Comparison of Education between UK and USAWord格式文档下载.docx
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Comparison of Education between UK and USAWord格式文档下载.docx
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Theprosperityofanationdependsonthedevelopmentofeducation.Anydevelopmentinscienceandtechnologythroughouttheworldisduetothedevelopmentofeducationwhichbringsupscientistsandinventors.Itisdifficulttoemphasizewhatanimportantroletheeducationhasplayed.Thereisnodoubtthatcountrieswithundevelopededucationwillremainpoor.Educationisalsovitaltothedevelopmentofanindividual.Amongallelementsofsuccessinourcareers,wecansay,noneismoreimportantthaneducation.Itisnotgeniusbuttheknowledgethatmakesthedifferencebetweensuccessandfailure.
ItcannotbedeniedthattheeducationofGreatBritainandtheUnitedStatesbothrepresenttheleadingeducationalleveloftheworld.AclearcomparisonoftheeducationsystembetweenGreatBritainandtheUnitedStatescanentitleusaprofoundunderstandingofeducationandabundantexperienceofit.
EducationConsciousness
Whenwehavelearnedtheimportanceofeducation,wewillbesuretoemphasizetheawarenessofbeingeducated.Inthisaspect,GreatBritainandtheUnitedStatesshareagreatcommongroundthatbothofthemattachplentiesofimportancetotheeducation.
GreatBritainissaidtobethecradlelandofmodernuniversity.UKuniversitieshaveaninternationalreputationforhighqualityteaching,researchandresources,withsomeoftheworld'
stopuniversitiesinEngland,NorthernIreland,ScotlandandWales.TheeducationofGreatBritainhighlyclaimsitswatchwords----TheBestYouCanBe,whichindicatestheirdeepfaithineducationandfirmpursuitofeducationservice.
Generallyspeaking,theeducationisconsideredastheprocessforteacherstoimpartknowledgetostudentsandtheactforstudentstoacquireknowledge.However,educationisconcernednotonlywithteachingandlearningbasicskills,butalsowiththepassing-onofthecultureandvaluesofsocietybecauseeducationinfluencesandreflectsthevaluesofsociety,andthekindofsocietywhichwewanttobe.Atthesametime,educationcanenableustorespondpositivelytotheopportunitiesandchallengesoftherapidlychangingworldinwhichweliveandwork.Inparticular,weneedtobepreparedtoengageasindividuals,parents,workersandcitizenswitheconomic,socialandculturalchange,includingthecontinuedglobalisationoftheeconomyandsociety,withnewworkandleisurepatternsandwiththerapidexpansionofcommunicationtechnologies.
Britisheducationaimsathelpingstudentstodeveloptheirownpersonalskills,acquirecorrectworldoutlooks,philosophyoflifeandvaluesandimprovetheirownquality.Asthus,studentscanmakepositivecontributiontosociety.Thedevelopmentofsocietywillsurelyattainsgreatprogress.Therefore,educationisofgreatsignificancetotheprogressofindividualsandsociety.
IntheUnitedStates,theeducationisregardedasbothanindividualbenefitandasocialnecessarity.Thepurposeofeducationinanysocietyisthesocializationofyouthintotheprevailingculture.Ontheonehand,schoolingprovidestheindividualwithkindsofcompetenciesnecessaryfortheadequateperformanceofsocialroles.Ontheotherhand,schoolingservestointegrateindividualsintosocietybyinstitutionalizingdominantvalue,normandbeliefsystem.Itisindividualswhomakeupthesociety.Thereforethesocietyimproveswiththeimprovementoftheindividualswhomakeitup.Theseeducationalsystemsarefundamentaltotheimprovementofanyindividualandthestabilityofanysociety.
ItisageneralviewthateveryAmerianhastherightandobligationtobeeducated.Americansbelievethatthrougheducation,anindividualacquirestheknowledge,skills,attitutesandabilitieswhichwillenablehimtofitthesocietyanddevelopthenationalstrength.Veryoften,theylooktoeducationasthecauseofpersonalandnationalsuccessandthecureofsocialandeconomicills,holdingtheviewthatthefutureofthenationdependslargelyoneducation.
Becausebothofthempaylotsofattentiontotheeducation,thecompulsoryeducationofthetwocountriesstartsveryearly.InGreatBritain,allofthechildrenhavetogotoschoolbetweentheagesof5and16.AndintheUnitedStatestheagesforcompulsoryeducationvarybystate,butgenerallybeginatages5to8.Agrowingnumberofstatesarenowrequiringschoolattendanceuntiltheageof18.What’smore,theeducationinGreatBritaincanbedividedintoprimaryeducation,secondaryeducation,andhighereducation.Similarly,intheUnitedStates,theeducationconsistsofelementaryeducation,secondaryeducationandhighereducation.
