湛江市届普通高考测试题一英语Word格式文档下载.docx
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湛江市届普通高考测试题一英语Word格式文档下载.docx
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上将该项涂黑。
A
Capuchinmonkeysusuallymakealotofnoisewhentheyfindfood.Theyshriekandyellandscreamandgrunt.Theyarelettingtheirfamiliesknowwherethefoodis.
Oneday,Dr.MarioDiBitetti,ascientist,sawamonkeykeepquietwhenitfoundfood.Themonkeydidn'
tlettheothermonkeysknowaboutthebananas.Dr.DiBitettiwonderedwhy."
Itlookedlikeshewastryingtokeepherbananastash(藏匿处)asecretfromtheothermonkeys,"
hesaid.
Somescientiststhinkthatanimalscannotcontrolthesoundsthatcomefromtheirmouths.Thiswouldmeanthatmonkeyswouldmakenoiseeveniftherewasnotenoughfoodtoshare.Dr.DiBitettihadadifferentidea.
Capuchinmonkeyslovetoeatbananas.Dr.DiBitettiputsomebananasonaplatforminthetreeswherethemonkeyslive.Sometimesheputmanybananasontheplatformsothattherewouldbeenoughforthemonkeystoshare.Sometimesheputonlyafewsothattherewouldnotbeenoughbananasforeveryone.
Dr.DiBitettididthisforawholeyear.Insomeseasons,theforesthadmanyothermonkeyfoods.Inotherseasons,monkeysdidnothavemuchelsetoeat.
EachtimeDr.DiBitettiputbananasontheplatform,hewatchedcarefully.Hewantedtoseeifthemonkeyssometimeskeptquietwhentheyfoundbananas.
Dr.DiBitettifoundthreethingsthatmademonkeysmorelikelytoremainsilent.First,whenmonkeysfoundonlyafewbananas,theyoftendidn'
ttelltheirfamilies.Second,inseasonswhentheforestprovidedonlyalittlebitoffood,monkeystendedtokeepquietwhentheyfoundbananas.Third,monkeysweremorelikelytostayquietwhentheyhadmanyfriendsnearbyandwouldnothaveenoughfoodforeveryone.
Dr.DiBitetti'
sbananatestshowedthatmonkeyscancontrolthesoundscomingfromtheirmouths.Itseemsthattheyknowwhentokeepquietandwhentocallinthefamily.
1.Whydocapuchinmonkeysmakenoise?
A.Becausetheyfeelfrightened.
B.Becausetheyneedtheirfamilies'
help.
C.Becausetheyrevealthewhereaboutoffood.
D.Becausetheywanttoignoretheirfamilies.
2.WhatmadeDr.DiBitettihaveadifferentidea?
A.Aquietmonkey.
B.Somescientists.
C.Bananastashes.
D.Aplatform.
3.Underwhatcircumstanceswillmonkeysprobablycallinthefamily?
A.Thereisplentyoffood.
B.Theyhavemanyfriendsnearby.
C.Bananasarenottasty.
D.Foodisscarce.
B
TheFeministMovementisalsoreferredtoastheWomen'
sMovement,Women'
sRightsMovement,Women'
sLiberationandtheSuffrageMovementEitherway,allsuchtermsareunifiedinthestruggleforgenderequality.HistoriansdescribetheFeministMovement,specificallyintheUnitedState,inthreeperiodscalled"
waves."
Background
Inearlytimes,womenwereheldasemotionally,sociallyandphysicallyinferiortomen.Inmostsocieties,theirlifetimerolewasdefinedbymaternity,whichconcernedbearingchildrenandbeingchieflyresponsibleforthem,aswellasperformingthedomesticchoreswhiletheirhusbandsdidthemorestrenuous(艰苦的)outdoorwork.Thus,inmostsocieties,women'
ssocialandeconomicstatusdidnotextendmuchbeyondthehouse—andsucharoleconsequentlylimitedtheirlegalrights.
FirstWave(1840sto1950s)
ThefirstwaveoffeminismismainlycharacterizedbythepushintheUnitedStatesforwomen'
ssuffrage:
therightofwomentovote.Thateventuallycametopasswiththepassageofthe19thAmendmentin1920.
SecondWave(1960sto1980s)
Thesecondwaveoffeminismisnotedforkeylegislationandjudicialdecisions.TheyincludetheCivilRightsActof1964,whichprohibitsgenderdiscrimination,andRoevs.Wade(1973),theSupremeCourtdecisionthatestablishesawoman'
srighttosafeandlegalabortion.
ThirdWave(1990stopresent)
Thethirdwaveoffeminismcanbedescribedasbuildingonthefoundationslaidbythetwopreviousperiods,eventhoughtherewerestillsomeimportantlegallandmarks.Morewomenaregettinganeducation,enteringtheworkforce,becomingsuccessfulandlivingindependentlives.
Impact
Thefeministmovementchangedthetraditionalunderstandingofcertainaspectsofsociety,suchasmarriage,education,propertyownership,professionalambitionsandinvolvementinpolitics.
4.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentencemean?
A.Therearefivestagestofightforgenderequality.
B.Nomatterwhatyoucallit,itsaimistorealisegenderequality.
C.Allthestageshavecompletelydifferentpurposes.
D.Allthestagesfightformen'
srights.
5.BeforetheFeministMovement,womenusedto.
A.besuperiortomen
B.undertakealotofsocialresponsibilities
C.belimitedtotheirhomes
D.doplentyofoutdoorwork
6.WhichofthefollowingfeaturesbelongstoFirstWave?
