届高考英语阅读理解和短文改错自练测试12.docx
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届高考英语阅读理解和短文改错自练测试12.docx
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届高考英语阅读理解和短文改错自练测试12
阅读理解。
“Experiencemaypossiblybethebestteacher,butitisnotaparticularlygoodteacher.”YoumightthinkthatWinstonChurchillorperhapsMarkTwainspokethosewords,buttheyactuallycomefromJamesMarch,aprofessoratStanfordUniversityandapioneerinthefieldoforganizationdecisionmaking.ForyearsMarch(possiblybewisestphilosopherofmanagement)hasstudiedhowhumansthinkandact,andhecontinuestodosoinhisnewbookTheAmbiguitiesofExperience.
Hebeginsbyremindingusofjusthowfirmlywehavebeenstickingtotheideaofexperientiallearning:
“Experienceisrespected;experienceissought;experienceisexplained.”Theproblemisthatlearningfromexperienceinvolves(涉及)seriouscomplications(复杂化),onesthatarepartofthenatureofexperienceitselfandwhichMarchdiscussesinthebodyofthisbook.
Inoneinterestingpartofbook,forexample,heturnsadoubleeyetowardtheuseofstoriesasthemosteffectivewayofexperientiallearning.Hesays“Themoreaccurately(精确的)realityispresented,thelessunderstandablethestory,andthemoreunderstandablethestory,thelessrealisticitis.”
Besidesbeingabroadlyknowledgeableresearcher.Marchisalsoapoet,andhisgiftshinesthoughinthedepthofviewsheoffersandthesimplelanguageheuses.Thoughthebookisshort,itisdemanding;Don’tpickituplookingforquick,easylessons.Rather,bereadytothinkdeeplyaboutlearningfromexperienceinworkandlife.
()1.Accordingtothetext,JamesMarchis____________.
A.apoetwhousesexperienceinhiswriting
B.ateacherwhoteachersstorywritinginuniversity
C.aresearcherwhostudiesthewayhumansthinkandact
D.aprofessorwhohelpsorganizationsmakeimportantdecisions
()2.AccordingtoJamesMarch,experience______________.
A.isovervaluedB.iseasytoexplain
C.shouldbeactivelysoughtD.shouldbeinactivelysought
()3.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph3?
A.Experiencemakesstoriesmoreaccurate.
B.Storiesmadeinterestingfailtofullypresentthetruth.
C.Theuseofstoriesisthebestwayofexperientiallearning.
D.Storiesareeasiertounderstandwhenrealityismoreaccuratelydescribed.
()4.What’sthepurposeofthistext?
A.Tointroduceabook.
B.Todescribearesearcher.
C.Toexplainexperientiallearning.
D.Todiscussorganizationaldecisionmaking.
【答案与解析】
【要点综述】文章介绍了JamesMarch所著的一本名为TheAmbiguitiesofExperience书。
本书针对人们生活中过分依赖经验这一现象作了分析实际上是告诫人们不可高估经验的作用。
1.C细节理解题。
根据首段“ForyearsMarch(possiblybewisestphilosopherofmanagement)hasstudiedhowhumansthinkandact,”可知。
2.A推理判断题。
根据首段第一句及第2段“Theproblemisthatlearningfromexperienceinvolves(涉及)seriouscomplications(复杂化),...”可得知March认为人们高估了经验的作用。
3.B细节理解题。
根据第3段“Themoreaccurately(精确的)realityispresented,thelessunderstandablethestory,andthemoreunderstandablethestory,thelessrealisticitis.”可判断正确答案为B。
4.A推理判断题。
此题判断作者的写作意图。
从首段最末一句“hecontinuestodosoinhisnewbookTheAmbiguitiesofExperience.”及末段“Thoughthebookisshort,itisdemanding;Don’tpickituplookingforquick,easylessons.”可推断出本文是介绍March所著的这本书。
阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
Astudyhasshowedthatthebrainmakesdecisionsabout10secondsbeforeapersonrealizesit.
Expertsinvolvedinthestudysaidthatlookingatbrainactivitywhilemakingadecision, theycouldpredictthechoicesthesubjectswouldmake,beforetheyrealizedthattheyhadmadeadecision.LeadresearcherJohn-DylanHaynes,aneuroscientist(神经学家)attheMaxPlanckInstituteforHumanCognitiveandBrainSciencesinLeipzig,saidthatthenewfindingscalledintoquestionsfor“consciousness”ofdecisionsthatpeoplemake,andmightevenchallengeideasastohow“free”peoplearetomakeadecisionataparticularmoment.
“Wethinkourdecisionsareconscious,butthesedatashowthatconsciousnessisjustthetipoftheiceberg,”Naturemagazinequoted(引用)himassaying.Thinkingtheresults“quitedramatic”,FrankTongofVanderbiltUniversityinNashville,Tennessee,saidthat10secondsis“alifetime”intermsofbrainactivity.
Duringthestudy,thebrainsof14volunteerswereimagedastheyperformedadecision-makingtask.Thesubjectshadtwobuttonsbeforethem,eachtobeoperatedbyadifferenthand,whichtheycouldpresswhentheyfelttheurgeto.Theyweresimultaneously(同时地)shownastreamofletters,whichappearedonascreenathalf-secondintervals(间隔).Thevolunteershadtorememberwhichletterwasshowingwhentheydecidedtopresstheirbutton.
Uponanalysisofthedata,theresearchersrealizedthattheearliestsignaltheycouldcatchstartedsevensecondsbeforethevolunteersreportedhavingmadetheirdecision.Giventhedelayofafewsecondsintheimaging,theyreckoned(估计)thatthebrainactivitycouldhavebegunabouttensecondsbeforetheconsciousdecision.Theresearchersshowedth
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