An Analysis of the Old Man and the SeaWord格式文档下载.docx
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An Analysis of the Old Man and the SeaWord格式文档下载.docx
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ErnestHemingwaytheOldManandtheSeaSantiago,writingstyleinfluence
Abstract:
ErnestHemingwaywasafamousAmericannovelist.HewasamythinhisowntimeandinAmericanliterature.HewasaglamorousherowhosestyleofliteratureisveryingeniousandverypopularinEuropeandAmerican.In1954,HemingwaygottheNobelPrizeforliteratureaccordingtohisthegreatworktheOldManandtheSea.Thisessayanalyzessimplythe“writer”,“theimage,spiritandthecharacterofSantiago”,“theinternalmeaning”,"
thestyleofliteratureandinfluence"
ofHemingway‘smasterpiecetheOldManandtheSea,aimingtounderstandthebookdeeply.
I.IntroductionThewriter
ErnestHemingway(1898-1961)isaremarkablewriter.HewasbornonJuly21st,1899atOakPark,Illinois,nearChicagoinAmerican.Influencedbyhisfatherwhowasasuccessfulphysicianwitharelishforhuntingandfishing,helovedtheoutdoorsfromchildhood.Inhischildhood,hewasinterestinhunting,fishingandsoon.Hisvarietyofinterestsespeciallythelovefishingalmostfollowedallhislifeandhadimportantinfluencesonhiswritinginspirationandhelpstodevelophisspecialpersonality.Helovedtotakeadventures.HewenttoEuropetotakepartinWorldWarI.HejoinedavolunteerambulanceunitinFrance,gainedtransfertotheItalianfront,sufferedseriousinjuriesbuthadsurvived.In1922hesettledinPariswasfamousinthe1920s.Disillusionedbythelossoffaithandhope,theexpatriateintellectualsgroupinParis,whoreplacedformeridealsandvaluesonlybydespairoracynicalhedonism,formedthebackgroundofhisfirstmajornovel—TheSunAlsoRisespublishedin1926,whenhewasonly26yearsold.ThebookdealswiththelivingattitudeofthepostwargenerationespeciallythosewhothoughtthatlifewasnothingandmeaninglessandHemingwaybecamearepresentativeofthe“LostGeneration”.Hemingway’swritingcareerbeganinhighschoolandcontinueduntilhisdeathin1961andbeyond,withseveralofhisworkspublishedposthumouslywhenTheOldManandTheSeaappearedin1952,hehadbeenaninternationalliterarycelebrityformorethanaquarterofacentury.
2.Theplotofthestory
TheOldManandtheSea,forwhichHemingwaywasawardedtheNovelPrizesforliterature,isoneofthemostinfluentialnovelsoftheliterarytreasureoftheworld.Itissowidelyreadthatpeopleconsiderthatwhereverthereisanintellectual,peopleknowHemingwaywithoutknowinghisworkTheOldManandtheSea.ThisverysimplewrittennovelhasdescribedasoneofErnestHemingway’sbestclassicalbook.Famouslyknownforhistautandshortsentences,Hemingwaycreatedaninterestinganduniquestyleofwritingthatstillfascinatesreaderstoday.ThisnovelisverydirectwiththestoryofSantiago,anoldCubanfishermanthathasbeenunluckywithtryingtocatchfish.AyoungmannamedMandolinisalmostlikeasontohimandtriestohelphimonhissmallboatcalledaskiff.AlthoughSantiago’sluckcontinuestodwindledown,Mandolindidn’tloseheart.Hethoughttheoldmanwillsucceedatlast,sohecontinuestohelptheman.Eventhoughhungerpervadeshimandmoneyisnotavailable,MandolinmakessurethatSantiagohasfoodandblanketstosleepon.Thisnovelexploresmanversusnature,internalconflictand,asisevidentinotherofHemingway’sliteraturewars,thethemeofbeingcourageous.WithSantiago’sstruggletocatchthemarlinandhisjourneyhome,Santiago’scourageisobviousashefacestheseoddsthatjustdon’tseemtoend.Hedoesnotgiveupandeventhoughhefeelshehasbeenveryunlucky,thereishopeinstilledwithinhimtokeepgoingon.Heisdestroyedbutnotdefeated.
Ⅱ.AnalysisoftheOldManandtheSeaTheimage,characterandspiritofSantiago
Asweallknow,theworldofHemingwayischaracteristicallyviolentbrutal,theworldofwar,ofcrime,ofdissipation,ofthebullringandprizeringofbiggamehuntinganddeepseafishing,itisalsoaworldoffailure.Thetypicalcharacteralwaysstandingsundertheshadowofruin.Butitisjustinthissituationtowhichmanhastofaceamanshouldconducthimselfwellinthelosingbattleandthatislife.
TheoldfishermanSantiagointheOldManandtheSeaisthefinestandthebestknownofHemingway’sheroes.Themostimportantthingabouthimisthathebehavesperfectlyhonorably,withgreatcourageandendurance.
