NO43Word下载.docx
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NO43Word下载.docx
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Atedious
Bmelodious
Ccapricious
Dcompelling
Ecautious
5Inthemachinelikeworldofclassicalphysics,
thehumanintellectappears----,sincethe
mechanicalnatureofclassicalphysicsdoesnot
----creativereasoning,theveryabilitythathad
madetheformulationofclassicalprinciples
possible.
Aanomalous..allowfor
Babstract..speakto
Canachronistic..deny
Denduring..value
Econtradictory..exclude
6Duringthe1960'
sassessmentsofthefamily
shiftedremarkably,fromgeneralendorsement
ofitasaworthwhile,stableinstitutionto
widespread----itasanoppressiveandbankrupt
onewhose----wasbothimminentandwelcome.
Aflightfrom..restitution
Bfascinationwith..corruption
Crejectionof..vogue
Dcensureof..dissolution
Erelinquishmentof..ascent
7Documentingscience'
s----philosophywould
be----,sinceitisalmostaxiomaticthatmany
philosophersusescientificconceptsasthe
foundationsfortheirspeculations.
Adistrustof..elementary
Binfluenceon..superfluous
Crelianceon..inappropriate
Ddependenceon..difficult
Edifferencesfrom..impossible
8SCALPEL:
SURGEON:
:
Alaser:
agronomist
Bmagnet:
ecologist
Csyringe:
geologist
Dtelescope:
astronomer
Emicroscope:
geometrician
9APPLE:
FRUIT:
Aegg:
chicken
Brung:
chair
Cwool:
fabric
Dfuse:
dynamite
Ewick:
candle
10ENVELOPE:
LETTER:
Ascarf:
hat
Bbox:
bag
Ccrate:
produce
Dneck:
head
Eblood:
heart
11PANEGYRIC:
EULOGIZE:
Aballad:
stigmatize
Bode:
criticize
Clampoon:
satirize
Dtirade:
entertain
Etreatise:
dispute
12OVERDOSE:
PRESCRIPTION:
Adeprivation:
materialism
Bindiscretion:
convention
Caffliction:
sympathy
Dadventure:
expedition
Edrug:
medicine
13FRESCO:
WALL:
Afountain:
courtyard
Bparquetry:
floor
Cthatch:
roof
Dstatuary:
passage
Egargoyle:
gutter
14HAMMER:
ANVIL:
Aknocker:
door
Bstick:
gong
Chand:
drum
Dpestle:
mortar
Egavel:
lectern
15RELEVANT:
CRUCIAL:
Amarginal:
unique
Bperceptible:
obvious
Capparent:
real
Dperipheral:
central
Epossible:
desirable
16PERFUNCTORILY:
INSPIRATION:
Ainsolently:
veneration
Bardently:
passion
Cphlegmatically:
composure
Dsurreptitiously:
obsession
Ehaltingly:
reluctance
Greatcomicartisneverother-
wordly,itdoesnotseektomystify
us,anditdoesnotdenyambiguityby
brandingasevilwhateverdiffersfrom
(5)good.Greatcomicartistsassumethat
truthmaybearalllights,andthusthey
seektoaccentuatecontradictionsin
socialaction,notglossoverortran-
scendthembyappealstoextrasocial
(10)symbolsofdivineends,cosmicpurpose,
orlawsofnature.Themomentof
transcendenceingreatcomicartisa
socialmoment,bornoutofthe
convictionthatwearehuman,even
(15)thoughwetrytobegods.Thecomic
communitytowhichartistsaddress
themselvesisacommunityofreasoning,
loving,joyful,compassionatebeings,
whoarewillingtoassumethehuman
(20)risksofactingrationally.Without
invokinggodsordemons,greatcomic
artarousescourageinreason,courage
whichgrowsoutoftrustinwhathuman
beingscandoashumans.
17Thepassagesuggeststhatgreat
comicartcanbecharacterizedas
optimisticabouttheabilityof
humansto
Aridthemselvesofpride
Btranscendthehumancondition
Cdifferentiateclearlybetween
goodandevil
Davoidsocialconflicts
Eactrationally
18Itcanbeinferredfromthepassage
thattheauthoradmiresgreatcomic
artistsprimarilyfortheir
Aabilitytounderstandthefrequently
subtledifferencesbetweengood
andevil
Babilitytoreconcilethecontradictions
inhumanbehavior
Cabilitytodistinguishbetweenrational
andirrationalbehavior
Dinsistenceonconfrontingthetruth
aboutthehumancondition
Einsistenceoncondemninghuman
faultsandweaknesses
19Whichofthefollowingisthemostaccurate
descriptionoftheorganizationofthe
passage?