Educationmanagementsystem
Ingeneral,theSecretaryofStateforEducationhasoverallresponsibilityforschoolandpostschooleducationinEngland,andalsothesecretairesofStateforScotland,WaleseandNorthernIrelandexercisesimilarresponsibilitiesinthosecountries.Thegovernmenteducationdepartmentsformulateeducationpoliciesandarealsoresponsibleforthesupplyandtrainingofteachers.Moststateschooleducationistheresponsibilityoflocaleducationauthorities;
therestisprovidedbyself-governinggrantmaintainedschools.Localeducationauthoritiesareresponsibleforthepaymentofteachersandotherstaffandtheprovisionofadequateeducationalfacilitiesintheirareas.
Intheaspectofeducationlegislation,British'
seducationsystemisentirelyundercontrolofaseriesofcomplexdocumentsandthedisposalincludedinActofParliament.Amongthem,EducationAct1944,EducationReformActof1988,EducationAct1992,andEducationAct1993remainuppermost.
TheEducationReformActof1988enhancesthecontrolofeducationbyimplementingtheNationalCurriculumandNationalTesting,andestablishinggrantmaintainedschools.Inaddition,theintroductionofEducationAct1992hasmarkedthereformationofsupervisionsystem.ItclearlyprovidesthatallschoolsofEnglandarerequiredofregularsupervision.ThelawalsoestablishestheOfficeforStandardsinEducation,whichisthenon-ministerialgovernmentdepartmentofHerMajesty'
sChiefInspectorofSchoolsInEnglandandresposiblefornationalsupervisionandassessment.
TheAmericaneducationsystemappearstohaveagreatdiaparity,althoughitplacesmushweightoneducationlegislation.Becauseofthecountry’shistoryandculturalvalues,nonationaleducationsystemornationalcurriculumexistsintheUnitedStates.DiversityisconsideredtobeanoutstandingcharacteristicofAmericaneducation.Thiscanbeseennotonlyinthetype,sizeandcontroloftheinstitutions,buteducationalpoliciesandpractices.UndertheTenthAmendmenttotheUnitedStatesConstitution,educationisincludedamongtheresponsibilitieswhichwere“reservedtothestatesorthepeople”.Thismakesitclearthateducationisafunctionofthestate,notthefederalgovernment.Thefederalgovernmentdoesnotoperateschoolsatall.
ThereisnotanationalsystemofeducationintheUnitedStates.Thefederalgovernmentinfluenceseducationandcontributesfinanciallytoitsdevelopment,butithasnocontrolovereducationalpolicyandpracticeacrossthestates.Itisthestatethatestablishespoliciesfortheeducationwithinitsboundary.Eachofthe50stateshasitsownDepartmentofEducation,whichsetsguidelinesfortheschoolsofthatstate.MostofthecontrolofAmericanschoolsisinthehandsofeachlocalschooldistrict.Eachschooldistrictisgovernedbyaschoolboard,asmallcommitteeofpeopleelectedbythelocalcommunity.Theschoolboardsetsgeneralpoliciesfortheschooldistrict.
CourseOffering
Asisknowntoall,courseisthecarrierofeducation.Inordertoimpartknowledgetostudents,teachersshoulddoitthroughcourses.Thathowthecoursesareofferedwillcertainlyimpactonthequalityofeducation.Therefore,itisofgreatimportancetorecogniseabroadsetofcourseofferings.
AccordingtotheEducationReformAct1988,theUnitedKingdomhavechangedtheirhistoryofnodecisionineducationcurriculuminschool,andbeguntoimplementa"
NationalCurriculum"
inthecountry.IthasbeenintroducedintoEngland,WalesandNorthernIrelandasanationwidecurriculumforprimaryandsecondarystateschools.Notwithstandingitsname,itdoesnotapplytoIndependentSchools,whichbydefinitionarefreetosettheirowncurriculum,butitensuresthatstateschoolsofallLocalEducationAuthoritieshaveacommoncurriculum.
TheNationalCurriculumsecuresforallpupils,irrespectiveofsocialbackground,culture,race,gender,differencesinabilityanddisabilities,anentitlementtoanumberofareasoflearningandtodevelopknowledge,understanding,skillsandattitudesnecessaryfortheirself-fulfilmentanddevelopmentasactiveandresponsiblecitizens.Inaddition,itmakesexpectationsforlearningandattainmentexplicittopupils,parents,teachers,governors,employersandthepublic,andestablishesnationalstandardsfortheperformanceofallpupilsinthesubjectsitincludes.Thesestandardscanbeusedtosettargetsforimprovement,measureprogresstowardsthosetargets,andmonitorandcompareperformancebetweenindividuals,groupsandschools.
Moreover,theNationalCurriculumhascontributedtoacoherentnationalframeworkthatpromotescurriculumcontinuityandissufficientlyflexibletoensureprogressioninpupils'
learning.Itfacilitatesthetransitionofpupilsbetweenschoolsandphasesofeducationandprovidesafoundationforlifelonglearning.Furthermore,italsoincreasespublicunderstandingof,andconfidencein,theworkofschoolsandinthelearningandachievementsresul
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