高中英语阅读理解专题讲座 及强化训练Word格式文档下载.docx
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高中英语阅读理解专题讲座 及强化训练Word格式文档下载.docx
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二、专题讲座
(一)解题技巧
1、审核标题,抓住中心
标题是主题的高度浓缩和凝聚,它能给予考生启示和想象。
这样有利于对短文的理解,
能提高做题的效率。
2、通读全文,掌握全貌
快速通读全文,并边看边思索,用铅笔做些重点圈划。
这样一遍读完,即可掌握文章的脉络。
3、浏览答题,明确要求
凭第一遍的阅读记忆勾出一些表层题的答案,对一些一时无法下结论的题目,做出记号,重点突出。
4、读懂问题和选项,不被局部正确所迷惑
读懂问题主要是明确该题具体考查什么。
选项中的每个词都不能马虎。
4、带着问题,重读短文,仔细研究,逐一解答
这次应带着明确的目的阅读,从中找出答案,以解决上述遗留的问题。
5、复读全文,仔细核对
待做完题目后,考生应复读全文,核查答案,确保答题正确。
(二)体悟、归纳与强化训练
1、理解主旨要义:
先读以下4篇短文,找出其主题,并说说是如何找到主题的。
A
JaneClerk,fair-haired,blue-eyedandtoughassteel,hasjustwonthemostdifficultraceintheworld.Inseventeendaysshedroveadogteamandsledge(雪橇)across1,050milesoftheArcticCircleandthroughsomeofthemostdifficultlandintheworld.Inbitterwindsandsnow-stormsshedroveherdogsalongtheArtictrack,intemperaturesthatreached-38º
.WhenJanewasaskedhowshefeltaboutbeingthefirstwomanevertowintheraceshesaid,“stillcan’tbelieveit.”Shethenwentovertoinspectherthirteenwild-eyeddogs.DavidWilson,whocamesecond,said,“itsurehurtswhenayoungwomanisaheadofyou.Butitdoesn’thurtforlong.Shewasagoodwinner.
***Whichofthefollowingbestgivesthemainideaofthisnewspaperarticle?
A.Womanwinstheworld’stoughestrace.B.Womanfightsbetterwindsandsnow-storms.
C.Womanwinsasledgeraceintheworld.D.WomandrivesadogteamacrosstheArctic.
本文的首句是主题句,后面的句子或是具体说明“世界上最困难的比赛”,或是侧面说明赢得这场比赛不易。
本篇的终结进一步呼应了主题句。
答案A(主题句在篇/段首的结构:
这种文章结构通常用演绎法撰写,遵循从一般到个别/特殊的步骤,既先概述后用细节加以说明)
B
OnthenightofthepartyMerlinrolledintotheroomplayinghisviolin.Everyonewasastonishedtoseehim.Therewasjustoneproblem.Merlinhadnowaytostophisrollingskates.Herolledonandon.Suddenly,heranintoahugemirrorthatwashangingonthewall.Downfellthemirror,breakingtopieces.NobodyforgotMerlin’sgrandentranceforalongtime!
***Whatisthemainpointthewriteristryingtomakeintheparagraph?
A.Therollerskatesneededfurtherimprovement.B.ThepartygueststookMerlinforafool.
C.Merlinsucceededbeyondexpectation.D.Merlingothimselfintotrouble.
这段文字从Merlin入场的细节叙述,最后一句做了归纳总结:
很长一段时间大家都没有忘记他不同凡响的入场。
可见他取得了意想不到的成功。
答案C
(主句在末尾的结构:
尾句是主题句的结构通常是用归纳法撰写,其步骤是先描述细节或交代论据,后作出概括性的结论,以总结性的的句子收尾。
)
C
Whenyouthrowaballupintotheairasfastasyoucan,theballreachesapointwhereitseemstopauseforamoment,andthenitcomesdown.Whenabulletisshotstraightup,itwilltravelmuchfasterandhigherthanaball,butit,too,willcomedown.Whatevergoesupmustcomedown.Wehavealwaysthoughtthistobetrue.Anairplanemayclimbtoaheightofseventeenmilesandthentravelfarandlong.Yetitdoesn’tstayupforever.Finally,likeeverythingelse,theplanemustcomedown.
