考研英语一真题完整版附答案及全题解析Word格式文档下载.docx
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考研英语一真题完整版附答案及全题解析Word格式文档下载.docx
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17,theFSAsaysitisnottellingpeopletocutoutroastfoods18,butreducetheirlifetimeintake.However,its19riskscomingacrossasbeingpushyandoverprotective.Constanthealthscaresjust20withnoonelistening.
1.[A]In[B]Towards[C]On[D]Till
2.[A]match[B]express[C]satisfy[D]influence
3.[A]patience[B]enjoyment[C]surprise[D]concern
4.[A]intensified[B]privileged[C]compelled[D]guaranteed
5.[A]issued[B]received[C]compelled[D]guaranteed
6.[A]under[B]at[C]for[D]by
7.[A]forget[B]regret[C]finish[D]avoid
8.[A]partially[B]regularly[C]easily[D]initially
9.[A]Unless[B]Since[C]If[D]While
10.[A]secondary[B]external[C]conclusive[D]negative
11.[A]insufficient[B]bound[C]likely[D]slow
12.[A]Onthebasisof[B]Atthecostof[C]Inadditionto[D]Incontrastto
13.[A]interesting[B]advisable[C]urgent[D]fortunate
14.[A]Asusual[B]Inparticular[C]Bydefinition[D]Afterall
15.[A]resemblance[B]combination[C]connection[D]pattern
16.[A]made[B]served[C]saved[D]used
17.[A]Tobefair[B]Forinstance[C]Tobebrief[D]Ingeneral
18.[A]reluctantly[B]entirely[C]gradually[D]carefully
19.[A]promise[B]experience[C]campaign[D]competition
20.[A]followup[B]pickup[C]openup[D]endup.
SectionIIReadingComprehension
PartA
Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C],or[D].MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)
Text1
AgroupoflabourMPs,amongthemYvetteCooper,arebringinginthenewyearwithacalltoinstituteaUK“townofculture”award.Theproposalisthatitshouldsitalongsidetheexistingcityofculturetitle,whichwasheldbyHullin2017andhasbeenawardedtoCoventryforzoz1.CooperandhercolleaguesarguethatthesuccessofthecrownforHull,whereitbroughtin£
220mofinvestmentandanavalancheofarts,outnottobeconfinedtocities.Britain’town,itistruearenotpreventedfromapplying,buttheygenerallylacktheresourcestoputtogetherabittobeattheirbiggercompetitions.Atownofcultureawardcould,itisargued,becomeanannualevent,attractingfundingandcreatingjobs.
SomemightseetheproposalasaboobyprizeforthefactthatBritainisnolongerbeabletoapplyforthemuchmoreprestigioustitleofEuropeancapitalofculture,asough-afterawardbaggedbyGlasgowin1990andLiverpoolin2008.AcynicmightspeculatethattheUKisonthevergeofdisappearingintoanendlessfeverofself-celebrationinitsdesperationtoreinventitselfforthepost-Brexitworld:
aftertownofculture,whoknowswhatwillfollow—villageofculture?
Suburbofculture?
Hamletofculture?
Itisalsowiselorecallthatsuchtitlesarenotacure-all.Abadlyrun“yearofculture”washesinandoutofaplacelikethetide,bringingprominenceforaspellbutleavingnolastingbenefitstothecommunity.Thereallysuccessfulholdersofsuchtitlesarethosethatdoagreatdealmorethanfillhotelbedroomsandbringinhigh-profileartseventsandgoodpressforayear.Theytransformtheaspirationsofthepeoplewholivethere;
theynudgetheself-imageofthecityintoabolderandmoreoptimisticlight.Itishardtogetright,andrequiresaremarkabledegreeofvision,aswellascooperationbetweencityauthorities,theprivatesector,community.groupsandculturalorganisations.Butitcanbedone:
Glasgow’syearasEuropeancapitalofculturecancertainlybeseenasoneofcomplexseriesoffactorsthathaveturnedthecityintothepowerofart,musicandtheatrethatitremainstoday.
A“townofculture”couldbenotjustabouttheartsbutabouthonouringatown’squiddities—helpingsustainitshighstreet,supportinglocalfacilitiesandaboveallcelebratingitspeopleandturnitintoaction.
21.Cooperandhercolleaguesarguethata“townofculture”awardcould_______
[A]consolidatethetown-citytiesinBritain.
[B]promotecooperationamongBritain’stowns.
[C]increasetheeconomicstrengthofBritain’stowns.
