加快建设中国特色社会主义法治政府双语Word下载.docx

加快建设中国特色社会主义法治政府双语Word下载.docx

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加快建设中国特色社会主义法治政府双语@#@AcceleratingtheDevelopmentofaSocialistLaw-BasedGovernmentwithChineseCharacteristics@#@byMaKaiFrom:

@#@EnglishEditionofQiushiJournal@#@Vol.4No.2April1,2012|Updated:

@#@2012-07-0414:

@#@49@#@TheCPCCentralCommitteeandtheStateCouncilhaveplacedgreatemphasisonpromotingadministrationandgovernanceinaccordancewiththelaw.ThePartysetforththeimportanttaskofpromotinggovernmentadministrationinaccordancewiththelawatitsSixteenthNationalCongress.InMarch2004,theStateCouncilissuedtheOutlineforPromotingLaw-BasedAdministrationinanAll-RoundWay,whichdefinedthegoalofpromotingthebuildingofa“law-basedgovernment”forthefirsttime.Weshouldbefullyawareofthegreatsignificanceofpromotinggovernmentadministrationinaccordancewiththelaw,andengageinaconstantefforttopromotethefulfillmentofthisstrategictask.@#@I.Theessentialrequirementsandgreatsignificanceofbuildingasocialistlaw-basedgovernmentwithChinesecharacteristics@#@Theruleoflawistheoppositeformoftheruleofman.Thebirthoftheruleoflawrepresentsamajoraccomplishmentinthedevelopmentofhumancivilizationoverthousandsofyears.Asaformofsuperstructure,thecharacteristicsoftheruleoflawmayvaryaccordingtotheeconomicfoundation,politicalsystem,historyandcultureofthecountryinquestion.Thesocialistlaw-basedgovernmentwithChinesecharacteristicscombinescharacteristicscommontoalllaw-basedgovernmentsandcharacteristicsuniquetoChina.@#@Intermsofgenerality,thesocialistlaw-basedgovernmentwithChinesecharacteristicsdemonstratesthegeneralfeaturesassociatedwiththeruleoflaw.Thefundamentalrequirementoftheruleoflawisthatalladministrativeactivitiesaresubjecttothenormsandconstraintsofthelaw.Thisensuresthattheuseofpowerconformstothewillandtheinterestsdefinedbythelaw,preventingtheexpansionandabuseofpower.Inthisway,thelegalrightsandinterestsofcitizens,legalentities,andotherorganizationscanberealizedandsafeguarded.Thisfundamentalrequirementclearlydefinestherelationshipbetweenthegovernmentandthelawandtherelationshipbetweenthegovernmentandcitizens.Theruleoflawputsthelawbeforegovernments.Governmentactivitiesmayonlybecarriedoutwithintheboundariesofthelaw,notoutsideoraboveit.Moreover,theruleoflawalsoputscitizensbeforegovernments.Agovernmentbasedontheruleoflawisrequiredtorealizeandsafeguardthelegalrightsandinterestsofcitizens,andisforbiddenfromviolatingorinfringingtheselegalrightsandinterests.Itisthusclearthattheruleoflawfirstandforemostemphasizesthatthegovernment,andnotjustcitizens,mustabidebythelaw.Inmorespecificterms,theessentialrequirementsoftheruleoflawaredemonstratedbythefollowingfivebasicfeatures.First,theadministrativeorgansmustbeestablishedinaccordancewiththelaw.Thisisaprerequisiteofgovernmentadministrationaccordingtolaw.Thelawmustprovidefortheestablishmentofadministrativeorgansandthestaffingofsuchorgans,andtherebythegovernmentisforbiddenfromestablishingadministrativeorgansorexpandingthescaleofexistingstaffarbitrarily.Second,alladministrativepowermustbederivedfromthelaw.Thisisthekeytoexercisingtheruleoflaw.Alladministrativepowermustbeauthorizedbyeitherthelawortheinstitutionsofstatepower.Inotherwords,anadministrativeorgancannotexerciseapowerthathasnotbeengrantedtoitbythelaw.Third,administrativeproceduresmustbedeterminedinaccordancewiththelaw.Thisisaconditionforgovernmentadministrationinaccordancewiththelaw.Notonlymustadministrativepowerbeacquiredandappliedonthebasisoflegalstipulationstoensuresubstantiallegality,buttheexerciseofpowerandadministrativepracticemustalsoaccordwithlegallystipulatedprocedurestoensureprocedurallegality.Whenagovernmentinstitutiontakesadministrativeaction,itmustdosoinstrictaccordancewiththemethods,approaches,sequence,timelimit,andotherproceduresthathavebeenlegallystipulated.Inaddition,suchinstitutionsmustmakeinformationavailabletothepublicandpromotetransparencyintheexerciseofgovernmentadministration,soastosafeguardtherightsofcitizens,legalentities,andotherorganizationstostayinformedabout,participatein,expressviewson,andmonitoradministrativeprocedures.Fourth,administrativeactionsmustbeconductedinaccordancewiththelaw.Thisisthecorerequirementoftheruleoflaw.Administrativeorgansandtheiremployeesmustactstrictlywithintheconfinesoftheirlegallydefineddutiesandresponsibilitiesandinaccordancewithlegallymandatedprocedures.Moreover,theyshouldmakedecisionsinaccordancewiththelaw,performtheirdutiesinaccordancewiththelaw,andstrictlyenforcethelaw.Theyshouldconscientiouslyapplytheprinciplesoftheruleoflawandlegalmeanstoresolveconflictsandproblemsemergingineconomicandsocialdevelopment.Fifth,administrativeresponsibilitymustbeassumedinaccordancewiththelaw.Thisisaguaranteetoensuretheruleoflaw.First,administrativeorgansmustbeaccountabletothelawandtakeresponsibilityfortheiradministrativeactionsinaccordancewiththelaw.Incasesinvolvingtheimproperuseofpowerandtheabuseofpower,theorganizationsandindividualsinvolvedshouldbeheldaccountableinaccordancewiththelaw.Second,thoseinvolvedininaction,negligenceandderelictionoftheirlegallyprescribeddutiesshouldbearlegalresponsibilityfortheiractions.Thisisbecauseallpowercomeswithresponsibility,andthosewithpowermustfulfilltheirobligations.Wecannotallowpowertoexistintheabsenceofresponsibility.Atthesametime,theuseofpowershouldbesupervised,andthissupervisionshouldbeall-embracing.Wecannotallowpowertobeexercisedintheabsenceofsupervision.Third,violationsofthelawmustberectified,andthoseresponsibleshouldbeheldaccountablefortheiractions.Thiscallsforsoundandeffectivesystemsforadministrativeaccountabilityandthecorrectionofadministrativemistakes.Thesethreeaspectsdovetailwithoneanother,formingamechanismforthesupervisionandadministrativeaccountabilityofalaw-basedgovernment.Therefore,itisclearthatalaw-basedgovernmentisonethatisoperatedinaccordancewiththelaw.Alaw-basedgovernmentisalawfulgovernment,alimitedgovernment,astandardizedgovernment,alaw-abidinggovernment,andaresponsiblegovernment.Thisessentialrequirement,alongwithitsbasicfeatures,iswhatdistinguisheslaw-basedgovernmentfromgovernmentruledbymen.Ingovernmentsruledbyman,therulersexerciseabsoluteauthority,andgovernmentactsarenotboundbylaw,butcontrolledatthewillofindividuals.@#@TheStateCouncilissuedaDecisiononStrengtheningtheDevelopmentofaLaw-BasedGovernmentonNovember8,2010./Xinhua@#@Inadditiontogeneralfeatures,thesocialistlaw-basedgovernmentwithChinesecharacteristicsalsohasfeaturesthatdistinguishitfromthelaw-basedgovernmentsofothercountries,especiallythoseofWesterncapitalistcountries.Aconstitutionisthemostfundamentallawofanycountry,representingthefoundationonwhichalaw-basedgovernmentisbuilt.Thecharacteristicsofalaw-basedgovernmentaredeterminedbytheconstitutiononwhichitisbased.Owingtoconstitutionaldifferences,thesocialistlaw-basedgovernmentwithChinesecharacteristicsdiffersfromthelaw-basedgovernmentsofothercountriesinatleastthefollowingaspects:

