语言学题Word格式.docx
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语言学题Word格式.docx
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5.Whichofthefollowingpropertyoflanguageenableslanguageuserstoovercomethebarrierscausedbytimeandplace,duetothisfeatureoflanguage,speakersofalanguagearefreetotalkaboutanythinginanysituation?
A.TransferabilityB.DualityC.DisplacementD.Arbitrariness
6.Studythefollowingdialogue.Whatfunctiondoesitplayaccordingtothefunctionsoflanguage?
—Aniceday,isn’tit?
—Right!
Ireallyenjoythesunlight.
A.EmotiveB.Phatic寒暄C.PerformativeD.Interpersonal
7.__________referstotheactualrealizationoftheideallanguageuser’sknowledgeoftherulesofhislanguageinutterances.
A.PerformanceB.CompetenceC.LangueD.Parole
8.Whenadogisbarking,youassumeitisbarkingforsomethingoratsomeonethatexistshearandnow.Itcouldn’tbesorrowfulforsomelostloveorlostbone.Thisindicatesthedesignfeatureof__________.
A.culturaltransmissionB.productivityC.displacementD.duality
9.__________answerssuchquestionsashowweasinfantsacquireourfirstlanguage.
A.PsycholinguisticsB.Anthropologicallinguistics
C.SociolinguisticsD.Appliedlinguistics
10.__________dealswithlanguageapplicationtootherfields,particularlyeducation.
A.LinguistictheoryB.Practicallinguistics
C.AppliedlinguisticsD.Comparativelinguistics
II.Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.(10%)
11.Languageisameansofverbalcommunication.Therefore,thecommunicationwayusedbythedeaf-muteisnotlanguage.
12.Languagechangeisuniversal,ongoingandarbitrary.f
13.Speakingisthequickestandmostefficientwayofthehumancommunicationsystems.
14.Languageiswrittenbecausewritingistheprimarymediumforalllanguages.
15.Wewereallbornwiththeabilitytoacquirelanguage,whichmeansthedetailsofanylanguagesystemcanbegeneticallytransmitted.
16.Onlyhumanbeingsareabletocommunicate.
17.F.deSaussure,whomadethedistinctionbetweenlangueandparoleintheearly20thcentury,wasaFrenchlinguist.
18.AstudyofthefeaturesoftheEnglishusedinShakespeare’stimeisanexampleofthediachronicstudyoflanguage.
19.Speechandwritingcameintobeingatmuchthesametimeinhumanhistory.
20.Allthelanguagesintheworldtodayhavebothspokenandwrittenforms.
III.Fillintheblanks.(10%)
21.Language,broadlyspeaking,isameansof__________communication.
22.Inanylanguagewordscanbeusedinnewwaystomeannewthingsandcanbecombinedintoinnumerablesentencesbasedonlimitedrules.Thisfeatureisusuallytermed__________.
23.Languagehasmanyfunctions.Wecanuselanguagetotalkaboutitself.Thisfunctionis__________.
24.Theorythatprimitivemanmadeinvoluntaryvocalnoiseswhileperformingheavyworkhasbeencalledthe__________theory.
25.Linguisticsisthe__________studyoflanguage.
26.Modernlinguisticsis__________inthesensethatthelinguisttriestodiscoverwhatlanguageisratherthanlaydownsomerulesforpeopletoobserve.
27.Onegeneralprincipleoflinguisticanalysisistheprimacyof__________overwriting.
28.Thedescriptionofalanguageasitchangesthroughtimeisa__________study.
29.Saussureputforwardtwoimportantconcepts.__________referstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallmembersofaspeechcommunity.
30.LinguisticpotentialissimilartoSaussure’slangueandChomsky’s__________.
IV.Explainthefollowingterms,usingexamples.(20%)
31.Designfeature
32.Displacement
33.Competenceknowledgeofhislanguage
34.Synchroniclinguisticsatagivenpointintime
V.Answerthefollowingquestions.(20%)
35.Whydopeopletakedualityasoneoftheimportantdesignfeaturesofhumanlanguage?
Canyoutelluswhatlanguagewillbeifithasnosuchdesignfeature?
(南开大学,2004)
36.Whyisitdifficulttodefinelanguage?
(北京第二外国语大学,2004)
VI.Analyzethefollowingsituation.(20%)
37.Howcanalinguistmakehisanalysisscientific?
(青岛海洋大学,1999)
TestTwo:
PhoneticsandPhonology
1.Pitchvariationisknownas__________whenitspatternsareimposedonsentences.
A.intonationB.toneC.pronunciationD.voice
2.Conventionallya__________isputinslashes(//).
A.allophoneB.phoneC.phonemeD.morpheme
3.Anaspiratedp,anunaspiratedpandanunreleasedpare__________ofthepphoneme.
