themeparkWord文档格式.docx
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themeparkWord文档格式.docx
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Bobbejaanland,Belgium
Europa-Park,Germany
SleepingBeautyCastleatDisneyland.Disneylandisathemeparkwhererides,showsandattractionsareorganizedanddecoratedaroundcertainthemesinsteadofbeingseparatelydesignedanddecorated,likeatanamusementpark.
Amusementparkisthegenerictermforacollectionofridesandotherentertainmentattractionsassembledforthepurposeofentertainingalargegroupofpeople.Anamusementparkismoreelaboratethanasimplecityparkorplayground,usuallyprovidingattractionsmeanttocatertoadults,teenagers,andsmallchildren.Athemeparkisatypeofamusementparkwhichhasbeenbuiltaroundoneormorethemes,suchasanAmericanWesttheme,orAtlantis.Today,thetermsamusementparksandthemeparksareoftenusedinterchangeably.
AmusementparksevolvedinEuropefromfairsandpleasuregardenswhichwerecreatedforpeople’srecreation.Theoldestamusementparkoftheworld(opened1583)isBakken,atKlampenborg,northofCopenhagen,Denmark.IntheUnitedStates,world'
sfairsandexpositionswereanotherinfluenceondevelopmentoftheamusementparkindustry.[1]
Mostamusementparkshaveafixedlocation,ascomparedtotravelingfunfairsandcarnivals.Thesetemporarytypesofamusementparks,areusuallypresentforafewdaysorweeksperyear,suchasfunfairsintheUnitedKingdom,andcarnivals(temporarilysetupinavacantlotorparkinglots)andfairs(temporarilyoperatedinafairground)intheUnitedStates.Thetemporarynatureofthesefairshelpstoconveythefeelingthatpeopleareinadifferentplaceortime.
Oftenathemeparkwillhavevarious'
lands'
(sections)oftheparkdevotedtotellingaparticularstory.Non-themeamusementparkrideswillusuallyhavelittleintermsofthemingoradditionaldesignelementswhileinathemeparkalltheridesgoallwiththethemeofthepark,forexampleMagicKingdominWaltDisneyWorld.
Themodernamusementpark
TheBlackgangChineamusementpark,establishedin1843byVictorianentrepreneurAlexanderDabell,ontheIsleofWight,UKcanbeconsideredtheoldestexistingthemeparkintheworld.ThefirstamusementparkonConeyIsland,SeaLionParkwasbuiltaroundanauticaltheme.Today,centralFloridaandmostnotablyOrlandoboastsmorethemeparksthananyotherworldwidedestination.ThenortheasternUSAregion,mostnotablyPennsylvania,isnowahotbedoftraditionalsurvivingamusementparks.InitstruesttraditionalformisConneautLakeParkinConneautLake,Pennsylvania.OthersincludeKennywoodinWestMifflin,Pennsylvania,IdlewildParkinLigonier,Pennsylvania,LakemontParkinAltoona,Pennsylvania,DorneyParkinAllentown,Pennsylvania,andWaldameerParkinErie,Pennsylvania.
Modernamusementparksnowrundifferentlythanthoseofyearspast.Amusementparksareusuallyownedbyalargecorporateconglomeratewhichallowscapitalinvestmentunknownbythetraditionalfamily-ownedparks.StartingwithDisneylandinthe1950s,theparkexperiencebecamepartofalargerpackage,reflectedinatelevisionshow,movies,lunchboxes,actionfiguresandfinallyparkridesandcostumedcharactersthatmakeupthe"
theme."
Theseparksofferaworldwithnoviolenceorsocialproblems.Thethrillsofthethemeparksareoftenobscuredfromtheoutsidebyhighfencesorbarriersre-enforcingthefeelingofescape,theyarekeptcleanandnewthrillridesarefrequentlyaddedtokeeppeoplecomingback.Inadditiontothisexperience,thethemeparkiseitherbasedonacentralthemeor,dividedintoseveraldistinctlythemedareas,landsor"
spaces."
Largeresorts,suchasWaltDisneyWorldinFlorida(UnitedStates),actuallyhouseseveraldifferentthemeparkswithintheirconfines.
Family-ownedthemeparks
Somethemeparksdidevolvefrommoretraditionalamusementparkenterprises,suchasKnott'
sBerryFarm.Inthe1920s,WalterKnottandhisfamilysoldberriesfromaroadsidestand,whichgrewtoincludearestaurantservingfriedchickendinners.Withinafewyears,linesoutsidetherestaurantwereoftenseveralhourslong.Toentertainthewaitingcrowds,WalterbuiltaGhostTownin1940,usingbuildingsrelocatedfromrealoldwesttownssuchastheCalico,CaliforniaghosttownandPrescott,Arizona.In1968,theKnottfamilyfencedthefarm,chargedadmissionforthefirsttime,andKnott'
sBerryFarmofficiallybecameanamusementpark.Becauseofitslonghistory,Knott'
sBerryFarmcurrentlyclaimstobe"
America'
sFirstThemePark."
