轮机英语 Marine Engineering EnglishWord格式.docx
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轮机英语 Marine Engineering EnglishWord格式.docx
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1.1Shipsandmachinery(章标题)3
1.2Dieselengine9
1.3Shaftandpropellers46
2Marineauxiliarymachinery55
2.1boilers55
2.2Pumps55
2.3Refrigeration,airconditioningandventilation55
2.4Pollutionpreventiondevices55
2.5Centrifugalseparatorandfreshwatergenerator55
2.6Deckmachinery55
3Electricalequipmentandautomaticcontrol56
3.1Alternatingcurrentgenerators56
3.2Mainswitchboardanddistributionsystem56
3.3Marineelectricalequipment56
3.4Marineautomaticcontrol56
4Watchkeepingandequipmentoperation57
4.1operationprocedures57
4.2Safetyoperation57
4.3Storesandspareparts57
4.4Shipprepairanddocking57
4.5PollutionpreventionoperationandPortStateControl57
5Internationalconventionsandregulations58
5.1STCW58
5.2MAPROL58
5.3SOLAS58
5.4ISM58
5.5ISPS58
6Marinebusinesswriting59
6.1Enginelogbook59
6.2Repairlist59
6.3Storeorderandsparepartsrequisitionform59
6.4Accidentreport59
6.5Engineer’sreports,letters,faxesandemails59
Index60
格式说明61
1Mainpropulsionplant
Asanintroductiontomarineengineering,wemightreasonablybeginbytakinganoveralllookattheship.Thevariousdutiesofamarineengineerallrelatetotheoperationoftheshipinasafe,reliable,efficientandeconomicmanner.Themainpropulsionmachineryinstalledwillinfluencethemachinerylayoutanddeterminetheequipmentandauxiliariesinstalled.Thiswillfurtherdeterminetheoperationalandmaintenancerequirementsfortheshipandthustheknowledgerequiredandthedutiestobeperformedbythemarineengineer.
1.1Shipsandmachinery
Ships
Shipsarelarge,complexvehicleswhichmustbeself-sustainingintheirenvironmentforlongperiodswithahighdegreeofreliability.Ashipistheproductoftwomainareasofskill,thoseofthenavalarchitectandthemarineengineer.Thenavalarchitectisconcernedwiththehull,itsconstruction,form,habitabilityandabilitytoendureitsenvironment.Themarineengineerisresponsibleforthevarioussystemswhichpropelandoperatetheship.Morespecifically,thismeansthemachineryrequiredforpropulsion,steering,anchoringandshipsecuring,cargohandling,airconditioning,powergenerationanditsdistribution.Someoverlapinresponsibilitiesoccursbetweennavalarchitectsandmarineengineersinareassuchaspropellerdesign,thereductionofnoiseandvibrationintheship’sstructure,andengineeringservicesprovidedtoconsiderableareasoftheship.
Ashipmightreasonablybedividedintothreedistinctareas:
thecargo-carryingholdsortanks,theaccommodationandthemachineryspace.Dependinguponthetypeeachshipwillassumevaryingproportionsandfunctions.Anoiltanker,forinstance,willhavethecargo-carryingregiondividedintotanksbytwolongitudinalbulkheadsandseveraltransversebulkheads.Therewillbeconsiderablequantitiesofcargopipingbothaboveandbelowdecks.Thegeneralcargoshipwillhavevariouscargoholdswhichareusuallythefullwidthofthevesselandformedbytransversebulkheadsalongtheship’slength.Cargohandlingequipmentwillbearrangedondeckandtherewillbesufficienttomeettherequirementsfortheship’screw,provideanavigatingbridgeareaandacommunicationscentre.Themachineryspacesizewillbedecidedbytheparticularmachineryinstalledandtheauxiliaryequipmentnecessary.Apassengership,however,wouldhavealargeaccommodationarea,sincethismightbeconsideredthe‘cargospace’.Machineryspacerequirementswillprobablybelargerbecauseofairconditioningequipment,stabilizersandotherpassengerrelatedequipment.
Machinery
Arrangement
Threeprincipaltypesofmachineryinstallationaretobefoundatseatoday.Theirindividualmeritschangewithtechnologicaladvancesandimprovementsandeconomicfactorssuchasthechangeinoilprices.Itisintendedthereforeonlytodescribethelayoutsfromanengineeringpointofview.Thethreelayoutsinvolvetheuseofdirect-coupledslow-speeddieselengines,medium-speeddieselswithagearbox,andthesteamturbinewithagearboxdrivetothepropeller.
Apropeller,inordertooperateefficiently,mustrotateatarelativelylowspeed.Thus,regardlessoftherotationalspeedoftheprimemover,thepropellershaftmustrotateatabout80to100rev/min.Theslow-speeddieselenginerotatesatthislowspeedandthecrankshaftisthusdirectlycoupledtothepropellershafting.Temedium-speeddieselengineoperatesintherange250-750rev/minandcannotthereforebedirectlycoupledtothepropellershaft.Thesteamturbinerotatesataveryhighspeed,intheorderof6000rev/min.Again,agearboxmustbeusedtoprovidealow-speeddriveforthepropellershaft.