AAsequenceofobservationsleading
toaprediction
BAlistofinferencesdrawnfromfacts
statedatthebeginningofthepassage
CAseriesofassertionsrelatedtoone
generalsubject
DAstatementofthemajoridea,followed
byspecificexamples
EAsuccessionofideasmovingfrom
specifictogeneral
Ithaslongbeenknownthatthe
rateofoxidativemetabolism(the
processthatusesoxygentoconvertfood
intoenergy)inanyanimalhasa
(5)profoundeffectonitslivingpatterns.
Thehighmetabolicrateofsmall
animals,forexample,givesthem
sustainedpowerandactivityperunitof
weight,butatthecostofrequiring
(10)constantconsumptionoffoodandwater.
Verylargeanimals,withtheir
relativelylowmetabolicrates,can
survivewellonasporadicfoodsupply,
butcangeneratelittlemetabolicenergy
(15)pergramofbodyweight.Ifonly
oxidativemetabolicrateisconsidered,
therefore,onemightassumethat
smaller,moreactive,animalscould
preyonlargerones,atleastifthey
(20)attackedingroups.Perhapstheycould
ifitwerenotforanaerobicglycolysis,
thegreatequalizer.
Anaerobicglcolysisisaprocessin
whichenergyisproduced,without
(25)oxygen,throughthebreakdownofmuscle
glycogenintolacticacidandadenosine
tri-phosphate(ATP),theenergy
provider.Theamountofenergythatcan
beproducedanaerobicallyisafunction
(30)oftheamountofglycogenpresent-inall
vertebratesabout0.5percentoftheir
muscles'
wetweight.Thustheanaerobic
energyreservesofavertebrateare
proportionaltothesizeoftheanimal.
(35)If,forexample,somepredatorshad
attackeda100-tondinosaur,normally
torpid,thedinosaurwouldhavebeen
abletogeneratealmostinstantaneously,
viaanaerobicglycolysis,theenergyof
(40)3,000humansatmaximumoxidative
metabolicenergyproduction.This
explainshowmanylargespecieshave
managedtocompetewiththeirmore
activeneighbor:
thecompensationfor
(45)alowoxidativemetabolicrateis
glycolysis.
Therearelimitations,however,tothis
compensation.Theglycogenreserves
ofanyanimalaregood,atmost,for
(50)onlyabouttwominutesatmaximum
effort,afterwhichonlythenormal
oxidativemetabolicsourceofenergy
remains.Withtheconclusionofaburst
ofactivity,thelacticacidlevelis
(55)highinthebodyfluids,leavingthe
largeanimalvulnerabletoattackuntil
theacidisreconverted,viaoxidative
metabolism,bytheliverintoglucose,
whichisthensent(inpart)backtothe
(60)musclesforglycogenresynthesis.During
thisprocesstheenormousenergydebt
thattheanimalhasrunupthrough
anaerobicglycolysismustberepaid,a
debtthatisproportionallymuchgreater
(65)forthelargervertebratesthanforthe
smallerones.Whereasthetinyshrewcan
replaceinminutestheglycogenused
formaximumeffort,forexample,the
giganticdinosaurwouldhaverequired
(70)morethanthreeweeks.Itmightseem
thatthisinterminablylongrecovery
timeinalargevertebratewouldprove
agravedisadvantageforsurvival.
Fortunately,muscleglycogenisused
(75)onlywhenneededandeventhenonlyin
whateverquantityisnecessary.Onlyin
timesofpanicorduringmortalcombat
wouldtheentirereservesbeconsumed.
20Theprimarypurposeofthepassage
isto
Arefuteamisconceptionaboutanaerobic
glycolysis
Bintroduceanewhypothesisabout
anaerobicglycolysis
Cdescribethelimitationsofanaerobic
Danalyzethechemistryofanaerobic
glycolysisanditssimilaritytooxidative
metabolism
Eexplainanaerobicglycolysisandits
effectsonanimalsurvival
21Accordingtotheauthor,glycogen
iscrucialtotheprocessofanaerobic
glycolysisbecauseglycogen
Aincreasestheorganism'
sneedforATP
BreducestheamountofATPinthe
tissues
Cisaninhibitoroftheoxidative
metabolicproductionofATP
DensuresthatthesynthesisofATP
willoccurspeedily
EisthematerialfromwhichATPis
derived
22Accordingtotheauthor,amajor
limitationofanaerobicglycolysisis
thatitcan
Aproduceinlargeanimalsmorelactic
acidthanthelivercansafelyreconvert
Bnecessitateadangerouslylongrecovery
periodinlargeanimals
Cproduceenergymoreslowlythanit
canbeusedbylargeanimals
Dconsumealloftheavailableglycogen
regardlessofneed
Ereducesignificantlytherateatwhich
energyisproducedbyoxidative
23Thepassagesuggeststhatthetotal
anaerobicenergyreservesofavertebrate
areproportionaltothevertebrate'
ssize
because
Alargervertebratesconservemoreenergy
thansmallervertebrates
Blargervertebratesuselessoxygenper
unitweightthansmallervertebrates
Ctheabilityofavertebratet
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