108Modal VerbsWord格式.docx
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108Modal VerbsWord格式.docx
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Withasuddenburstofadrenaline,hewasabletoliftthecaroffthechild'
sleg.
Withasuddenburstofadrenaline,hewillbeabletoliftthecar.
1.Peoplecan'
tpickupcars.
Eventheweightlifter,couldn'
tliftthecaroffthechild'
Eventhreemenworkingtogetherwon'
tbeabletoliftthecar.
opportunity
1.Ihavesomefreetime.Icanhelphernow.
Ihadsomefreetimeyesterday.Iwasabletohelpheratthattime.
3.I'
llhavesomefreetimetomorrow.Icanhelpherthen.
1.Idon'
thaveanytime.Ican'
thelpher
now.
Ididn'
thavetimeyesterday.Iwasn'
tabletohelpheratthattime.
3.Iwon'
thaveanytimelater.Ican'
thelpherthen.
permission
1.IcandriveSusan'
scarwhensheisoutoftown.
BEALLOWED"
IwasallowedtodriveSusan'
scarwhileshewasoutoftownlastweek.
3.IcandriveSusan'
scarwhilesheisoutoftownnextweek.
tdriveSusan'
Iwasn'
tallowedtodriveSusan'
3.Ican'
may
request
CanIhaveaglassofwater?
Canyougivemealifttoschool?
(Requestsusuallyrefertothenearfuture.)
Can'
tIhaveaglassofwater?
tyougivemealifttoschool?
could
possibility/impossibility
Anyonecanbecomerichandfamousiftheyknowtherightpeople.
Learningalanguagecanbearealchallenge.
(Thisuseisusuallyageneralizationoransupposition.)
Itcan'
tcostmorethanadollarortwo.
Youcan'
tbe45!
Ithoughtyouwereabout18yearsold.
could
Could
possibility
1.Johncouldbetheonewhostolethemoney.
2.Johncouldhavebeentheonewhostolethemoney.
3.Johncouldbechargedwiththecrimewhenthepolicefinishtheinvestigation.
1.Marycouldn'
tbetheonewhostolethemoney.
2.Marycouldn'
thavebeentheonewhostolethemoney.
3.Marycouldn'
tpossiblybechargedwiththecrimeafterthepoliceexaminetheevidence.
might,
conditional
(can,could)
1.IfIhadmoretime,Icouldtravelaroundtheworld.
2.IfIhadhadmoretime,Icouldhavetraveledaroundtheworld.
3.IfIhadmoretimethiswinter,Icouldtravelaroundtheworld.
1.EvenifIhadmoretime,Icouldn'
ttravelaroundtheworld.
2.EvenifIhadhadmoretime,Icouldn'
thavetraveledaroundtheworld.
3.EvenifIhadmoretimethiswinter,Icouldtravelaroundtheworld.
suggestion
1.NOPRESENTFORM
2.YoucouldhavespentyourvacationinHawaii.
3.YoucouldspendyourvacationinHawaii.
NONEGATIVEFORMS
pastability
Icouldruntenmilesinmytwenties.
IcouldspeakChinesewhenIwasakid.
trunmorethanamileinmytwenties.
tspeakSwahili.
beableto
politerequest
CouldIhavesomethingtodrink?
CouldIborrowyourstapler?
Couldn'
thecomewithus?
tyouhelpmewiththisforjustasecond?
can,
may,
might
HadBetter
hadbetter
recommendation
1.SHIFTTO"
SHOULD"
OR"
OUGHTTO"
Peopleshouldunplugtoastersbeforetheycleanthem.
2.SHIFTTO"
Youshouldhaveunpluggedthetoasterbeforeyoutriedtocleanit.
3.Youhadbetterunplugthetoasterbeforeyoutrytocleanit.
Peopleshouldn'
tcleantoasterswithoutunpluggingthemfirst.
Youshouldn'
thavecleanedthetoasterwithoutunpluggingitfirst.
3.Youhadbetternotcleanthetoasteruntilyouunplugit.
should,
oughtto
desperatehope/
warning
Themoviehadbetterendsoon.
Theyhadbetterbeherebeforewestartdinner.
(Desperatehopesandwarningsusuallyrefertothenearfuture.)
Theyhadbetternotbelate.
TheyhadbetternotforgetTom'
sbirthdaygift.
"
Hadbetter"
isoftensimplypronouncedas"
better"
inspokenEnglish.
