高考英语复习之书面表达高分技巧及训练学案Word文档格式.docx

高考英语复习之书面表达高分技巧及训练学案Word文档格式.docx

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因此，通读全文可以为考生从宏观上把握文章的主旨和结构、行文逻辑，判断文章的体裁奠定基础。

2．查找信息，分清主次

概要写作，要求考生具有从文章中抽取主干和找到关键信息的能力。

在第二遍细读时，要弄清主要信息和次要信息，把次要信息剔除，以免影响概要写作的简洁性；

同时，要养成在重点词句下做出标记的习惯。

3．概括大意，提炼内容

考生在理解全文内容，弄清主次关系之后，可以初步写出每段的段落大意，注意要忠于原文，避免出现遗漏要点或增添要点的情况。

4．获取要点，灵活表达

为了使所写概要简明、扼要，要对罗列的每段大意进行整合；

同时为了避免使用原文的句子，需要考生灵活采用同义词或近义词进行替换，用不同的句式进行转换，并在必要的地方使用连接词，使表达连贯通顺。

5．检查修改，整理誊写

写完初稿后，需要在内容上、语言上以及上下文的连贯性上进行检查：

看是否包括了原文的所有要点，语言词汇的运用是否准确和地道，以及行文是否流畅；

另外，还要注意词数限制和书写规范。

二、概要写作要做到以下几点：

1.简洁性：

即用尽量少的语言对较长原文的简洁重述；

2.自主性：

即用自己的话语进行概写，避免对原文进行抄袭照搬；

3.理解性：

即表现作者对原文本的精准理解。

需要注意的是，考生不能对原文进行解释和评论，也不能掺杂任何个人想法，或做出任何评判，因此不能出现“Ibelieve”,“Ithink”等字句；

4.忠实性：

即概写内容和中心思想必须忠于原文主旨，不可偏离主题、肆意篡改；

5.连贯性：

概要写作并非简单罗列要点，各个要点之间要有恰当衔接，使概要衔接紧密、脉络清晰。

写出的概要读起来要完整连贯、独立成篇。

三、阅卷时将主要考虑以下内容：

（1）对原文要点的理解和呈现情况;

（2）应用语法结构和词汇的准确性;

（3）上下文的连贯性;

（4）对各要点表达的独立性情况。

四、改写句子基本方法

1．同义替换法

Tomthoughtofanidea.

→AnideaoccurredtoTom.

2．正话反说法

Ithinkwealthislessimportantthanhealth.

→Idon’tthinkwealthismoreimportantthanhealth.

3．词性转换法

Yoursuggestionsaresupervaluable.

→Yoursuggestionsareofgreatvalue.

4．利用介词短语法

Wearesuretofinishitintimebecausesomanypeoplearehelpingus.

→Withsomanypeoplehelpingus,wearesuretofinishitintime.

5．句式变化法

（1）语态变换

Itiswidelyacceptedthatmorepeopleusecomputersintheworldtoday.

→Computersarewidelyusedintheworldtoday.

（2）简单句变复合句

Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood.Thiswasmorethanwecouldexpect.

→Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,whichwasmorethanwecouldexpect.

（3）连词衔接法

Heinsistedonstaying.Hewasnotwillingtogo.

→Heinsistedonstayingratherthangoing.

（4）词序改变法

ProfessorWhite,ProfessorSmithandmanyotherguestswerepresentatthemeeting.

→PresentatthemeetingwereProfessorWhite,ProfessorSmithandmanyotherguests.

（5）利用特殊句式法

Jimwantstogoboatingandhisparentswanttogoboating,too.

→Jimwantstogoboating,andsodohisparents.

五、高分技巧

一）写作步骤

二）改写句子基本方法

ProfessorWhite,ProfessorSmithandmanyotherguestswerepresentatthemeeting.

高分技巧：

【真题训练】

阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

【2019·

浙江】Parentseverywherepraisetheirkids.JennBerman,authorofTheAtoZGuidetoRaisingHappyandConfidentKids,says,“We’vegonetotheoppositeextremeofafewdecadesagowhenparentstendedtobemorestrict.”Bygivingkidsalotofpraise,parentsthinkthey’rebuildingtheirchildren’sconfidence,when,infact,itmaybejusttheopposite.Toomuchpraisecanbackfireand,whengiveninawaythat’sinsincere,makekidsafraidtotrynewthingsortakeariskforfearofnotbeingabletostayontopwheretheirparents’praisehasputthem.

Still,don’tgotoofarintheotherdirection.Notgivingenoughpraisecanbejustasdamagingasgivingtoomuch.Kidswillfeellikethey’renotgoodenoughorthatyoudon’tcareand,asaresult,mayseenopointintryinghardfortheiraccomplishments.

Sowhatistherightamountofpraise?