Slow-speeddiesel
AcutawaydrawingofacompleteshipissowninFigure1.1.1.Here,inadditiontothemachineryspace,canbeseenthestructureofthehull,thecargotankareastogetherwiththecargopipingandthedeckmachinery.Thecompact,complicatednatureofthemachineryinstallationcanclearlybeseen,withthetwomajoritemsbeingthemainengineandthecargoheatingboilers.
Figure1.1.1Cutawaydrawingofaship
Figure1.1.2Slow-speeddieselmachineryarrangement
Themoreusualplanandelevationdrawingsofatypicalslow-speeddieselinstallationareshowninFigure1.1.2.
Asix-cylinderdirect-drivedieselengineisshowninthismachineryarrangement.Theonlyauxiliariesvisibleareadieselgeneratorontheupperflatandanaircompressorbelow.Otherauxiliarieswithinthemachineryspacewouldincludeadditionalgenerators,anoily-waterseparator,anevaporatornumerouspumpsandheatexchangers.Anauxiliaryboilerandanexhaustgasheatexchangerwouldbelocatedintheuptakeregionleadingtothefunnel.Variousworkshopsandstoresandthemachinerycontrolroomwillalsobefoundontheupperflats.
Gearedmedium-speeddiesel
Fourmedium-speed(500rev/min)dieselsareusedinthemachinerylayoutoftherailferryshowninFigure1.1.3thegearunitsprovideatwin-screwdriveat170rev/mintocontrollable-pitchpropellers.Thegearunitsalsopowertake-offsforshaft-drivengeneratorswhichprovideallpowerrequirementswhileatsea.
Thevariouspumpsandotherauxiliariesarearrangedatfloorplatelevelinthisminimum-heightmachineryspace.Theexhaustgasboilersanduptakesarelocatedportandstarboardagainstthesideshellplating.
Figure1.1.3Medium-speeddieselmachineryarrangement
Aseparategeneratorroomhousesthreedieselgeneratorunits,awastecombustionplantandotherauxiliaries.Themachinerycontrolroomisattheforwardendofthisroom.
Steamturbine
Twincross-compoundedsteamturbinesareusedinthemachinerylayoutofthecontainership,showninFigure1.1.4.Onlypartplansandsectionsaregivensincethereisaconsiderabledegreeofsymmetryinthelayout.Eachturbinesetdrives,throughadoublereductiongearboxwithseparatethrustblock,itsownfixed-pitchpropeller.Thecondensersarelocatedbeneatheachlow-pressureturbineandarearrangedforscoopcirculationatfullpoweroperationandaxialpumpcirculationwhenmaneuvering.
Atthefloorplatelevelaroundthemainmachineryarelocatedvariousmainengineandship’sservicespumps,anauxiliaryoil-firedboilerandasewageplant.Threedieselalternatorsarelocatedaftbehindanacousticscreen.
The8.5mflathousesaturbo-alternatoreachsideandalsotheforced-draughtfansforthemainboilers.Themainboilerfeedpumpsandotherboilersoccupytheafterendofthisflatandarearrangedforrooffiring.Twodistillationplantsarelocatedforwardandthedomesticwatersupplyunitsarelocatedaft.
Thecontrolroomislocatedforwardofthe12.3mflatandcontainsthemainandauxiliarymachineryconsoles.Themainswitchboardandgroupstarterboardsarelocatedforwardoftheconsole,whichfacesintothemachineryspace.
Onthe16.2mflatisthecombustioncontrolequipmentforeachboilerwithalocaldisplaypanel,althoughcontrolisfromthemaincontrolroom.Theboilerfuelheatingandpumpingmoduleisalsolocatedhere.Thede-aeratorislocatedhighupinthecasingandsilencersforthedieselalternatorsareinthefunnelcasing.
Figure1.1.4Steamturbinemachineryarrangement
1Mainboiler
2FDfan
3Mainfeedpump
4Turbo-alternator
7SW-cooledevaporator
10Hotwatercalorifier
11FWpressuretank
12Mainturbines
13Maingearbox
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4Thrustblock
15MainSWcircpump
16Maincondenser
17Bilge/ballastpump
19Drainstankextractionpump
21Turboalternatorpump
22LOcooler
24LObypassfilterandpumps
26LOpumps
28Firepump
29Auxiliaryboiler
30Auxiliaryboiler
31HFOtransferpumpmodule
32HFOservicepumps
33Dieseloiltransferpump
34Dieselalternator
35Dieselalternatorcontrols
40Condensatede-oiler
41Refrigerantcirculationpump
42Oilybilgepump
43Steam/airheater
Operationandmaintenance
Theresponsibilitiesofthemarineengineerarerarelyconfinedtothemachineryspace.Differentcompanieshavedifferentpractices,butusuallyallshipboardmachinery,withtheexceptionofradioequipment,ismaintainedbythemarineengineer.Electricalengineersmaybecarriedonverylargeships,butifnot,theelectricalequipmentisalsomaintainedbytheengineer.
Abroad-basedtheoreticalandpracticaltrainingisthereforenecessaryforamarineengineer.Hemustbeamechanical,electrical,airconditioning,ventilationandrefrigerationengineer,astheneedarises.Unlikehissh
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