考研英语阅读理解标准90篇+提高30篇unit12Word文档下载推荐.docx
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考研英语阅读理解标准90篇+提高30篇unit12Word文档下载推荐.docx
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PartA
Text1
商业经济
445
/10
Text2
文化教育
471
Text3
科普知识
397
Text4
社会生活
400
PartB
598
PartC
381
Directions:
Readthefollowingtexts.Answerthequestionsbloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].
Opinionpollsarenowbeginningtoshowthat,whoeveristoblameandwhateverhappensfromnowon,highunemploymentisprobablyheretosay.Thismeansweshallhavetofindwaysofsharingtheavailableemploymentmorewidely.
Butweneedtogofurther.Wemustasksomefundamentalquestionsaboutthefuturework.Shouldwecontinuetotreatemploymentasthenorm?
Shouldwenotratherencouragemanywaysforself-respectingpeopletowork?
Shouldwenotcreateconditionsinwhichmanyofuscanworkforourselves,ratherthanforanemployer?
Shouldwenotaimtorevivethehouseholdandtheneighborhood,aswellasthefactoryandtheoffice,ascentersofproductionandwork?
Theindustrialagehasbeentheonlyperiodofhumanhistoryinwhichmostpeople’sworkhastakentheformofjobs.Theindustrialagemaynowbecomingtoanend,andsomeofthechangesinworkpatternswhichitbroughtmayhavetobereversed.Thisseemsadauntingthought.But,infact,itcouldoffertheprospectsofabetterfutureforwork.Universalemployment,asitshistoryshows,hasnotmeanteconomicfreedom.
Employmentbecamewidespreadwhentheenclosuresofthe17thand18thcenturiesmademanypeopledependentonpaidworkbydeprivingthemoftheuseoftheland,andthusofthemeanstoprovidealivingforthemselves.Thenthefactorysystemdestroyedthecottageindustriesandremovedworkfrompeople’shomes.Later,astransportimproved,firstbyrailandthenbyroad,peoplecommutedlongerdistancestotheirplacesofemploymentuntil,eventually,manypeople’sworklostallconnectionwiththeirhomelivesandtheplacesinwhichtheylive.
Meanwhile,employmentputwomenatadisadvantage.Inpre-industrialtimes,menandwomenhadsharedtheproductiveworkofthehouseholdandvillagecommunity.Nowitbecamecustomaryforthehusbandtogoouttopaidemployment,leavingtheunpaidworkofthehomeandfamiliestohiswife.Taxandbenefitregulationsstillassumethisnormtoday,andrestrictmoreflexiblesharingofworkrolesbetweenthesexes.
Itwasnotonlywomenwhoseworkstatussuffered.Asemploymentbecamethedominantformofwork,youngpeopleandoldpeoplewereexcluded—aproblemnow,asmoreteenagersbecomefrustratedatschoolandmoreretiredpeoplewanttoliveactivelives.
Allthismaynowhavetochange.
Thetimehascertainlycometoswitchsomeeffortandresourcesawayfromtheidealistgoalofcreatingjobsforall,totheurgentpracticaltaskofhelpingmanypeopletomanagewithoutfull-timejobs.
1.Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizesthemainideaofthetext?
[A]Employmentbecamewidespreadinthe17thand18thcenturies.
[B]Unemploymentwillremainamajorproblemforindustrializednations.
[C]Theindustrialagemaynowbecomingtoanend.
[D]Effortsandresourcesshouldbedevotedtohelpingpeopletotakeotherformsofwork.
2.Accordingtotheauthor,whatshouldwedotocopewithhighunemployment?
[A]Createsituationinwhichpeopleworkforthemselves.
[B]Continuetotreatemploymentasthenorm.
[C]Endeavortorevivethefactoryandtheofficeascentersofproduction.
[D]Encouragepeopletoworkinnormalworkingconditions.
3.Theword“daunting”(Line3,Para.3)mostprobablymeans
[A]shocking.[B]interesting.
[C]confusing.[D]stimulating.
4.Whichofthefollowingsisafactorcontributingtothespreadofemployment?
[A]Theenclosuresofthe17thand18thcenturies.
[B]Thedevelopmentofworkpatterns.
[C]Relieffromhouseworkonthepartofwomen.
[D]Thedevelopmentofeconomicfreedom.
5.Whatcanbeinferredfromthetext?
[A]Mostpeoplepolledbelievethatweshouldpayattentiontothehighunemployment.
[B]Manyfarmerslosttheirlandwhennewfacilitieswerebeingconstructed.
[C]Inpre-industrialsocieties,houseworkwasmainlycarriedoutbywomen.
[D]Someofthechangesinworkpatternhavebeenreversed.
Gettingreadytogobacktoschoolinthegoodolddaysof,say,1997meantafewtripstothemallandthestationeryaisleandaquickcheckofthebusroute.Thisyear,formanyparents,therearesomenewthingstoremember:
Theteacher’se-mailaddress,theschool’swebsiteandwhichnightonlinehomework-helpchatwillbeoffered.“The1999-2000schoolyearwillbetheonewherethemajorityofparentsreallyfeeltheInternet’sinfluenceontheirchildren’seducationattheeverydaylevel,”saysJonathanCarson,chairmanandCEOoftheFamilyEducationCo.,whichoffersaparentingwebsiteatandaframeworkforlocalschoolstocreateandmaintaintheirownsites.