A.analoguesB.tagmemesC.morphemesD.allophones
4.Theopeningbetweenthevocalcordsissometimesreferredtoas__________.
A.glottisB.vocalcavityC.pharynxD.uvula
5.Thediphthongsthataremadewithamovementofthetonguetowardsthecenterareknownas__________diphthongs.
A.wideB.closingC.narrowD.centering
6.Aphonemeisagroupofsimilarsoundscalled__________.
A.minimalpairsB.allomorphsC.phonesD.allophones
7.Whichbranchofphoneticsconcernstheproductionofspeechsounds?
A.AcousticphoneticsB.Articulatoryphonetics
C.AuditoryphoneticsD.Noneoftheabove
8.Whichoneisdifferentfromtheothersaccordingtoplacesofarticulation?
A.[n]B.[m]C.[b]D.[p]
9.Whichvowelisdifferentfromtheothersaccordingtothecharacteristicsofvowels?
A.[i:
]B.[u]C.[e]D.[i]
10.Whatkindofsoundscanwemakewhenthevocalcordsarevibrating?
A.VoicelessB.VoicedC.GlottalstopD.Consonant
11.Suprasegmentalphonologyreferstothestudyofphonologicalpropertiesofunitslargerthanthesegment-phoneme,suchassyllable,wordandsentence.
12.Theairstreamprovidedbythelungshastoundergoanumberofmodificationtoacquirethequalityofaspeechsound.
13.Twosoundsareinfreevariationwhentheyoccurinthesameenvironmentanddonotcontrast,namely,thesubstitutionofonefortheotherdoesnotproduceadifferentword,butmerelyadifferentpronunciation.
14.[p]isavoicedbilabialstop.
15.Acousticphoneticsisconcernedwiththeperceptionofspeechsounds.
16.Allsyllablesmusthaveanucleusbutnotallsyllablescontainanonsetandacoda.
17.Whenpurevowelsormonophthongsarepronounced,novowelglidestakeplace.
18.Accordingtothelengthortensenessofthepronunciation,vowelscanbedividedintotensevs.laxorlongvs.short.
19.ReceivedPronunciationisthepronunciationacceptedbymostpeople.
20.Themaximalonsetprinciplestatesthatwhenthereisachoiceastowheretoplaceaconsonant,itisputintothecodaratherthantheonset.
III.Fillintheblanks.(20%)
21.Consonantsoundscanbeeither__________or__________,whileallvowelsoundsare__________.
22.Consonantsoundscanalsobemadewhentwoorgansofspeechinthemoutharebroughtclosetogethersothattheairispushedoutbetweenthem,causing__________.
23.Thequalitiesofvowelsdependuponthepositionofthe__________andthelips.
24.Oneelementinthedescriptionofvowelsisthepartofthetonguewhichisatthehighestpointinthemouth.Asecondelementisthe__________towhichthatpartofthetongueisraised.
25.Consonantsdifferfromvowelsinthatthelatterareproducedwithout__________.
26.Inphonologicalanalysisthewordsfail/veilaredistinguishablesimplybecauseofthetwophonemes/f/-/v/.Thisisanexampleforillustrating__________.
27.InEnglishthereareanumberof__________,whichareproducedbymovingfromonevowelpositiontoanotherthroughinterveningpositions.
28.__________referstothephenomenonofsoundscontinuallyshowtheinfluenceoftheirneighbors.
29.__phoneme________isthesmallestlinguisticunit.
30.Speechtakesplacewhentheorgansofspeechmovetoproducepatternsofsound.Thesemovementshaveaneffectonthe__________comingfromthelungs.
31.Soundassimilation
32.Suprasegmentalfeature
33.Complementarydistribution
34.Distinctivefeatures
35.Whatisacousticphonetics?
(中国人民大学,2003)
36.Whatarethedifferencesbetweenvoicedsoundsandvoicelesssoundsintermsofarticulation?
(南开大学,2004)
37.Writethesymbolthatcorrespondstoeachofthefollowingphoneticdescriptions;
thengiveanEnglishwordthatcontainsthissound.Example:
voicedalveolarstop[d]dog.(青岛海洋大学,1999)
(1)voicelessbilabialunaspiratedstop
(2)lowfrontvowel
(3)lateralliquid
(4)velarnasal
(5)voicedinterdentalfricative
TestThree:
Morphology
1.Nouns,verbsandadjectivescanbeclassifiedas__________.
A.lexicalwordsB.grammaticalwordsC.functionwordsD.formwords
2.Morphemesthatrepresenttense,number,genderandcasearecalled__________morpheme.
A.inflectionalB.freeC.boundD.derivational
3.Thereare__________morp
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