemakersinthebackrowbypairingthemwithbetter-behavedclassmates.
Thetacticneverreallyworks.
Andthat’stheproblemwithasocialcureengineeredfromtheoutside:
intherealworld,asinschool,weinsistonchoosingourownfriends.
21.
Accordingtothefirstparagraph,peerpressureoftenemergesas[A]asupplementtothesocialcure[B]astimulustogroupdynamics[C]anobstacletoschoolprogress[D]acauseofundesirablebehaviors22.
Rosenbergholdsthatpublicadvocatesshould[A]recruitprofessionaladvertisers[B]learnfromadvertisers’e_perience[C]stayawayfrommercialadvertisers[D]recognizethelimitationsofadvertisements23.
Intheauthor’sview,Rosenberg’sbookfailsto[A]adequatelyprobesocialandbiologicalfactors[B]effectivelyevadetheflawsofthesocialcure[C]illustratethefunctionsofstatefunding[D]producealong-lastingsocialeffect24.
Paragraph5showsthatourimitationofbehaviors[A]isharmfultoourworksoffriends[B]willmisleadbehavioralstudies[C]occurswithoutourrealizingit[D]canproducenegativehealthhabits25.
Theauthorsuggestsinthelastparagraphthattheeffectofpeerpressureis[A]harmful[B]desirable[C]profound[D]questionableTe_t2Adealisadeal-e_cept,arently,whenEntergyisinvolved.
Thepany,amajorenergysupplierinNewEngland,provokedjustifiedoutrageinVermontlastweekwhenitannounceditwasrenegingonalongstandingmitmenttoabidebythestrictnuclearregulations.
Instead,thepanyhasdonepreciselywhatithadlongpromiseditwouldnotchallengetheconstitutionalityofVermont’srulesinthefederalcourt,aspartofadesperateefforttokeepitsVermontYankeenuclearpowerplantrunning.
It’sastunningmove.
Theconflicthasbeensurfacingsince20__2,whenthecorporationboughtVermont’sonlynuclearpowerplant,anagingreactorinVernon.
Asaconditionofreceivingstaterovalforthesale,thepanyagreedtoseekpermissionfromstateregulatorstooperatepast20__.
In20__6,thestatewentastepfurther,requiringthatanye_tensionoftheplant’slicensebesubjecttoVermontlegislature’sroval.
Then,too,thepanywentalong.
EitherEntergyneverreallyintendedtolivebythosemitments,oritsimplydidn’tforeseewhatwouldhenne_t.
Astringofaccidents,includingthepartialcollapseofacoolingtowerin207andthediscoveryofanundergroundpipesystemleakage,raisedseriousquestionsaboutbothVermontYankee’ssafetyandEntergy’smanagement–especiallyafterthepanymademisleadingstatementsaboutthepipe.
EnragedbyEntergy’sbehavior,theVermontSenatevoted26to4lastyearagainstallogane_tension.
Nowthepanyissuddenlyclaimingthatthe20__2agreementisinvalidbecauseofthe20__6legislation,andthatonlythefederalgovernmenthasregulatorypowerovernuclearissues.
Thelegalissuesinthecaseareobscure:
whereastheSupremeCourthasruledthatstatesdohavesomeregulatoryauthorityovernuclearpower,legalscholarssaythatVermontcasewillofferaprecedent-settingtestofhowfarthosepowerse_tend.
Certainly,therearevalidconcernsaboutthepatchworkregulationsthatcouldresultifeverystatesetsitsownrules.
ButhadEntergykeptitsword,thatdebatewouldbebesidethepoint.
ThepanyseemstohaveconcludedthatitsreputationinVermontisalreadysodamagedthatithasnotinglefttolosebygoingtowarwiththestate.
Butthereshouldbeconsequences.
Permissiontorunanuclearplantisapoblictrust.
Entergyruns11otherreactorsintheUnitedStates,includingPilgrimNuclearstationinPlymouth.
PledgingtorunPilgrimsafely,thepanyhasliedforfederalpermissiontokeepitopenforanother20years.
ButastheNuclearRegulatorymission(NRC)reviewsthepany’slication,itshouldkeepitmindwhatpromisesfromEntergyareworth.
26.
Thephrase“renegingon”(Line3.para.1)isclosestinmeaningto[A]condemning.
[B]reaffirming.
[C]dishonoring.
[D]securing.
27.
Byenteringintothe20__2agreement,Entergyintendedto[A]obtainprotectionfromVermontregulators.
[B]seekfavorfromthefederallegislature.
[C]acquireane_tensionofitsbusinesslicense.
[D]getpermissiontopurchaseapowerplant.
28.
AccordingtoParagraph4,Entergyseemstohaveproblemswithits[A]managerialpractices.
[B]technicalinnovativeness.
[C]financialgoals.
[D]businessvision29.
Intheauthor’sview,
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