Thisyearpromisestoshowaquantumleapinthespreadofschooltechnology:
Parentsinmanydistrictscanexpecttobeabletochecktheschoollunchmenu,readclassnotes,seeactivitycalendarsandviewnightlyhomeworkassignments—allonline.“Theschoolsarewired,”saysCarson.“Amajorityofparentsnowhaveaccessandtheeducatorsarereadytogo.”
Overthesummer,parentsofhighschoolGermanstudentsinIthaca,N.Y.gottobepartofaclasstriptoEurope,throughtheirhomecomputers.TheclassbroughtadigitalcameraandlaptopwiththemtoGermanyanddocumentedtheirvisitontheirwebpage.HarryAsh,fatherof16-year-oldtravelerBrian,founditreassuringtoseehisson’ssmilingfacefromhalfaworldaway.Beforetheirkidsleft,parentshadcheckedthesiteforschedulinginformation,alistofactivitiesandadviceonculturaldifferences.
Whenit’sdesignedwell,adistrict,schoolorclassroomwebsitecanchangetherelationshipbetweentheparentandtheschool,saysCynthiaLapier,Ithaca’sdirectorofinformationandinstructionaltechnology.“Themoreyoucaninvolveparentsinschool,thebetter.”Lapiersays.“Thetechnologygivesusanotherwaytoreachthem,especiallyparentsofsecondaryschoolstudents,whotendtobelessinvolved.”
IthacahighschoolphysicsteacherSteverWirtgetse-mailfromparentsregularly,somefrommomsanddadshebelievesmightotherwisenotpickupthephonewithaconcern.UsingsoftwarecalledBlackboardCourseInfo,Wirtconductsonlinechatswithhisstudentsoftenreviewingforaquizordiscussinghomeworkproblems.
Thewaythingsaregoing,bytheendofthisyear,manyparentsmaybefullyconverted—andinfactdependentupontheirschools’technologicalcapabilities.AtarecentlywiredschoolinNovi,Michigan,theschoolwebmasterwasjustafewhourslatepostingthelunch-menucalendaronthewebsite.Inthattime,morethanadozenparentscalledhimbytelephonetorequesttheinformation.“Ayearago,itneverwouldhavebeenthere,”saysCarson.“Andnowparentsarefindingit’stoughtogetbywithoutit”
6.Manyparentsnowremembertheteacher’se-mailaddressandtheschool’swebsitebecause
[A]bydoingsotheyneedn’tgotothestoretobuystationeryfortheirchildren.
[B]theycangettheinformationoftheirchildren’sschoolandtheteachers.
[C]thee-mailandthewebsitecanhelpthemfindoutwhattheirchildrendo.
[D]theycanobservehowtheInternetaffecttheirchildren’seducationeveryday.
7.Thesentence“Amajorityof…”(Line4,Para.2)meansthat
[A]theschoolsandparentsareconnectedbytheInternetsothatteacherswillleaveschool.
[B]parentscanfindoutwhathappenswiththeirchildreninschoolbyvisitingInternetandsowilltheteachers.
[C]parentsandeducatorsmaydiscoverthatschoolsarestrangebyusingcomputers.
[D]parentsnowcanteachtheirchildrenandtheteachersaretogo.
8.Accordingtothetext,whatwillbechangedmost?
[A]Therelationshipbetweenteachersandschools.
[B]Theconnectionbetweenstudentsandschools.
[C]Therelationshipbetweenparentsandschools.
[D]Theassociationbetweenwebsitesandschools.
9.TheexampleofIthacahighschoolisusedtoshow
[A]howimportanttheschoolwebsiteisforparentstobeinvolvedineducation.
[B]thattheschoolonlinecanreassuretheparentsaboutwhattheirchildrendo.
[C]howtheparentsofthestudentsgettobepartofaclasstriptoEurope.
[D]itismorelikelyforparentstosendteacherse-mailsthantophonethem.
10.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?
[A]GetReadytoGotoSchool.
[B]SpreadSchoolOnlineTechnology.
[C]StartSchoolwithaClick.
[D]BecomeSchoolWebmaster.
Thewordscienceisheardsoofteninmoderntimesthatalmosteverybodyhassomenotionofitsmeaning.Ontheotherhand,itsdefinitionisdifficultformanypeople.Themeaningofthetermisconfused,buteveryoneshouldunderstanditsmeaningandobjectives.Justtomaketheexplanationassimpleaspossible,supposescienceisdefinedasclassifiedknowledge(facts).
Eveninthetruesciencesdistinguishingfactfromfictionisnotalwayseasy.Forthisreasongreatcareshouldbetakentodistinguishbetweenbeliefsandtruths.Thereisnodangeraslongasacleardifferenceismadebetweentemporaryandprovedexplanations.Forexample,hypothesesandtheoriesareattemptstoexplainnaturalphenomena.Fromthesepositionsthescientistcontinuestoexperimentandobserveuntiltheyareprovedordiscredited.Theexactstatusofanyexplanationshouldbeclearlylabeledtoavoidconfusion.
Theobjectivesofscienceareprimarilythediscoveryandthesubsequentunderstandingoftheunknown.Man
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