考研英语及解答Word文件下载.docx

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tbelieveitcanteachtheskillsofentrepreneurship.However,ofthepeoplewhoimmediately1tomindwhenonethinksofentrepreneurs——BillGates,RichardBransonorOprahWinfrey,forexample—fewhavedonemorethan2aspeechatabusinessschool.3,arecentstudybyKing'

sCollegeinLondonhassuggestedwhatmanyintuitively4:

thatentrepreneurshipmayactuallybeintheblood—moretodowithgenesthanclassroomexperience.Allofwhich5thequestion—doesanentrepreneurreallyneedabusiness-schooleducation?

　　Notsurprisinglysomeofthebest-knownschoolsinthefieldhavea6answertothis:

theydon'

tactuallyprofesstocreateentrepreneurs,7theynurtureinnateability.OrasTimothyFaleyoftheentrepreneurialinstituteatMichigan'

sRossSchoolofBusiness8it:

“Agoodideaisnotenough.Youneedtoknowhowto9agoodideaintoagoodbusiness.”

　　Schoolsdothisinanumberofways.Oneisto10thatfacultyareamixofclassicacademicsandbusinesspeoplewithexperienceof11theirownsuccessfulfirms.Theycanalsocreate“incubators”wherestudents12ideasandrubshouldersonaday-to-daybasiswiththeexternalbusinessworld,receivingbothadviceandhardcashintheformofinvestment.

　　Arguablysuchhelpisnowmoreimportantthanever.Themodernentrepreneurisfacedwithamore13worldthanwhenRichardBransonbeganbysellingrecordsoutofaphonebox.AccordingtoPatriceHoudayer,headofoneofEurope'

sbest-knownentrepreneurshipschools,EMIYONinFrance,newbusinessesusedtomovethrougha14seriesofgrowthsteps—whathetermsgarage,local,nationalandinternational.Nowhowever,15thecommunicationsrevolution,theycanleapfrogthesestagesandgoglobalmoreorlessstraightaway—encounteringawholenew16ofproblemsandchallenges.Inthis17ProfessorHoudayermaintainsthattheincreasingly18natureofMBAclassescanhelpthenascententrepreneurinthreeways:

bypluggingthemintoaninternationalnetworkofcontactsandadvisors,bypreparingthemforthepitfallsandopportunities19withdealingacrossdifferentculturesandby20themtothedifferentwaysthatbusinessisconductedaroundtheglobe.

　　1．［A］bring［B］call［C］spring［D］apply

　　2．［A］report［B］deliver［C］prepare［D］compose

　　3．［A］Indeed［B］Likewise［C］Therefore［D］Furthermore

　　4．［A］conclude［B］assume［C］neglect［D］suspect

　　5．［A］stirs［B］arouses［C］proves［D］invites

　　6．［A］ready［B］unique［C］positive［D］favorable

　　7．［A］yet［B］rather［C］nor［D］nevertheless

　　8．［A］states［B］makes［C］puts［D］interprets

　　9．［A］shift［B］transfer［C］modify［D］transform

　　10．［A］ensure［B］assure［C］affirm［D］enlighten

　　11．［A］carryingon［B］settingup［C］workingout［D］turningaround

　　12.［A］convey［B］cherish［C］nurture［D］impart

　　13．［A］complex［B］complicated［C］complementary［D］fantastic

　　14．［A］variable［B］obvious［C］imperative［D］distinct

　　15．［A］thanksto［B］butfor［C］forall［D］nextto

　　16.［A］bulk［B］host［C］set［D］magnitude

　　17.［A］position［B］context［C］perspective［D］dimension

　　18．［A］similar［B］differential［C］diverse［D］versatile

　　19.［A］interacted［B］combined［C］confronted［D］associated

　　20．［A］entitling［B］exposing［C］leading［D］committing

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.（40points）

Text1

What'

salabelworth?

Alot,itseems.MichaelHiscoxandNicholasSmyth,twoHarvardUniversityresearchers,conductedanexperimentontwosetsoftowelsinanupmarketNewYorkshop.Onelotcarriedalabelwiththelogo“FairandSquare”andthefollowingmessage:

Thesetowelshavebeenmadeunderfairlabourconditions,inasafeandhealthyworkingenvironmentwhichisfreeofdiscrimination,andwheremanagementhascommittedtorespectingtherightsanddignityofworkers.

　　Theothersethadnosuchlabel.Overfivemonths,theresearchersobservedtheimpactofmakingvariouschangessuchasswitchingthelabeltotheothersetoftowelsandraisingprices.Theresultswerestriking:

notonlydidsalesoftowelsincreasewhentheycarriedtheFairandSquarelabel,theycarriedonincreasingeachtimethepricewasraised.

　　Nowondercompaniesarekeentoappealtoethically（i.e.morally）mindedconsumers,whetheronlabourstandardsorgreencredentials.Timberland,aNewHampshireoutdoor-gearcompany,isintroducingdetailed"

GreenIndex”labelsonitsshoes.Tesco,M＆SandWal-Marthavealllaunchedinitiativesthatbetontheriseoftheethicalconsumer.