Knott'
sBerryFarmisnowownedbyCedarFairEntertainmentCompany.LakeCompounceinBristol,ConnecticutmaybethetrueoldestcontinuouslyoperatingamusementparkintheUnitedStates,opensince1846.SantaClausTown,whichopenedinSantaClaus,Indianain1935andincludedSanta'
sCandyCastleandotherSantaClaus-themedattractions,isconsideredthefirstthemedattractionintheUnitedStates:
apre-cursortothemoderndaythemepark.SantaClausLand(renamedHolidayWorldin1984)openedin1946inSantaClaus,IndianaandmanypeoplewillarguethatitwasthefirsttrueThemeParkdespiteKnott'
shistory.Inthe1950’stheHerschendfamilytookoveroperationofthetouristattraction,MarvelCavenearBranson,Missouri.Overthenextdecadetheymodernizedthecave,whichledtolargenumbersofpeoplewaitingtotakethetour.TheHerschendfamilyopenedarecreationoftheoldminingtownthatonceexistedatopMarvelCave.Thesmallvillageeventuallybecamethethemepark,SilverDollarCity.TheparkisstillownedandoperatedbytheHerschendsandthefamilyhasseveralotherparksincludingDollywood,CelebrationCityandWildAdventures.
Otherthemeparksinclude:
Children'
sFairylandinOakland,California.AnothervariationofthethemeparkweretheanimalparksthatreintroducedtheconceptofSeaLionParksuchasMarinelandofthePacificwhichopenedin1954whichpavedthewayforSeaWorldparkswhicheventuallyaddedthrillrides.
GermanyPavilion,partoftheEpcotthemeparkatWaltDisneyWorldResortinFlorida
Disneylandandthecorporate-ownedpark
WaltDisney,however,isoften[citationneeded]creditedwithhavingoriginatedtheconceptofthethemedamusementpark,althoughhewasobviouslyinfluencedbyTivoliGardensinCopenhagenandDeEfteling,NetherlandstowhichWaltwasaregularvisitor.DisneytooktheseinfluencesandmeldedthemwiththepopularDisneyanimatedcharactersandhisuniquevision,and"
Disneyland"
wasborn.DisneylandofficiallyopenedinAnaheim,Californiain1955andchangedtheamusementindustryforever.KeytothedesignprocessofDisney'
snewparkwasthereplacementofarchitectswithartdirectorsfromthefilmindustry.
TheyearsinwhichDisneylandopenedwereasortofstopgapperiodfortheamusementparkindustry[citationneeded],asmanyoftheolder,traditionalamusementparkshadalreadyclosedandmanywereclosetoclosingtheirdoors.CedarPointwassettobetorndowninthe1950swhenlocalbusinesspeoplewereintriguedbythesuccessofDisneylandandsaveditfromdestruction.Otherparkswerenotaslucky,withSteeplechaseParkatConeyIslandclosingin1964;
RiverviewPark,Chicago,Illinois,closedin1967.SometraditionalparkswereabletoborrowapagefromDisneylandandusetelevisiontoitsadvantage,suchasKennywood,aparkstartedin1898andcontinuingtooperatetothepresentwhichusedtelevisionadvertisingandfeaturedtelevisionpersonalitiesatthepark.
Thefirstregionalthemepark,aswellasthefirstSixFlagspark,SixFlagsoverTexaswasofficiallyopenedin1961inArlington,TexasnearDallas[citationneeded].ThefirstSixFlagsthemeparkwasthevisionofAngusWynne,Jr.andhelpedcreatethemodern,competitivethemeparkindustry.By1968,thesecondSixFlagspark,SixFlagsOverGeorgia,opened,andin1971,SixFlagsOverMid-America(nowSixFlagsSt.Louis)openednearSt.Louis,Missouri.Alsoin1971wastheopeningoftheWaltDisneyWorldresortcomplexinFlorida,whichisstillthelargestthemeparkandresortcomplexintheworld[citationneeded].
Duringthe1970s,thethemeparkindustrystartedtomatureasacombinationofrevitalized[citationneeded]traditionalamusementparksandnewventuresfundedbylargercorporationsemerged.MagicMountain(nowaSixFlagspark)openedinValencia,California.RegionalparkssuchasCedarPointandKingsIsland,popularamusementparksinOhio,movedtowardsthemoremodernthemepark-conceptaswellasrotatingnewrollercoastersandmodernthrillrides.Alsoduringthemid-1970s,MarriottCorporationbuilttwoidenticalthemeparksnamed"
GreatAmerica"
innorthernCaliforniaandIllinois.TheformerisnowCalifornia'
sGreatAmericaandisownedbyCedarFair,L.P.,whichnowalsoownsKingsIslandandCedarPoint;
andthelatterisnowSixFlagsGreatAmerica.ManythemeparkswerehitbadlybytheAraboilembargoof1973andanumberofplannedthemeparkswerescrappedduringthistime.Mostoftoday’smajoramusementparkswerebuiltinthe1970s.
Perhapsthemostindirectevolutionofanattractionintoafull-fledgedthemeparkisthatofUniversalStudiosHollywood.OriginallyjustabacklottramridetouroftheactualstudiosinHollywood,California,thetrainridethatstartedin1964slowlyevolvedintoalargerattractionwithawesternstuntshowin1967,"
ThePartingoftheRedSea"
in1973,alookatpropsfromthemovieJawsin1975,andthe"
ConantheBarbarian"
showin1984.By1985,themoderneraoftheUniversalStudiosHollywoodthemeparkbeganwiththe"
KingKong"
rideand,in1990,UniversalStudiosFloridainOrlandoopened.UniversalStudiosisnowthethird-largestthemeparkcom
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