Haveto
Youcan
alsouse:
haveto
certainty
1.ThathastobeJerry.Theysaidhewastallwithbrightredhair.
2.Thathastohavebeentherightrestaurant.Therearenootherrestaurantsonthisstreet.
3.NONE
1.SHIFTSTO"
MUST"
ThatmustnothavebeenJerrywesaw.Hewassupposedtohaveredhair.
Thatmustnothavebeentherightrestaurant.Iguessthereisanotheronearoundheresomewhere.
must,
havegotto
necessity
1.Shehastoreadfourbooksforthisliteratureclass.
2.Shehadtofinishthefirstbookbeforethemidterm.
3.Shewillhavetofinishtheotherbooksbeforethefinalexam.
1.Shedoesn'
thavetoread"
GrapesofWrath."
It'
soptionalreadingforextracredit.
2.Shedidn'
thavetowriteacritiqueof"
TheScarletLetter."
Shehadtogiveapresentationtoherclass.
3.Shewon'
thavetotakeanyotherliteratureclasses.AmericanLiterature101istheonlyrequiredcourse.
must
don'
thaveto
choice/
noobligation
thavetotakeanytests.Thecourseisjustforfun.
2.Ididn'
thavetotakethetest.Theteacherletmedoareportinstead.
thavetotakethetest.It'
sgoingtobeforextracreditandIdon'
tneedthepoints.
REMEMBER:
"
Donothaveto"
vs."
Mustnot"
suggeststhatsomeoneisnotrequiredtodosomething."
suggeststhatyouareprohibitedfromdoingsomething.
HaveGotto
havegotto
1.Peoplehavegottobeontimeiftheywanttogetaseatinthecrowdedtheater.
HAVETO"
Youhadtobeontimeifyouwantedtogetaseatinthecrowdedtheater.
3.Youhavegottobethereontimetonightifyouwanttogetaseatinthecrowdedtheater.
DON'
THAVETO"
Peopledon'
thavetobethereontimetogetaseat.
Youdidn'
3.SHIFTTO"
Youwon'
thavetobethereontimetogetaseat.
haveto,
haven'
tgotto
futureobligation
Haven'
tyougottobethereby7:
00?
tyougottofinishthatprojecttoday?
("
tgotto"
isprimarilyusedtoaskaboutfutureobligations.Itcanbeusedinstatements,butthisislesscommon.)
Don'
tyou,haveto
May
may
1.Jackmaybeupset.Ican'
treallytellifheisannoyedortired.
2.Jackmayhavebeenupset.Icouldn'
treallytellifhewasannoyedortired.
3.Jackmaygetupsetifyoudon'
ttellhimthetruth.
1.Jackmaynotbeupset.Perhapsheistired.
2.Jackmaynothavebeenupset.Perhapshewastired.
3.Jackmaynotgetupset,evenifyoutellhimthetruth
1.Youmayleavethetablenowthatyou'
refinishedwithyourdinner.
BEALLOWEDTO"
Youwereallowedtoleavethetableafteryoufinishedyourdinner.
3.Youmayleavethetablewhenyoufinishyourdinner.
1.Youmaynotleavethetable.You'
renotfinishedwithyourdinneryet.
Youwerenotallowedtoleavethetablebecauseyouhadn'
tfinishedyourdinner.
3.Youmaynotleavethetableuntilyouarefinishedwithyourdinner.
can
requests
MayIborrowyoureraser.
MayImakeaphonecall.
NONEGATIVEFORM
Might
might
1.Shemightbeonthebus.Ithinkhercarishavingproblems.
2.Shemighthavetakenthebus.I'
mnotsurehowshegottowork.
3.Shemighttakethebustogethome.Idon'
tthinkBillwillbeabletogiveheraride.
1.Shemightnotbeonthebus.Shemightbewalkinghome.
2.Shemightnothavetakenthebus.Shemighthavewalkedhome.
3.Shemightnottakethebus.ShemightgetaridefromBill.
could,
(may,might)
1.IfIenteredthecontest,Imightactuallywin.
2.IfIhadenteredthecontest,Imightactuallyhavewon.
3.IfIenteredthecontesttomorrow,Imightactuallywin.Unfortunately,Ican'
tenterit.
1.EvenifIenteredthecontest,Imightnotwin.
2.EvenifIhadenteredthecontest,Imightnothavewon.
3.EvenifIenteredthecontesttomorrow,Imightnotwin.
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