任务型阅读文档格式.docx
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任务型阅读文档格式.docx
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Intheearly1900sthebirthratebegantofallandthedivorceratebegantorise.Womenweresuddenlychoosingtogotocollegeandtakejobsoutsidethehome.Inthe1930sand1940s,manyfamiliesfacedseriousfinancial,ormoneyproblemsduringtheGreatDepression,whenmanypeoplelosttheirjobs.DuringWorldWarII(1939-1945),5millionwomenwereleftalonetotakecareoftheirhomesandtheirchildren.Becausemanymenwereatwar,thousandsofthese"
warwidows"
hadtogotoworkoutsidetheirhome.
Duringthenexttenyears,thesituationchanged.Therewerefewerdivorces,andpeoplemarriedatayoungerageandhadmorechildrenthanthepreviousgeneration.Itwasunusualforamothertoworkoutsidethehomeduringtheyearswhenherchildrenweregrowingtip.Familiesbeganleavingcitiesandmovingintosingle-familyhomesinthesuburbs.Thetraditionalfamilyseemedtobereturning.
Intheyearsbetween1960sand1990s,thereweremanyimportantchangesinthestructureofthefamily.Fromthe1960stotheearly1970s,thedivorceratedoubledandthebirthratefellbyhalf.Thenumberofsingle-parentfamiliestripled,andthenumberofcoupleslivingtogetherwithoutbeingmarrieddoubledagain.Infact,thesingle-parenthousehold,onceunusual,hasreplacedthe"
traditional"
familyasthetypicalfamilyintheStates.Ifwecanjudgefromhistory,however,thiswillprobablychangeagaininthetwenty-firstcentury.
TheChangesoftheAmericanFamily
Maincomparisons
Contexts
Different___1____
Thereweretwo__2___typesoffamiliesinthepast,___3____,theextendedandthenuclear.
Nowadays__4___typesoffamiliescanbeseenthanbefore.
Changesindifferent___5_____.
Inthe1900sand1940s
Manyofthewomenhadtoworkoutsideduetothe__6___ofmoney.,thuscausingthefallof__7__andtheriseofdivorcerate.
Inthe1950s
Divorcerateslidedandthereweremorechildren.Thefamiliestendedtobe___8___again.
Intheyearsbetween1960sand1990s
Differenttypesoffamiles__9____.TraditionalfamiliesarenolongerthetypicalonesinAmerica.
Atrendworthnoting
Author’sopiniononchanges
Thepresentstructureis___10____;
itwillexperiencechangesagaininthenearfuture.
1.kinds/types2.main3.namely4.more5.periods6.lack7.birthrate8.fewer9.occurred10.temporary
(二)
Thefamilysphere(范围)usedtobedefinedbyitsisolationfromthepublicrealm.Therewasthepublicmalerealm(领域)of"
rationalaccomplishment"
andcruelcompetition,andtheprivatefemaleandchild-rearingsphereofhome,intuition(直觉)andemotion.Theprivaterealmwassupposedtobeisolatedfromtherealitiesofadultlife.Forbothbetterandworse,televisionandotherelectronicmediatendtobreakdownthedifferencebetweenthosetwoworlds.Themembranearoundthefamilysphereismuchmorepermeable(可渗透的).TVtakespubliceventsandtransformsthemintodramasthatareplayedoutintheprivacyofourlivingrooms,kitchensandbedrooms.
Parentsusedtobethechannelthroughwhichchildrenlearnedabouttheoutsideworld.Theycoulddecidewhattotelltheirchildrenandwhentotellittothem.Sincechildrenlearntoreadinstages,booksprovideakindofnaturalscreeningprocess,whereadultscandecidewhattotellandnottellchildrenofdifferentreadingabilities.Televisiondestroyedthesystemthatseparatedadultfromchildknowledgeandseparatedinformationintoyear-by-yearslicesforchildrenofdifferentages.Instead,itpresentsthesameinformationdirectlytochildrenofallages,withoutgoingthroughadultfilters.
Sotelevisionpresentsarealchallengetoadults.Whileaparentcanreadanewspaperwithoutsharingitwithchildreninthesameroom,televisionisaccessibletoeveryoneinthatspace.Andunlikebooks,televisiondoesn'
tallowustoflip(翻转)throughitandseewhat'
scomingup.Wemaythinkwe'
regivingourchildrenalessoninsciencebyhavingthemwatchtheChallengertakeoff,andthensuddenlytheylearnaboutdeath,disasterandadultmistakes.
Booksallowadultstodiscussprivatelywhattotellornottellchildren.Thisalsoallowsparentstokeepadultmaterialsecretfromchildrenandkeeptheirsecretkeepingsecret.TakethatsamematerialandputitonTheTodayShowandyouhave800,000childrenhearingtheverythingstheadultsaretryingtokeepfromthem."
