海明威中的硬汉形象Word格式.docx
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海明威中的硬汉形象Word格式.docx
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TheSunAlsoRises,ForWhomtheBellsTolls,theOldManandtheSea.Thesignificanceofthispaperistotalkabouttheinfluencesofthespiritofcodeherotoourmodernpeople,andwithaviewtohelpreadersgetabetterunderstandingofErnestHemingway’smasterpieces.
Thispapercanbedividedintosixparts.Thefirstpartisthebriefintroduction,thesecondpartistheliteraturereview,thethirdandfourthparttalksaboutHemingwayandcodeheroes,andanalyzehismainworksandhistoricalbackground.Thefifthpartstudiesthesignificanceofthespiritofcodeheroinourdailylife.Thelastpartfocusesonthesummaryofthispaper.
CHAPTERⅡLITERATUREREVIEW
2.1DomesticResearchSituation
Domesticcriticsusetheword“tough-guy”todescribeHemingway.Suchas,ZhaoJiaBiused“hardhearted”conceptinhispaperresearchonHemingway(1935);
AfterDongHengXunusingtheconceptof“codehero”inhispaperabriefanalysisofHemingway(1962),fromthenon“codehero”iswidelyused,anditwasregardedasthecharacterofhero.
DongHengXunalsosaid“codehero”means“someoneisunyieldingman”.Thisreferstoaman,whokeepsstrivingwhenhefacesthefailureanddangereventhedeath,maintainingthedignityoftheindividual’slonelyman(DongHengxun,135)
2.2OverseasResearchSituation
StanteyCoopermanconsiderstheoldManandtheSea“apoemofreconciliationtothemeaningandnatureofage”,maintainingthatHemingwayfailstoviewoldageinanyothertermsbutthroughthevaluesofpride,sacrifice,andenduranceandasahardeningratherthanasofteningofthequalitiesfoundinyouth(Hemingway,1965).
ThescholarAndersHallengrenwritesthatbecauseHemingwaylearnedfromPoundto"
distrustadjectives,"
hecreatedastyle"
inaccordancewiththeestheticsandethicsofraisingtheemotionaltemperaturetowardsthelevelofuniversaltruthbyshuttingthedooronsentiment,onthesubjective."
(Hallengren,Anders,2011).
CHAPTERⅢHEMINGWAYANDHISMAINWORKS
3.1ABriefIntroductionofHemingway
ErnestHemingway
(1898-1961),borninOakPark,Illinois,startedhiscareerasawriterinanewspaperofficeinKansasCityattheageofseventeen.AftertheUnitedStatesenteredtheFirstWorldWar,hejoinedavolunteerambulanceunitintheItalianarmy.Servingatthefront,hewaswounded,wasdecoratedbytheItalianGovernment,andspentconsiderabletimeinhospitals.Hewaswoundedmanytimesandexperiencedatleast12operationswhichtookout237steelfragments.Allthesedidn’tdefeatHemingway.Stillheindulgedhimselfinfishinghuntingandbull-fightingfromwhichhepursuedthrillingscenesandenjoyedhimselfinfighting.Hemingwaysufferedmuchillnessandinjuryandhecommittedsuicideatlast.Buthissuicidecannotshowhewastimidandpessimistic.Onthecontrary,hesetuponimageofbraverbecauseheregardedhisillnessandinjuryashis“enemy”suchasthenature.Heusedhislifeasaweaponinordertogetridofhis“enemy”hewouldratherchoosetodie.Heandhis“enemy”endedincommonruin.AfterhisreturntotheUnitedStates,hebecameareporterforCanadianandAmericannewspapersandwassoonsentbacktoEuropetocoversucheventsastheGreekRevolution.Hewasanovelistandshortstorywriterwhobecameoneofthebest-knownAmericanauthorsinhiscentury.HewasregardedasagiantbothinAmericanliteratureandtheworldliterature.Forthestyleoflivingasanadultandthefactthathisbooksaboundinsportstermsarepartlytraceabletohisearlylifethatheintroducedanewtypeofcharacterinwritingcalledthe“CodeHero”.Hisvarietyofinterest,especiallytheloveoffishingextremelyaffectedallhislifeandhedrewmuchwritinginspirationfromhisfishingexperiences.Inhisnovelsthecodeheroeswhostrugglewiththemixtureoftheirtragicfaultsandthesurroundingenvironment.Moreover,Hemingway’screationnotonlyoriginatedfromlife,truetolifebutsuperiortolife.Hemingwayisarealismwriterconsequentlycopiedsomethingmechanically.Duringthetwenties,HemingwaybecameamemberofthegroupofexpatriateAmericansinParis,whichhedescribedinhisfirstimportantwork,
TheSunAlsoRises
(1926).HemingwayusedhisexperiencesasareporterduringthecivilwarinSpainasthebackgroundforhismostambitiousnovel,
ForWhomtheBellTolls
(1940).Amonghislaterworks,themostoutstandingistheshortnovel,
TheOldManandtheSea
(1952),thestoryofanoldfisherman'
sjourney,hislongandlonelystrugglewithafishandthesea,andhisvictoryindefeat.