A.Keylegislationandjudicialdecisions.
B.Buildingonthepreviousfoundations.
C.Prohibitinggenderdiscrimination.
D.Achievingtherightofwomentovote.
7.Thispassageisprobablyselectedfrom.
A.adetectivenovel
B.anarticleonfinance
C.afashionmagazine
D.ahistorybook
C
Musiccanmakeusfeelhappyorpeaceful,energizeustodance,ormoveustotears.Asanorchestraconductor,AmyAnderssonallowspeopletoexperiencethemanyfeelingsthatmusiccanevoke.
Duringaconcert,theaudienceseesthebackofaconductorandthearmmovementssheorheusestoleadtheorchestra.Whataudiencesdonotseeisalltheworktheconductorhasdonebeforehandtopreparefortheperformance—firstalone,andtheninrehearsalswiththeorchestra.
Monthsbeforeaconcert,Anderssonstudiesapieceofmusicbyplayingitonthepiano.Shedecideshowshewantseachsectiontosound.Shoulditbefastorslow?
Loudorsoft?
Shelistenstorecordings,readsaboutthecomposer'
slife,andreviewshistoricaleventsthatwouldhaveinfluencedthecomposer.Hergoalistore-createthemusicasthecomposerintended.
Whileconducting,Anderssonusesherwholebodytoexpresshowthemusicshouldsoundandfeel.Hermovementsaredramaticwhenthemusicisenergeticandgentlewhenthemusicispeaceful.Sheusesabatoninherrighthandtosetthetempo(拍子).Sheusesherlefthandtodirectchangesindynamics(loudnessandsoftness),tellcertaininstrumentswhentojoinin,andsignaleveryonetostopatthesamemoment.
Eachinstrumentcontributesuniquesoundstoamusicalperformance.Althoughitisnotnecessaryforconductorstoknowhowtoplayalloftheinstruments,theymustbefamiliarwiththerangeandsoundofeachinstrumentintheorchestra.
"
Itismusic'
sabilitytoreachpeoplethatIvaluethemost,"
saysAndersson.Shehasseenaudiencesatherconcertsapplaud,claptogetherinrhythm,andshout"
Bravo!
Frequently,listenersaremovedtotearsbythemusic.AfteroneconcertinSerbia,theaudiencegatheredaroundtheorchestra'
sbusesandcheeredfortheyoungmusiciansastheyclimbedaboard.
8.Itcanbeinferredthatapieceofmusiccontainsalotofinformationabout.
A.musicalknowledge
B.thelifeoftheconductor
C.thefeelingsofinstrumentalists
D.it'
scomposerandhistoricalbackground
9.Aconductorshouldknow.
A.howtoplayalloftheinstruments
B.whatthemusicwantstoexpress
C.whatclothestowear
D.howmanyaudiencesarepresent
10.WhatfunctionofmusicdoesAnderssonholddear?
A.Emotionarousing.
B.Moodrelaxing.
C.Eyescatching.
D.Amusement.
11.Whatisthebesttitleofthispassage?
A.BringMusictoLife.
B.TheUnderstandingofArt.
C.HowtoBecomeaConductor.
D.ASuccessfulConcert.
D
Anewstudyshowschildrendevelopbasicmathmemorizationastheygrowolder.
Allthetimeyouspentmemorizingmultiplicationtables(乘法表)mayhavemadeyouabettermathematician,accordingtoanewstudy.AteamofscientistsfromStanfordUniversity,inCalifornia,haveshownhowthebrainreorganizesitselfaskidslearnmath.
Afteracertainamountoftimespentpracticingmath,kidscanputawaythecalculator.Theydon'
tevenneedtocountontheirfingers.Theysimplyknowtheanswerstosubtraction,addition,andmultiplicationfacts.Thequickerkidscanrecallbasicmathfacts,theeasieritisforthemtosolvemorecomplicatedmathproblems.
TheStanfordUniversityresearchersobservedthebrainactivityof28students,ages7to9,forthestudy.Theytookscansofthestudents'
brainsasthestudentssolvedmathcalculationswithoutthehelpofacalculator,penorpaper.Acalculation—threeplusfourequalsseven,forexample—flashedonascreen.Thestudentspushedabuttontosayiftheanswerwasrightorwrong.Thescientistsalsorecordedtheresponsespeed,andwhatpartsofthebrainbecameactiveasthekidspushedthebutton.
Theseobservationsshowedaprocesscalledfactretrieval.Ratherthanusingtheirfingerstocount,orscrawlingoutequations(等式)onapieceofpaper.thestudentspulledtheanswersfrommemory.It'
sasiftheanswerstobasicsubtraction,addition,andmultiplicationproblemsarekeptinalong-termstoragecompartmentinthebrain.Thestoragecompartmentwasbuiltfromrepetition."
Experiencereallydoesmatter,"
saidDr.KathyMannKoepekeoftheNationalInstitutesofHealth.
Childrenmaketheshiftfromcountingtofactretrievalwhentheyare8to9yearsold,thestudysays.Thisisthetimewhenmoststudentsarelearningbasicadditionandsubtraction.Whenkidshavebasicmathfactsmemorized,thebrainhasmorefreespacetolearnmorecomplicatedmath.
Thisprocesshasbenefitsforthefuture.Thestudyshowed,askidsgotolder,theiranswersreliedmoreonmemoryandbecamequickerandmoreaccurate.Lessbrainactiv
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