Televisiontakesourkidsacrosstheglobebeforeparentsgivethempermissiontocrossthestreet."
Moreimportantly,childrengraduallylearnthatadultsareworriedandanxiousaboutbeingparents.Actually,televisionhasalsoplacesfamiliesunderalotofstress.
HowTelevisionChangesChildhood?
Distancebetween___1__andtheoutside.
Homesusedtobeisolatedfromthe___2___realm.
Homesnowadaysare__3__totheoutsideworld.
Mediathroughwhichchildrencanobtaininformation
Inthepast,childrenmightlearn__4__abouttheoutsideworldwiththehelpofparentsand___5___.
MoreinformationisgotdirectlythroughTVandotherelectronicmedia,whichbreaksdownthe__6___betweenadultworldandthechildworld.
_____7___oftheinformationchildrenget
Traditionally,kidscouldonlyknewwhattheyshouldlearnattheirage,carefully___8___bytheirparents.
Everythingcanpossiblybeknownbychildren,includingmanyaspectsof_____life.
Effectsonfamilyeducation
Parentalinstruction
Familiesarenowundergreaterstressthanbefore.Adultsareanxiousaboutbeingparentsandfacedwithnew__10_____.
1.Homes2.public3.connected4.indirectly5.books6.difference7.Content8.decided/chosen9.adult10.challenges
(三)
Somepeoplebelievethatgreedandselfishnesshasbecomethebasisofmodernsociety,andweshouldreturntotheoldtraditionsoffamilyandcommunitythenwewillhaveabetterlife.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagreewiththeaboveopinion?
Inthisfast-pacedworld,manyvaluesareundergoingmajorchanges.Whilepeopletraditionallyprioritizecaring,sharingandgenerosityinlifeandwork,modernpeopleseemtobemoreself-absorbedandself-concerned.
Modernpeopleactselfishlytosurvivetheharshcompetitionoflife.Theysaythatitisajungleoutthere.Tosurvive,youhavetofightwithwhatevermeansthatcomehandy.Obviouslygreedyandselfishnessgoperfectlywellwithsuchideas.Inacompany,employeesdoeverythingtheycantogetbetterpayandhigherposition,evenatthecostofcolleagues.Weareinanywayadvocatinganyselfishconduct.Itisjustthatpeoplearepressuredtoactinacertainwayduetooutsideinfluences.
Inspiteofcommonpractice,itishardtoconcludethatmodernsocietyisbuiltongreedandselfishness,bothofwhicharenotnewlyinventedvocabulary.Inancienttimespeoplealsodidgreedyandselfishthingsthoughsuchbehaviorsweremorecondemnedthen.Butwecannotignorethefactthatpeopleinthepastlivedarelativelymoreisolatedlifeandfacedlesspressurecomparedwiththeirmoderncounterparts.
Arewehappiertosharewithothersandbegeneroustothem?
Thereisnofixedanswereither.Somepeopletakegreatpleasurehelpingandgivingtootherswhileothersfeelhappydoingtheopposite.ButIpersonallythinkthatpeopleshouldnotbetooselfish.Caringforotherscanactuallyencouragethedevelopmentofamutuallybeneficialrelationship.
Inconclusion,modernpeopleappeartobemoreself-centeredthanthoseinthepastduetostrongoutsidepressure.However,weshouldencouragepeopletoknowtheimportanceofbeingcaringandgenerousandtobuildamutuallybeneficialrelationshipwithothers.
AreModernPeopleBecomingMoreSelfish?
__1__arechanging
Inthepastpeopleputcaring,sharingandgenerosityinthefirst____2____.
Nowadays,peopleseemtobemore____3____aboutthemselves.
___4___arechangingtoo.
Peopleinthepastappearedtobemodestandself-effacing(谦让的).
Peoplemaystrivetoachievetheirown__5___atthepriceoftheircoworkers.
Theauthor’sunderstanding
___6____forthechangesinauthor’seyes
Fierce__7___andgreat__8___onmodernpeoplemayberesponsibleforthechanges.
Theauthor’s___9____towardstopic
Arelationshipwhichcan___10___twosidesshouldbeestablished.
1.Values2.place3.concerned4.Behaviors5.goals6.Reasons7.competition8.pressure9.attitudes10.benefit
(四)
Traditionally,customersmayconsidermoreaboutwhattheybuytheproductfor.However,theimageofproductandtheconsumingcircumstancehavebecomethekeypointstoattractcustomerawarenessandstimulatetheirbuyingneeds.Frequently,customersbuygoodsjustbecausetheyarecute,lovelya
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