***Whatisthetopicsentence?
(主句在中间的结构:
这样的结构往往先以一句或几句为主句的出现做铺垫,或是交代细节或论据。
在主题出场后,还有适当数量的句子陈述细节或继续给予例证。
它的层次是:
引领------主题思想------解释或继续给予例证)
D
ShuPulonghashelpedatleast1000peoplebittenbysnakes.“Itwasseeingpeoplewithsnakebitesthatledmetothiscareer.”hesaid
In1963,afterhisarmyservice,ShuenteredamedicalschoolandlaterbecameadoctorofChineseMedicine.Asapartofhisstudieshehadtoworkinthemountains.Thereheoftenheardofpeoplewhohadtheirarmsandlegscutoffafterasnakebiteinordertosavetheirlives.
“IwasgreatlyupsetbythestoryofanoldfarmerImet.Itwasaveryhotafternoon.Theoldmanwaspullinggrassinhisfieldswhenhefeltapaininhislefthand.Heatoncerealizedhehadbeenbittenbyapoisonoussnake.Innotimehewrappedaclothtightlyaroundhisarmtostopthepoisonspreadingtohisheart.Rushinghomeheshouted,‘Bringmetheknife.’Minuteslaterthemanlosthisarmforever.”“ThesadstorytouchedmesomuchthatIdecidedtodevotemyselftohelpingpeoplebittenbysnakes.”Shesaid.
***Thebestheadlineforthisnewspaperarticleis_____.
A.AstonishingMedicineB.FarmerLosesArmC.DangerousBitesD.SnakeDoctor
(没有主题句的结构:
没有主题句的篇章(或段落),并不是没有主题思想,它们的主题思想不是由具体的某句话所表示的,而是要读者自己归纳总结。
这种结构通常叙述一件事的发展过程,或是陈述一系列同等重要的细节或事实。
答案是D。
2、阅读理解强化训练
(一)
Howcanwemeasureintelligence(智力)?
Expertsarenotcompletelycertainabouttheanswertothisquestion.However,insolvingsomeproblems,monkeysarebetterthanotheranimalsandthisisagreedtobeasignoftheirhighintelligence.
Inoneexperiment,theanimalshadtoreachthefoodattheothersideofafence(栅栏)bywalkinground.Monkeysquicklysawthesolution(解决方法).Dogswerenotsocertain,whilehenssimplyrushedatthefence,tryingtoreachthefooddirectly.Inthesecondstepoftheexperiment,theanimalcouldnotwalkround,buttherewasaropeconnectedtothefood.Monkeyspulledtheropeandthedogsdidn’tknowwhattodothoughtheycouldeasilypulltheropewiththeirteeth.
***Themainideaofthepassageisthat_____.
A.monkeysareclevererthanotheranimalsB.it’sdifficulttomeasureintelligence
C.expertsaretryingtofindawaytomeasureintelligence
D.monkeys,dogsandhensaregoodanimals*A*
阅读理解强化训练
(二)
OntheeveningofJune21,1992,atallmanwithbrownhairandblueeyesenteredthebeautifulhallofBellTowerHotelinXi’anwithhisbicycle.Thehotelworkersreceivedhimandtelephonedthemanager,fortheyhadneverseenabicycleinthehotelhallbeforethoughlivein“thekingdomofbicycles.”
RobertFriedlander,anAmerican,arrivedinXi’anonhisbicycletripacrossAsiawhichstartedlastDecemberinNewDelhli,India.Whenhewas11,hereadthebookMarcoPoloandmadeuphismindtovisittheSilkRoad.Nowafter44years,hewasontheSilkRoadinXi’anandhisearlydreamswerecomingtrue.
RobertFriedlander’snextdestinations(目的地)wereLanzhou,Dunhuang,Urumqi,etc.HewillcompletehistripinPakistan.