[D]focusBritain’slimitedresourcesonculturalevents.
22.AccordingtoParagraph2,theproposalmightberegardedbysomeas
[A]asensiblecompromise.
[B]aself-deceivingattempt.
[C]aneye-catchingbonus.
[D]aninaccessibletarget.
23.Theauthorsuggeststhatatitleholderissuccessfulonlyifit
[A]endeavorstomaintainitsimage.
[B]meetstheaspirationsofitspeople.
[C]bringsitslocalartstoprominence.
[D]commitstoitslong-termgrowth.
24.GlasgowismentionedinParagraph3topresent
[A]acontrastingcase.
[B]asupportingexample.
[C]abackgroundstory.
[D]arelatedtopic.
25.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardstheproposal?
[A]Skeptical.
[B]Objective.
[C]Favorable.
[D]Critical.
Text2
Scientificpublishinghaslongbeenalicencetoprintmoney.Scientistsneedjournalsinwhichtopublishtheirresearch,sotheywillsupplythearticleswithoutmonetaryreward.Otherscientistsperformthespecialisedworkofpeerreviewalsoforfree,becauseitisacentralelementintheacquisitionofstatusandtheproductionofscientificknowledge.
Withthecontentofpaperssecuredforfree,thepublisherneedsonlyfindamarketforitsjournal.Untilthiscentury,universitylibrarieswerenotverypricesensitive.Scientificpublishersroutinelyreportprofitmarginsapproaching40%ontheiroperations,atatimewhentherestofthepublishingindustryisinanexistentialcrisis.
TheDutchgiantElsevier,whichclaimstopublish25%ofthescientificpapersproducedintheworld,madeprofitsofmorethan£
900mlastyear,whileUKuniversitiesalonespentmorethan£
210min2016toenableresearcherstoaccesstheirownpubliclyfundedresearch;
bothfiguresseemtoriseunstoppablydespiteincreasinglydesperateeffortstochangethem.
Themostdrastic,andthoroughlyillegal,reactionhasbeentheemergenceofSci-Hub,akindofglobalphotocopierforscientificpapers,setupin2012,whichnowclaimstoofferaccesstoeverypaywalledarticlepublishedsince2015.ThesuccessofSci-Hub,whichreliesonresearcherspassingoncopiestheyhavethemselveslegallyaccessed,showsthelegalecosystemhaslostlegitimacyamongisusersandmustbetransformedsothatitworksforallparticipants.
InBritainthemovetowardsopenaccesspublishinghasbeendrivenbyfundingbodies.Insomewaysithasbeenverysuccessful.MorethanhalfofallBritishscientificresearchisnowpublishedunderopenaccessterms:
eitherfreelyavailablefromthemomentofpublication,orpaywalledforayearormoresothatthepublisherscanmakeaprofitbeforebeingplacedongeneralrelease.
Yetthenewsystemhasnotworkedoutanycheaperfortheuniversities.Publishershaverespondedtothedemandthattheymaketheirproductfreetoreadersbychargingtheirwritersfeestocoverthecostsofpreparinganarticle.Theserangefromaround£
500to$5,000.Areportlastyearpointedoutthatthecostsbothofsubscriptionsandofthese“articlepreparationcosts"
hadbeensteadilyrisingatarateaboveinflation.
Insomewaysthescientificpublishingmodelresemblestheeconomyofthesocialinternet:
labourisprovidedfreeinexchangeforthehopeofstatus,whilehugeprofitsaremadebyafewbigfirmswhorunthemarketplaces.Inbothcases,weneedarebalancingofpower.
26.Scientificpublishingisseenas“alicencetoprintmoney”partlybecause
[A]itsfundinghasenjoyedasteadyincrease.
[B]itsmarketingstrategyhasbeensuccessful.
[C]itspaymentforpeerreviewisreduced.
[D]itscontentacquisitioncostsnothing.
27.AccordingtoParagraphs2and3,scientificpublishersElsevierhave
[A]thrivedmainlyonuniversitylibraries.
[B]gonethroughanexistentialcrisis.
[C]revivedthepublishingindustry.
[D]financedresearchersgenerously.
28.HowdoestheauthorfeelaboutthesuccessofSci-Hub?
[A]Relieved.
[B]Puzzled.
[C]Concerned.
[D]Encouraged.
29.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraphs5and6thatopenaccessterms.
[A]allowpublisherssomeroomtomakemoney.
[B]renderpublishingmuch
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