Hemingwaysucceedinrevealingtheoutstandingqualitiesoftheoldman—self-confidence.⑵Theoldmanisthinandgaunt,hehasdeepwrinkles,discoloredclothes,buthiseyesareperhapsthekeytohissoul.Itisclearthathehasoptimisticnature.Hemustbeverydisappointedwhilehedoesnotlosehope.⑵Instead,heisself-confidentofcatchingabigfishthefollowingday.Itishopeandstrongbeliefthatencouragehimtopersistingoingfishing.Henolongerdreamedofstorms,fights,contests.Heonlydreamedofplacesnowandoftheliononthebeach.Heisoldnowandhisyouthorstrengthisleftbehindhim.Hisdreamgiveshimbraveness,then,thebookdescribesthedetailedprocesswhentheoldfished.Allaboveshowstheoldmanissteadfast.
Thesecondpartofthenovelbeginswiththeearlymorningofthelastday,hopefully,theoldmansailssilentlyontheblacksea.Itisveryallaround.Heenjoysthebeautyofnature,withoutconsideringthedisappointmentofpreviousdays.Tohim,anewdayisanewstart.Thisisakindofpuredoctrinewhicheverflourishedinancienttimes.Also,ittakesaratherimportantpositioninAmericanliterature.Theoldmanbelievesinsimplicity.Heissimplydressedandsailsaloneonthesea,notusingmoderntools,neitheramapnoracompass.
Fortunatelythemancaughtagiantfishontheafternoonofthatday,heregardsthefishashisbrother,buthehastokillit.Duringthefightingtheoldmanthoughtofthepast,bydescribingtheprocessofhisfishingthemarlin,HemingwayshowsusanothercharacteristicofSantiagoasatoughman.Thatis,todisplaygreattenacityandtoshowthedeath-defyingspiritintheactualbattle.Santiagofoughtwiththemarlin,whichisimmenseandstrong.Santiagoandthemarlinneithersideisreadytoyield.Aftertwodays,hemanagestokillthemarlinwithhisspear.Heisextremelytriedbecausehecontinuestofightsandoneneithergivesup.Intheoldman’sattitudetothefishthereisthetypethegallantryandheroismthatHemingwayadmires.
ThecharacterofSantiagoiscomplexinnovel.Firstly,theoldmanispresentedasabraveandcourageousman.Hereachestheseawherenobodyhasevertriedbefore.Surroundedbydarkness,latentgeographicaldangers,fiercebirdsandsharkswhichmaydestroyhimatanymoment,herowshisboatontheseafortwodaysandtwonights,reallyauniqueanddaringjourney.Evenwhenheistooexhaustedandhasnogaffandharpoontokilltheswampofsharks,hisbraveryisnotshattered.Hestillmakesuseofhisstrengthandwisdomtoboathome.
Secondly,Santiagoisamanofgreatwisdom,⑸whichsometimescompensatesforcurrents:
heknowswhenthehurricanewillarisebylookingattheclouds;
heusessaltwatertomakingbaitsandeatingofwhiteintheoldman’swisdomsothatheisabletotacklecourage.Santiago’slifelongexperienceprovideshimbountifulresourcesofwisdomsothatheisabletotackleallsituations,whatevertheymayappeartobe.⑸
Thirdly,SantiagoisamanofdignityforwhichHemingwayshowshisgreatinterestandpraise.Totheoldman,aman’smostimportantqualityishisdignity.Heshouldsafeguarditforallhislifeandundernocircumstancecanbehetakesitlightly.Hehasconfidenceonfishinganddignityofhimself;
heisseriousofhisdignity.Whenthestorydevelops,wearegraduallyledtoseethewisdomandactionshetakestoprotecthisdignity.
Inaddition,theoldmanisnotasainthehashisweaknessofuncertaintyanddifference.Heisdriventhroughthetwoopposingforcesbetweencertaintyanduncertainty,confidenceanddifference.Thisisbestpresentedinhislongmonologueasheisfightingwiththemarlinandthesharks.Theoldmansometimesfeelsheneedscompaniontogivehimconfidenceandcertaintyabouthimself.Hismentioningoftheboyseveraltimesprovesthathefindshisweaknessanduncertaintygrowingoutofhisstrengthsandweakness.
Inaworld,whenHemingwaycreatestheimageofSantiago,amanofbravery,wisdom,dignityanddiffience,hepurposefullymakestheoldmandifferentbothfrompeopleofhisageandalltimes,justasthetextsays,“Therearemanygoodfishermanandsomegreatones.Butthereisonlyyou.”
2.Theinternalmeaning
TheOldManandtheSeamaybereadonmorethanonelevelofmeaning.Ononehanditisanexcitingbuttragicadventurestory.Sustainedbytheprideofhiscalling,theonlypridehehasleft,abrokenoldfishermanventuresfaroutintotheGulfStreamandtheirhooksthebiggermarlineverseeninthosewaters.Then,aloneandexhaustedbyhisstruggletoharpoonthegiantfish,heisforcedintoalosingbattlewithmaraudingsharks;
theyleavehimnothingbuttheskeletonofhiscatch.
Onanotherlevelthebookisafableoftheunconquerablespiritofman,acreaturecapableofsnatchingspiritualvictoryformcircumstancesofdisasterandmaterialdefeat.Hemingway’sheroasaperfectionistmantellus:
Tobeamanistobehavewithhonoradignity,nottosuccumbtosuffering,toacceptone’sdutieswithoutcomplaint,andmostimportantlytohavemaximumself-control.Attheendofthestoryhementions,“Amanisnotmadefordefeat,amancanbedestroyedbutnot
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