***Thebestheadlineforthisnewspaperarticlewouldbe___.
A.TheKingdomofBicycleB.ABeautifulHotelinXi’an
C.MarcoPoloandtheSilkRoadD.AnAmericanAchievinghisAim*D*
阅读理解强化训练(三)
Manycitiesaroundtheworldtodayareheavilypolluted.Carelessmethodsofproductionandlackofconsumerdemandforenvironmentfriendlyproductshavecontributedtothepollutionproblem.Oneresultisthatmillionsoftonsofglass,paper,plastics,andmetalcontainersareproduced,andthesearedifficulttogetridof.
However,today,moreandmoreconsumersarechoosing“green”anddemandingthattheproductstheybuyshouldbesafefortheenvironment.Beforetheybuyaproduct,theyaskquestionslikethese:
“Willtheseshampoodamagetheenvironment?
”“Canthismetalcontainerbereusedorcanitonlybeusedonce?
”
Arecentstudyshowedthattwooffiveadultsnowconsidertheenvironmentalsafetyofaproductbeforetheybuyit.Thismeansthatcompaniesmustnowchangethewaytheymakeandselltheirproductstomakesurethattheyare“green”,thatis,friendlytotheenvironment.
Onlyafewyearsago,itwasimpossibletofindgreenproductsinsuppermarkets,butnottherearehundreds.Somesupermarketproductscarrylabels(标签)toshowthattheproductisgreen.Somecompanieshavemadethemanufacturing(生产)ofcleanandsafeproductstheirmainsellingpointandemphasizeitintheiradvertising.
Theconcernforasaferandcleanerenvironmentismakingcompaniesrethinkhowtheydobusiness.Nolongerwilltheypublicaccepttheoldattitudeof“buyit,useit,throwitaway,andforgetit.”Thepublicpressureison,andgraduallybusinessiscleaningupitsact.
***Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?
A.BusinessandPeopleB.BusinessGoesGreen
C.ShoppingHabitsareChangingD.SupermarketsandGreenProducts*B*
阅读理解强化训练(四)
Ihaveworkedallmylife.I’vedonemen’sjobs.I’vedoneeverything.Ihaveusedscrewdrivers,electricdrills,andpunchpresses.Ireallyknowwhatitmeanstodomen’swork.Whatgetsmeis,youworkallyourlifelikeadog.Youpayallyourtaxesintothesegovernmentprograms.Butstill,whenyouneedhelp,thepeoplethatyouarepaidtohelpyou,theyactlikeit’scomingoutoftheirownpockets.
MyhusbandGeorgehadastrokenotlongago.I’vealwaysworkedallmylifeandIneverhave
todothisbefore,butwhenGeorgehadthestrokeIknewIneededhelp.Ihadtoquitmyjobtotakecareofhim.
SoIwentdowntothewelfareandtoldthemIneededhelp.Wewerelivingwithmysonatthetime.Thewelfarepeoplesaidthatsincewewerestayingthere,hehadtotakecareofus.Ifwewantedhelp,we’dhavetomoveout.Thetroublewaswedidn’thaveanythingatall,andGeorgewasinhospital.
WhenIknewIneededsomehelp,IwentupheretothisplacecalledHubCenterwherethey’resupposedtohelppeople.Well,ItoldthisyoungkidthatIwasworkingtherethatwewerestarvinganddidn’thavethemoneytopayourrentorbuyourmedicine.Well,hestartedwritingsomethingdownonaslipofpaper,andhewroteforthelongesttime.Thenhegaveittomeandsaid,“Takethispapert1631VineStreetandtheywillgiveyouasandwich.”
Isaid,“Thanksfornothing,kid.”
Ineverwassoembarrassedinallmylife.Ithought,well,IknowIhavetobegoingcrazy.Ijusthavetobe,thisjustcan’tbehappening.
***Thebesttitleforthepassagewouldbe_____.
A.IReallyKnowMen’sWorkB.Applying(申请)ForWelfare
C.WhereAreTheyWhenYouNeedThemD.WhereDoOurTaxesGo*C*
阅读理解强化训练(五)
Theoldideathatchildprodigies(神童)“burnthemselves”or“overtaxtheirbrains”intheearlyyears,therefore,arepreytofailureand(atworst)mentalillnessisjustamyth.Asamatteroffact,theoutstandingthingthathappenstobrightchildrenisthattheyareverylikelytogrowintobrightadults.
Tofindthisout,1,500giftedpersonswere
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