Expertssaythatthequalityofpraiseismoreimportantthanthequantity.Ifpraiseissincereandfocusedontheeffortnottheoutcome,youcangiveitasoftenasyourchilddoessomethingthatdeservesaverbalreward.“Weshouldespeciallyrecognizeourchildren’seffortstopushthemselvesandworkhardtoachieveagoal,”saysDonahue,authorofParentingWithoutFear:

LettingGoofWorryandFocusingonWhatReallyMatters.“Onethingtorememberisthatit’stheprocessnottheendproductthatmatters.”

Yoursonmaynotbethebestbasketballplayeronhisteam.Butifhe’soutthereeverydayandplayinghard,youshouldpraisehiseffortregardlessofwhetherhisteamwinsorloses.Praisingtheeffortandnottheoutcomecanalsomeanrecognizingyourchildwhenshehasworkedhardtocleantheyard,cookdinner,orfinishabookreport.Butwhateveritis,praiseshouldbegivenonacase-by-casebasisandbeproportionate（相称的）totheamountofeffortyourchildhasputintoit.

【参考范文】

Parentstendtogotoextremeswhenitcomestopraisingtheirkids.（要点1）However,bothtoomuchandtoolittlepraisecanbedamaging.（要点2）Whengivingpraise,parentsshouldbesincereandfocusontheprocessratherthantheresult.（要点3）Theyaresupposedtogivepraiseaccordingtohowmuchefforttheirkidshaveputintotheworktheychosetodo.（要点4）

概要写作专项练习

1. 

Whilemanyofusgotosleepbeforemidnight,someteenagerschoosetostayupmuchlater.Theyarenotdrivenbytheburningdesiretowriteabetteressayorachieveahighergrade.Instead,theyarebusyplayingonlinegames.KnownasyoungInternetaddicts,theyhavelongbeenaprobleminChina.Areportreleasedin2016bytheChinaYouthAssociationforNetworkDevelopmentshowedthattherewereover24millionyoungInternetaddictsamongChina’syoungurbanInternetusers.Thereportalsosaidthatover18millionyouthshadatendencytodevelopInternetaddiction.

TodealwiththeproblemofInternetaddictionamongteenagers,theCyberspaceAdministrationofChinahasreleaseddraftregulationswhichcarriedoutabanononlinegaming.Iftheregulationsareadopted，under-18swouldbebannedfromplayingonlinegamesbetweenmidnightand8am.

Assoonasthegovernment’sdraftlawsurfaced,itdrewgreatattentionfromthepublic.Some 

applaudedthelawasawaytobetterprotectminors（未成年人），sayingthattoomuchovernightgamingisharmfultominors’healthandbelievingtheperiodbetweenmidnightand8amtobevitaltohumanphysicalfunctions.However,otherswonderedwhetheritwouldbepracticalifitcameintoeffect,asminorscouldjustborrowtheirparents’IDstoregisteraccountstoplayonlinegames.TheGuangmingDailysuggestedthatparentsshouldhelptheirteenagersfindabalancebetweenthecyberworldandtherealworld.

Chinaisbynomeanstheonlyonetryingtofightagainstteenagergamingaddiction.Germanyintroducedaregulationin2002inanattempttostopminorsfromplayingonlinegamesfrom10pmto6am.Meanwhile，theUK，theUSandAustraliahaveforcedaratingsystemoncomputergamestomakesurethatteenagerscannotaccess“adult”contentsuchasviolence，sexorbadlanguage.

【答案】

ManyteenagersinChinahavebecomeaddictedtoovernightonlinegames.Thus，thegovernmentreleasedadraftlawtosolvethelong-lastingissue.Somepeoplewelcomedthelawbecauseitisbeneficialtotheteenagers’health，whileothersdoubtedwhetheritwouldbeeffective.Actually,manyothercountrieshavealsobeenmakinglawsagainsttheyouthonlineaddiction.

2. 

AgroupofscientistsledbySongMingyangattheMassachusettsGeneralHospitalanalyzeddatafromtwomajorstudiesinvolvingmorethan150,000participantstodeterminewhetherpeoplewhoconsumedprotein（蛋白质）fromredandprocessedmeatshadasignificantlyhigherdeathratethanthosewhogottheirproteinfromplants.Theanalysisofthe32yearNurses’HealthStudy,followedbytheHealthProfessionalsFollowUpStudyatHarvardUniversity，didn’tjustlookatthedietsoftheparticipantsovera 

year.Itstaredrepeatedly—specificallyhowoftentheyconsumedportionsofparticulartypesoffoodduringthepreviousyears—everyfouryears.

Song’steamfoundthata10percentincreasegenerallyinproteinsfromanimalsresultedina2percentincreaseindeath，andan8percentriseindeathriskfromheartdisease.Buta3percentincreaseinproteinfromplantsledtoa10percentdecreaseindeathanda12percentdropinriskofdeathfromcardiovascularrelated（心血管相关的）death.

“Thefindingsareclear,”saidSong.“Aresearchfellowatthehospital’sClinicalandTranslati