InHemingway’snearlysixty-twoyears’literarycareer,hehadbeentryinghardtogethisstyleof“icebergtheory”.Hedidn’tlayspecialemphasisbyhisinnerbeauty.AccordingtoHemingway,goodliterarywritingshouldbeabletomakereadersfeeltheemotionofthecharactersdirectlyandthebestwaytoproducetheeffectistosetdownexactlyeveryparticularkindoffeelingwithoutauthorialcomments,withoutconventionallyemotivelanguage,andwithabareminimumofadjectivesandadverbs,seeminglysimpleandnatural.ManypeoplebelievethatthenovelisaboutthelifeofHemingwayhimself.BecausesomepartsofthestorydorelatetowhatHemingwayhasexperiencedinhislife.In1953,ErnestHemingwayreceivesthePulitzerPrizefortheoldandthesea.
3.2ThePlotofTheSunAlsoRise
The
protagonistof
isJakeBarnes,anexpatriateAmericanjournalistlivinginParis.Jakesuffereda
warwoundthatlefthimimpotent;
thenatureofhisinjuryisnotexplicitlydescribed.HeisinlovewithLadyBrettAshley,atwice-divorcedEnglishwoman.Brett,withher
bobbedhairandnumerousloveaffairs,embodiesthenewsexualfreedomofthe1920s.
TheBookOneissetinthe
coffeesociety
ofParis.Intheopeningscenes,JakeplaystenniswithhiscollegefriendRobertCohn,andmetBrett.Later,BretttellsJakesheloveshim,buttheybothknowthattheyhavenochanceatastablerelationship.
InBookTwo,JakeisjoinedbyBillGorton,recentlyarrivedfromNewYork,andBrett'
sfiancé
MikeCampbell,whoarrivesfromScotland.JakeandBilltravelsouthandmeetRobertCohnat
Bayonne
forafishingtripinthehillsnortheastof
Pamplona.Insteadoffishing,CohnstaysinPamplonatowaitfortheoverdueBrettandMike.CohnhadanaffairwithBrettafewweeksearlierandstillfeelspossessiveofherdespiteherengagementtoMike.TheyrejointhegroupinPamplonawheretheybegintodrinkheavily.Cohn'
spresenceisincreasinglyresentedbytheothers,whotaunthimwith
anti-semiticremarks.Duringthefiestathecharactersdrink,eat,watchthe
runningofthebullsattendbullfights,andbickerwitheachother.JakeintroducesBretttothe19-year-oldmatadorRomeroattheHotelMontoya;
sheissmittenwithhimandseduceshim.Thejealoustensionamongthemenbuilds—Jake,Campbell,Cohn,andRomeroeachloveBrett.Cohn,whohadbeenachampionboxerincollege,hasfistfightswithJake,Mike,andRomero,whomhebeatsup.Despitehisinjuries,Romerocontinuestoperformbrilliantlyinthebullring.
BookThreeshowsthecharactersintheaftermathofthefiesta.Soberagain,theyleavePamplona;
BillreturnstoParis,MikestaysinBayonne,andJakegoestoSanSebastiá
ninnortheasternSpain.AsJakeisabouttoreturntoParis,hereceivesa
telegramfromBrettaskingforhelp;
shehadgoneto
Madrid
withRomero.Hefindsherthereinacheaphotel,withoutmoney,andwithoutRomero.SheannouncesshehasdecidedtogobacktoMike.ThenovelendswithJakeandBrettinataxispeakingofthethingsthatmighthavebeen.
3.3ThePlotofForWhomtheBellTolls
Thisnovelistoldprimarilythroughthethoughtsandexperiencesoftheprotagonist,RobertJordan.ThecharacterwasinspiredbyHemingway'
sownexperiencesintheSpanishCivilWarasareporterfortheNorthAmericanNewspaperAlliance.RobertJordanisanAmericanintheInternationalBrigadeswhotravelstoSpaintoopposethe
fascistforcesof
FranciscoFranco.Asanexperienceddynamiter,hewasorderedbyacommunistRussiangeneraltotravelbehindenemylinesanddestroyabridgewiththeaidofabandoflocalantifascist
guerrillas,inordertopreventenemytroopsfrombeingabletorespondtoanupcomingoffensive.(TheSovietUnionaidedandadvisedtheRepublicansagainstthefascistsintheSpanishCivilWar.Similarly,Hitler'
sNazisandMussolini'
sItalyprovidedFrancowithmilitaryaid.)Intheircamp,RobertJordanencountersMarí
a,ayoungSpanishwomanwhoselifehadbeenshatteredbytheexecutionofherparentsandherrapeatthehandsofthefalangis(partofthefascistcoalition)attheoutbreakofthewar.HisstrongsenseofdutyclasheswithbothguerrillaleaderPablo'
sunwillingnesstocommittoanoperationthatwouldendangerhimselfandhisband,andhisnewfoundlustforlifewhicharisesoutofhis
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