@#@First,thefundamentaltenetsarenotthesame.AccordingtotheprovisionsofChina’sConstitution,allpowerinthePeople’sRepublicofChinabelongstothepeople.Thepeopleadministerstateaffairsandmanageeconomic,culturalandsocialaffairsthroughvariouschannelsandinvariouswaysinaccordancewiththelaw.Thismeansthatthesocialistlaw-basedgovernmentwithChinesecharacteristicsis,inessence,agovernmentofthepeople,whosefundamentalpurposeistoservethepeople.Fundamentallyspeaking,beingauthorizedbythelawisbeingauthorizedbythepeople,andadministrationinaccordancewiththelawisadministrationinaccordancewiththewillandinterestsofthepeople.Asthepowerofthegovernmentcomesfromthepeople,theuseofpowershouldbeforthepeople,accountabletothepeopleandsubjecttothesupervisionofthepeople.Second,thebasicsystemsemployedarenotthesame.AccordingtotheConstitution,Chinaisasocialiststateunderthepeople’sdemocraticdictatorshipledbytheworkingclassandbasedontheallianceofworkersandpeasants.Inaddition,Chinaimplementsabasiceconomicsysteminwhichthepublicsectorisdominantandthepublicandnon-publicsectorsdevelopsidebyside,abasicpoliticalsystemofpeople’scongresses,andasocialistmarketeconomicsystem.ThesebasicsystemsdeterminethattheChineselaw-basedgovernmentmustbebasedonsocialism.Thegovernmentmustreflectandrealize,andnotdepartfromorgoagainst,therequirementsofthesocialisteconomyanddemocracy.Inshort,thegovernmentmustbeconducivetoconsolidatinganddevelopingsocialism.Third,theguidingprinciplesarenotthesame.Thefundamentalprinciplebehindsocialistdemocracy,whichisembodiedthroughouttheConstitution,istomaintainanorganicunitybetweenadheringtotheleadershipoftheParty,makingthepeoplethemastersoftheirowncountry,andgoverningthecountryinaccordancewiththelaw.Thisisalsothefundamentalguidingprinciplebehindthedevelopmentofalaw-basedgovernment.Onlybyad