　　M＆Sestimatesthataboutthree-quartersofBritishconsumersareinterestedinthegreenthemeinsomeway.Buteventhekeenestethicalconsumerfacescomplicatedsituations,andsometimestheapparentlyobviousethicalchoiceturnsouttobethewrongone.SurelyitmustbegreenerforBritonstobuyrosesfromtheNetherlandsthanonesair-freightedfromKenya?

Infact,astudyshowedthatrelatedgreenhousegastotheDutchrosestobesixtimesaslargebecausetheyhadtobegrowninheatedgreenhouses.

　　JoelMakower,editorofGreenB,saysthat,givenachoice,mostconsumerswillchoosethegreenerproduct—provideditdoesnotcostanymore,comesfromatrustedmaker,requiresnospecialefforttobuyoruseandisatleastasgoodasthealternative.“That'

salmostanimpossiblebarrierforanyproduct,”henotes.

　　Soshopperswillstillflocktoshopssellingcheapproductsofdecentquality,ignoringhowthesearemade.Theywilloftenbuymoreifaproductisattractivelypresented,nevermindthatthepackagingmaybewasteful.Andwhencompaniestrytodotherightthing,consumerswillnotalwaysgoalongwiththem.

　　Thelessonforcompaniesisthatsellinggreenishardwork.Anditisnogoodgettingtoofaraheadofthecustomer.Halfastepaheadisaboutright.Muchmore,andyouwon'

tsell.Anyless,andyouwon'

tlead.

　　21．Theexperimentonthetowelsindicatedthat______.

　　［A］consumerslikedtopurchaselabeledproducts

　　［B］consumerswouldbuygoodswhenpricesrose

　　［C］consumptionwasinfluencedbygreenlabels

　　［D］ethicalconcernmayinfluenceconsumption

　　22．Accordingtothetext,consumers’ethicalchoice______.

　　［A］determinestheproductionofcommodities

　　［B］forcescompaniestosellgreenproductsonly

　　［C］leadscompaniestomodifybusinessactivities

　　［D］leadstohigherlabourandgreenstandards

　　23．Wemayinferfromthefourthparagraphthat______.

　　［A］greenbuyingmaybeathigherenvironmentcost

　　［B］greenproductionisactuallycomplicatedbusiness

　　［C］DutchrosegrowthisgreenerthanKenyaones

　　［D］Britishconsumersactuallyopposegreenfarming

　　24．AccordingtoJoelMakower,mostconsumerswill______.

　　［A］buygreenerproductswhengivenachoice

　　［B］rejectgreenerproductsforvariousreasons

　　［C］paymoreattentiontothepriceofaproduct

　　［D］refusetofollowtheactivitiesofcompanies

　　25．Companiesmaylearnthelessonthat______.

　　［A］itisnotworthwhileleadingthecustomers

　　［B］thecustomersarenoteasilytobemisled

　　［C］greenpolicyisnoteffectiveformarketing

　　［D］companiesneedabalancedgreenpolicy

Text2

Therearevariouswaysinwhichindividualeconomicunitscaninteractwithoneanother.Threebasicwaysmaybedescribedasthemarketsystem,theadministeredsystemandthetraditionalsystem.

　　Inamarketsystemindividualeconomicunitsarefreetointeractamongeachotherinthemarketplace.Itispossibletobuycommoditiesfromothereconomicunitsorsellcommoditiestothem.Inamarket,transactionsmaytakeplaceviabarterormoneyexchange.Inabartereconomy,realgoodssuchasautomobiles,shorts,andpizzasaretradedagainsteachother.Obviously,findingsomebodywhowantstotrademyoldcarinexchangeforasailboatmaynotalwaysbeaneasytask.Hencetheintroductionofmoneyasamediumofexchangeeasestransactionsconsiderably.Inthemodernmarketeconomy,goodsandservicesareboughtorsoldformoney.

　　Analternativetothemarketsystemisadministrativecontrolbysomeagencyoveralltransactions.Thisagencywillissueedictsorcommandsastohowmuchofeachgoodandserviceshouldbeproduced,exchanged,andconsumedbyeacheconomicunit.Centralplanningmaybeonewayofadministeringsuchaneconomy.Thecentralplan,drawnupbythegovernment,showstheamountsofeachcommodityproducedbythevariousfirmsandallocatedtodifferenthouseholdsforconsumption.Thisisanexampleofcompleteplanningofproductionconsumption,andexchangeforthewholeeconomy.

　　Inatraditionalsociety,productionandconsumptionpatternsaregovernedbytradition:

everyperson'

splacewithintheeconomicsystemisfixedbyparentage,religionandcustom.Transactionstakeplaceonthebasisoftradition,too.Peoplebelongingtoacertaingrouporcastemayhaveanobligationtocareforotherpersons,providethemwithfoodandshelter,carefortheirhealth,andprovidetheireducation.Clearly,inasystemwhereeverydecisionmadeonthebasisoftraditionalone,progressmaybedifficulttoachieve.Astagnantsocietymayresult.

　　26．Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?

　　［A］Tooutlinecontrastingtypesofeconomic.

　　［B］Toexplainthescienceofeconomics